• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.125-145
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• 1999

The effects of Wang-ttum, Magnetic Water, Magnetic field and Sibjeondaebotang on hemodynamics in sleep deprivation were studied. The results as follows; 1. In case of Wang-ttum operated group, significant changes were observed at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m. in maximum blood pressure for the first and second overnight stay and at 2 a.m. for the third and, respectively, average blood pressure at 12 p.m., 2 a.m. for the 1st and 2nd overnight stay, minimum blood pressure at 10 p.m.. 12 p.m.. 2 a.m. for the 1st overnight stay and at 10 p.m., 12 p.m. for the 2nd and at 12 p.m. for the 3rd, pulse rate at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m., for 1st and 2nd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m. for the 3rd and 4th, TP-KS at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 1st and 2nd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 3rd, PRP at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 1st and 2nd and at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m. for the 3rd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m. for the 4th, TPR at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. from 1st to 4th overnight stay. 2. In case of taking magnetic water group, significant changes were observed at 2 a.m., 4 a.m. in pulse rate for the 1st overnight stay and, respectively, PRP at 2 a.m. for the 1st, TRP at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 1st and 4th. 3. In case of attaching magnet group, TPR was significantly observed at 10 p.m. for the 1st overnight stay. 4. In case of medicating Sibjeondaebotang group, significant changes were observed at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. in maximum blood pressure for the 1st and 2nd overnight stay and at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 3rd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 4th and, respectively, average blood pressure at 10 p.m., 12 p.m. for the 1st and 2nd and at 10 p.m. for the 3rd and 4th, minimum blood pressure at 10 p.m., 12 p.m. from 1st to 4th, pulse rate at 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. from 1st to 3rd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m. for the 4th, TP-KS at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4a.m., 6 a.m. for the 1st and at 10 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 2nd and at 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 3rd and at 6 a.m. for the 4th, PRP at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 1st and at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 2nd and 3rd and at 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. for the 4th, TPR at 10 p.m., 12 p.m., 2 a.m., 4 a.m., 6 a.m. from 1st to 4th. As mentioned obove, the effects of Wangttum and Sibjeondaebotang on hemodynamics in sleep deprivation were observed both the impulse of SIM-YANG and mutual function of QI-HYOL. The effects of Magnetic water and Magnetic field were observed the side of mutual function of QI-HYOL.

• Korean Journal of Mathematics
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.271-281
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• 2009

We define injective and projective representations of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$. Then we show that a representation $M_1\longrightarrow[50]^{f1}M_2\longrightarrow[50]^{f2}M_3$ of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ is projective if and only if each $M_1,\;M_2,\;M_3$ is projective left R-module and $f_1(M_1)$ is a summand of $M_2$ and $f_2(M_2)$ is a summand of $M_3$. And we show that a representation $M_1\longrightarrow[50]^{f1}M_2\longrightarrow[50]^{f2}M_3$ of a quiver $Q={\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}{\rightarrow}{\bullet}$ is injective if and only if each $M_1,\;M_2,\;M_3$ is injective left R-module and $ker(f_1)$ is a summand of $M_1$ and $ker(f_2)$ is a summand of $M_2$.

• Advances in environmental research
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.207-216
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• 2014

A study was conducted to determine the phytotoxic effect of mercury on seed germination and seedling growth of an important arid legume tree Albizia lebbeck. The seeds germination and seedling growth performance of A. lebbeck responded differently to mercuric chloride treatment (1 mM, 3 mM, 5 mM and 7 mM) as compared to control. Seed germination of A. lebbeck was significantly (p < 0.05) affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM. Root growth of A. lebbeck was not significantly affected by mercury treatment at 1 mM, and 3 mM. Shoot and root length of A. lebbeck were significantly (p < 0.05) affected by 5 mM concentration of mercury treatment. Increase in concentration of mercury treatment at 5 mM and 7 mM significantly (p < 0.05) reduced seedling dry weight of A. lebbeck. The treatment of mercury at 1 mM decreased high percentage of seed germination (22%), seedling length (10%), root length (21.85%) and seedling dry weight (9%). Highest decrease in seed germination (51%), seedling (34%), root length (48%) and seedling dry weight (41%) of A. lebbeck occurred at 7 mM mercury treatment. A. lebbeck showed high percentage of tolerance (78.14%) to mercury at 1 mM. However, 7 mM concentration of mercury produced lowest percentage of tolerance (51.65%) in A. lebbeck. The seed germination potential and seedling vigor index (SVI) clearly decreased with the higher level of mercury. Plantation of A. lebbeck in mercury-polluted area will help in reducing the burden of mercury pollution. A. lebbeck can serve better in coordinating in land management programs in metal contaminated areas. The identification of the toxic concentration of metals and tolerance indices of A. lebbeck would also be helpful for the establishment of air quality standard.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.232-236
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• 2004

We investigated hydrogen peroxide resistance of Escherichia coli possessing acetyl xylan esterase(AxeA) of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). The induction of AxeA production by isopropyl-$\beta$-thiogalactoside was confirmed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The differences in growth between induced and non-induced E. coli were determined by the changes in optical density of cultures after hydrogen peroxide treatment The lethal effect of hydrogen peroxide was observed for non-induced cultures at all concentrations tested in this study (lmM, 2.5mM and 5mM). However, cultures induced for AxeA production resisted the lethal effect, except at 5mM where cells were killed irrespective of the AxeA production. The axeA induction increased survival against 1.5mM hydrogen peroxide from 59% to 74%. In addition, AxeA producing E. coli showed increased survival at $45^{\circ}C$, near maximum growth temperature. Therefore, it was concluded that AxeA conferred a cross-resistance upon the bacterium against both oxidative- and heat stress.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.619-626
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• 2006

Let m be any positive integer, R be a ring with identity, $M_m(R)$ be the matrix ring of all m by m matrices eve. R and $G_m(R)$ be the multiplicative group of all n by n nonsingular matrices in $M_m(R)$. In this pape., the following are investigated: (1) for any pairwise coprime ideals ${I_1,\;I_2,\;...,\;I_n}$ in a ring R, $M_m(R/(I_1{\cap}I_2{\cap}...{\cap}I_n))$ is isomorphic to $M_m(R/I_1){\times}M_m(R/I_2){\times}...{\times}M_m(R/I_n);$ and $G_m(R/I_1){\cap}I_2{\cap}...{\cap}I_n))$ is isomorphic to $G_m(R/I_1){\times}G_m(R/I_2){\times}...{\times}G_m(R/I_n);$ (2) In particular, if R is a finite ring with identity, then the order of $G_m(R)$ can be computed.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.279-300
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• 2011

For a subset system M on any poset, M-Scott notions, such as M-way below relation,M-continuity,M-Scott convergence (of nets and filters respectively) and M-Scott topology are proposed Any approximating auxiliary relation on a poset can be represented by an M-way below relation such that this poset is M-continuous. It is shown that a poset is M-continuous iff the M-Scott topology is completely distributive. The topology induced by the M-Scott convergence coincides with the M-Scott topology. If the M-way below relation satisfies the property of interpolation then a poset is M-continuous if and only if the M-Scott convergence coincides with the M-Scott topological convergence. Also, M-continuity is characterized by a certain Galois connection.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.733-740
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• 2023

Let R be a commutative ring and M be an R-module. The dimension graph of M, denoted by DG(M), is a simple undirected graph whose vertex set is Z(M) ⧵ Ann(M) and two distinct vertices x and y are adjacent if and only if dim M/(x, y)M = min{dim M/xM, dim M/yM}. It is shown that DG(M) is a disconnected graph if and only if (i) Ass(M) = {𝖕, 𝖖}, Z(M) = 𝖕 ∪ 𝖖 and Ann(M) = 𝖕 ∩ 𝖖. (ii) dim M = dim R/𝖕 = dim R/𝖖. (iii) dim M/xM = dim M for all x ∈ Z(M) ⧵ Ann(M). Furthermore, it is shown that diam(DG(M)) ≤ 2 and gr(DG(M)) = 3, whenever M is Noetherian with |Z(M) ⧵ Ann(M)| ≥ 3 and DG(M) is a connected graph.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.1031-1051
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• 2012

In this paper, we will investigate the concept of the torsion-graph of an R-module M, in which the set $T(M)^*$ makes up the vertices of the corresponding torsion graph, ${\Gamma}(M)$, with any two distinct vertices forming an edge if $[x:M][y:M]M=0$. We prove that, if ${\Gamma}(M)$ contains a cycle, then $gr({\Gamma}(M)){\leq}4$ and ${\Gamma}(M)$ has a connected induced subgraph ${\overline{\Gamma}}(M)$ with vertex set $\{m{\in}T(M)^*{\mid}Ann(m)M{\neq}0\}$ and diam$({\overline{\Gamma}}(M)){\leq}3$. Moreover, if M is a multiplication R-module, then ${\overline{\Gamma}}(M)$ is a maximal connected subgraph of ${\Gamma}(M)$. Also ${\overline{\Gamma}}(M)$ and ${\overline{\Gamma}}(S^{-1}M)$ are isomorphic graphs, where $S=R{\backslash}Z(M)$. Furthermore, we show that, if ${\overline{\Gamma}}(M)$ is uniquely complemented, then $S^{-1}M$ is a von Neumann regular module or ${\overline{\Gamma}}(M)$ is a star graph.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.143-149
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• 1999

Every finite solvable group is only a subgroup of an M-groups and all M-groups are solvable. Supersolvable group is an M-groups and also subgroups of solvable or supersolvable groups are solvable or supersolvable. But a subgroup of an M-groups need not be an M-groups . It has been studied that whether a normal subgroup or Hall subgroup of an M-groups is an M-groups or not. In this note, we investigate some historical research background on the M-groups and also we give some conditions that a normal subgroup of an M-groups is an M-groups and show that a solvable group is an M-group.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.435-447
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• 2012

Let G be a group. Let R be a G-graded commutative ring with identity and M be a G-graded multiplication module over R. A proper graded submodule Q of M is semiprime if whenever $I^nK{\subseteq}Q$, where $I{\subseteq}h(R)$, n is a positive integer, and $K{\subseteq}h(M)$, then $IK{\subseteq}Q$. We characterize semiprime submodules of M. For example, we show that a proper graded submodule Q of M is semiprime if and only if grad$(Q){\cap}h(M)=Q+{\cap}h(M)$. Furthermore if M is finitely generated then we prove that every proper graded submodule of M is contained in a graded semiprime submodule of M. A proper graded submodule Q of M is said to be almost semiprime if (grad(Q)$\cap$h(M))n(grad$(0_M){\cap}h(M)$) = (Q$\cap$h(M))n(grad$(0_M){\cap}Q{\cap}h(M)$). Let K, Q be graded submodules of M. If K and Q are almost semiprime in M such that Q + K $\neq$ M and $Q{\cap}K{\subseteq}M_g$ for all $g{\in}G$, then we prove that Q + K is almost semiprime in M.