• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.23 no.11 s.198
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• pp.979-986
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• 1985

This is a case report of orthognathic surgery for the correction of maxillary retrusion and mandibular protrusion. The summary and results are as follows, 1. The maxillary retrusion was corrected by LeFort I osteotomy. 2. The mandibular protrusion was corrected by sagittal split osteotomies in the rami. 3. And, for the correction of the discrepancy between max8llary and mandibular arches, the mandibular arch was widened by the midsymphyseal step osteotomy. 4. The ratios of horizontal changes of soft tissue to hard tissue at the points, Subnasale (Sn), Labrale superius (Ls), Labrale inferius (L9), and Supramentale (B) were 67.6%, 43.2$, 70.2% and 87.7%, respectively.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.131-146
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• 1983

Faces of normal occlusion, open bite and class III malocclusion were measured using cephalogram in 190 male and female subjects. Using M.K.G., types of mandibular movement, amount of horizontal and vertical movement were studied in relation to occlusal types, and were compared with each other. The following conclusions were obtained. 1. Movement of protrusion was most different in relation to occlusal type. 2. In normal occlusion, maximal protrusion were horizontal 7.66mm, vertical 3.01mm in male, 6.41, 2.92mm respectively in female and maximal inferior position were -24.32, 33.63mm in male,-23.48, 32.27mm respectively in female. 3. Angle between maximal inferior position and horizontal plane were $53.51^{\circ}$ in male, $53.84^{\circ}$ in female. 4. Generally, amount of mandibular movement was greater in male than female. 5. In open bite, path of protrusion was nearly straight without curve $69.2\%$ in male, $70.2\%$ in female. 6. In class III malocclusion, angle and amount of protrusion were smaller than normal occlusion and path was directed anterior-superiorly in $22.7\%$. 7. There was no correlation coefficient between measurement of face and mandibular movement.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.281-295
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• 1994

It is very important for the ideal restorations of anterior openbite patients to record the mandibular movement and to harmonize mandibular movement with other organs in stomatognathic systems. This study was designed to compare the mandibular movement of anterior openbite patients with that of normal bite(Angle Class I) patients, to ascertain which components of mandibular movement have differences between two groups, and to use for occlusal treatment of mandibular movement. Saphon Visi-trainer Model 3(Tokyo Shizaisha Co. Japan) and Denar Pantronic(Denar Corp.,U.S.A.) were used to record mandibular movement. Pantronic survey was peformed by using an arbitrary hinge axis according to manufacturer's direction. Twenty-eight adult who have physiologically normal occlusion(Angle Class I) and are free of TM dysfunction were selected as a control group(Group 1). Fifteen adult who are anterior openbite patient and have not anterior guidance function and have posterior interference at protrusion were selected as a experimental group(Group 2). The results are as follows : 1. There was no statistically significant difference between the average immediate and progressive side shift of anterior openbite patients(0.54mm, $7.57^{\circ}$) and those of normal group(0.49mm, $5.96^{\circ}$). 2. The average protrusive and orbiting condylar inclination of anterior openbite patient$(30.87^{\circ},\;32.27^{\circ})$ were significantly lower than those of normal group$(36.11^{\circ},\;39.04^{\circ})$ (P<0.05). 3. In the results of Visi-trainer recordings, the mean for the maximum protrusion, the maximum laterotrusion, the angle of laterotrusion and the angle of protrusion in the horizontal trajectory between group 1 and 2 did not differ significantly. 4. The mean for the angle of protrusion, the maximum opening in the frontal trajectory, the ICP-RCP(A-P) distance and the angle of protrusion in the sagittal trajectory differ significantly(P<0.05). 5. The significant correlation was found between orbiting condylar inclination and protrusive condylar inclination.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.41 no.10 s.413
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• pp.720-727
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• 2003

Clinicians generally agree that Class III malocclusion is one of the most difficult to treat. When the Class III malocclusion is characterized by maxillary retrusion in growing patients, the use of a face mask may be the treatment of choice. Although face mask can achieve excellent orthopedic effects. It demands special patient compliance because it is worn extraorally and is not as esthetic or comfortable as intraoral appliance. This report presents the clinical cases of mandibular protrusion correction in growing patients, who were treated by TTBA(Tandem Traction Bow Appliance) that's a intraoral appliance.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.250-259
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the interrelationship of the soft and hard tissue changes after both maxillary and mandibular anterior segmental surgery in bimaxillary protrusion patients. 11 patients had received both maxillary and mandibular anterior segmental surgery and were investigated radiologically with lateral cephalogram. The results were as follows : 1. The correlation of maxillary hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were relative high. : Coefficient between UIE and Stms was 0.89 (p<0.001). 2. The correlation of mandibular hard and soft tissue horizontal changes were very high, especially at the chin. : Coefficients were over 0.90 (p<0.001) 3. All points were moved superiorly except SLS, LS, Stms. 4. Upper and lower lip convexity to the E-Line were decreased (p<0.001) and postsurgical facial profiles were changed very esthetically.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.173-189
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific head positions on the mandibular rotational torque movements in maximum mouth opening, protrusion and lateral excursion. Thirty dental students without any sign or symptom of temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) were included as a control group and 90 patients with TMDs were selected and examined by routine diagnostic procedure for TMDs including radiographs and were classified into 3 subgroups : disc displacement with reduction, disc displacement without reduction, and degenerative joint disease. Mandibular rotational torque movements were observed in four head postures: upright head posture(NHP), upward head posture(UHP), downward head posture(DHP), and forward head posture(FHP). For UHP, the head was inclined 30 degrees upward: for DHP, the head was inclined 30 degrees downward: for FHP, the head was positioned 4cm forward. These positions were adjusted with the use of cervical range-of-motion instrumentation(CROM, Performance Attainment Inc., St. Paul, U.S.A.). Mandibular rotational torque movements were monitored with the Rotate program of BioPAK system (Bioresearch Inc., WI, U.S.A.). The rotational torque movements in frontal and horizontal plane during mandibular border movement were recorded with two parameters: frontal rotational torque angle and horizontal rotational torque angle. The data obtained was analyzed by the SAS/Stat program. The obtained results were as follows : 1. The control group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in UHP than those in DHP and FHP during maximum mouth opening in both frontal and horizontal planes. Disc displacement with reduction group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in DHP and FHP than those in NHP during lateral excursion to the affected and non-affected sides in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). 2. Disc displacement without reduction group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in FHP than those in any other head postures during maximum mouth opening as well as lateral excursion to the affected and non-affected sides in both frontal and horizontal planes. Degenerative joint disease group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles in FHP than those in any other head postures during maximum mouth opening, protrusion and lateral excursion in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). 3. In NHP, mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly larger than that of any other patient subgroups. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement with reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement without reduction group during maximum mouth opening in the frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement with reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during maximum mouth opening in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 4. In NHP, mandibular rotational angles of disc displacement without reduction group were significantly larger than those of the control group or disc displacement with reduction group during lateral excursion to the affected side in both frontal and horizontal planes. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly smaller than that of the control group during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of disc displacement with reduction group during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 5. In NHP, mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly smaller than that of disc displacement with reduction group or disc displacement without reduction group during protrusion in the frontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of disc displacement without reduction group was significantly larger than that of the disc displacement with reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during protrusion in the horizontal plane. Mandibular rotational angle of the control group was significantly smaller than that of disc displacement without reduction group or degenerative joint disease group during protrusion in the horizontal plane(p<0.05). 6. In NHP, disc displacement without reduction group and degenerative joint disease group showed significantly larger mandibular rotational angles during lateral excursion to the affected side than during lateral excursion to the non-affected side in both frontal and horizontal planes(p<0.05). The findings indicate that changes in head posture can influence mandibular rotational torque movements. The more advanced state is a progressive stage of TMDs, the more influenced by FHP are mandibular rotational torque movements of the patients with TMDs.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effects of clutch adaptation on the mandibular rotational torque movement in normal people. 69 dental students were selected for the study. Their mean age were 23.6 years and they did not present any signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorders. $BioEGN^{(R)}$ with $Rotate^{(R)}$ program was used to observe and record the amount of mandibular rotational torque on protrusion, on right excursion, on left excursion, and on comfortable wide opening movement. The natural tooth contact movement and the movement with clutch were performed in the above four each mandibular movement. Clutch was made by the method used in $Pantronic^{(R)}$ clutch fabrication. Distance of slant frontal which was translatory trajectory in frontal plane and degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane were recorded. The data obtained were processed with SPSSWIN program and the results were as follows : 1. Distance of slant frontal in each mandibular movement generally increased with clutch. 2. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal and in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not increase with clutch, but the degree on wide opening increased with clutch. 3. Degree of rotational torque in horizontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions did not show any difference between right and left side, but the degree in frontal plane on protrusion and on lateral excursions showed significant difference between right and left side. 4. Total amount of rotational torque from right and left sides on protrusion and lateral excursions were not increased with clutch, but the degree on wide opening movement was increased with clutch. And in this case, degree in horizontal plane was larger than that in frontal plane. 5. Correlation between total amount of rotational torque in horizontal plane and that in frontal plane were highly significant on protrusion and on lateral excursions with or without clutch, but the significant correlation on wide opening without clutch became not significant with clutch.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.455-466
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude of mandibular rotational torque movements in subjects with TMJ sounds, and to analyse correlation between quantitative characteristics of TMJ sounds and mandibular rotational torque movement. Twenty dental college students with TMJ clicking and twenty students without any TMD signs and symptoms were examined by mean of SonoPak and Rotate program of BioPAK system(Bioresearch Inc. MilWaukee, wisconsin, USA) in this study. Mandibular rotational torque movements were recorded and analysed during maximum mouth opening, protrusion, and lateral excursion in frontal and horizontal planes. The obtained results were as follows: 1. On maximum mouth opening, mandibular rotational angle and distance of clicking group were significantly greater than those of control group in frontal plane. (P<0.05). 2. During maximum mouth opening closing, maximum mandibular rotational angle and distance of clicking group were significantly greater than those of control group in frontal plane. (P<0.01). 3. On protrusion, mandibular rotational angle and distance of clickin group were significantly greater than those of control group in horizontal plane. (P<0.05). 4. On lateral excursion, there was no significant difference in mandibular rotational angle and distance between clicking group and control group in frontal and horizontal planes. 5. There were significant correlations between peak amplitude of TMJ sounds and maximum mandibular rotational distance during maximum mouth opening (r=-.481) and mandibular rotational distance on maximum mouth opening (r=-.455) in horizontal plane. 6. There were significant correlations between Above 300/(0-300)Hz ratio of TMJ sounds and mandibular rotational angle (r=-.499) and distance (r=-.457) on maximum mouth opening in frontal plane.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.207-217
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• 1997

This study was performed for Investigation of the magnitude of mandibular positional change in maximum mouth opening. protrusion, lateral excursion, gum and peanut chewing with BioPAK system(Bioresearch Inc. USA) which can analyze mandibular rotational torque movements. For this study 17 female patients with Temporomandibular joint(TMJ) closed lock and 18 female control without any Temporomandibular disorders(TMDs) signs and premature occlusal contact were included. The obtained results were as follows : 1. In maximum mouth opening, the mandibular rotational angle and distance of patients were significantly greater than those of control group in horizontal plane(P<0.05). 2. In protrusion, the mandibular rotational angle and distance of patients were significantly greater than those of control group in frontal and horizontal plane(P<0.01, P<0.05). 3. The mandibular rotational angle and 야stance in lateral excursion to affected side of patients were significantly greater than those in lateral excursion to non-affected side in frontal plane(P<0.05). 4. The mandibular rotational angle in gum chewing to affected side of patients was significantly greater than that in gum chewing to non-affected side in frontal plane. 5. The mandibular rotational angle and distance in peanut chewing to affected side of patients were significantly greater than those in peanut chewing to non-affected side in frontal and horizontal plane. 6. The mandibular rotational angle and distance in peanut chewing to affected side of patients were greater than those in gum chewing, and was the same result in control group in frontal and horizontal plane.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.173-181
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• 2003

Purpose : This study was intended to evaluate the positional relationship between the hyoid bone and the mandible in patients with mandibular protrusion after mandibular set-back surgery by means of 3D-CT. Materials and methods : Preoperative(3 weeks before) and postoperative (6 weeks after) 3D-CT & cephalogram were taken on 32 patients(12 male, 20 female, mean age of 23.2) treated by bilateral sagittal split osteotomy with rigid fixation. The angular measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were deviation of Me & H, long axis angle of left & right cornu majus. The lineal measurement on 3D-CT basilar view were composed of intercondylar line and coordinates(x,y) of Me & H. The angular & lineal measurement of lateral cephalogram were composed of mandibular plane angle, SNA, SNB, ANB, FH-NA & FH-NB, and coordinates(x,y) of B, Pog, Me & H, PAS, Lpw, MPH and IAS. On the frontal cephalogram, deviation of Me were evaluated. Results : The mean mandibular set-back was 8.0mm horizontally and mandibular plane angle was slightly increased. The hyoid bone was displaced postero-inferiorly, the distance between MP(mandibular plane) and H(hyoid bone) was increased and the posterior airway space values (PAS, Lpw, IAS) were decreased. The coordinates Me(x,y), H(x,y) and deviation angle Me'& H' were revealed the strong positive correlation. Conclusion : The results revealed that the horizontal, vertical and transverse relationship of the mandibular and the hyoid bone movements were significantly correlated in patients performed mandibular set-back surgery.