• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.193-199
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• 2006

The literatural study on the effect of acupuncture for tinnitus was studied from the viewpoint of acupuncture effect. The conclusions are as follows. 1. The ear manages kidney, it relates with the heart meridian of hand soeum, kidney meridian of foot soeum, lung meridian of hand taeeum, spleen meridian of foot taeeum, stomach meridian of foot yangmyeong, gallbladder meridian of foot soyang, triple energizer meridian of hand soyang, small intestine meridian of hand taeyang. 2. According to classification of meridian in acupuncture treatment of tinnitus triple energizer meridian of hand soyang 18.0%, gallbladder meridian of foot soyang 16.6%, bladder meridian of foot taeyang 16.6%, small intestine meridian of hand taeyang 9.7%, large intestine meridian of hand yangmyeong 8.3%, stomach meridian of foot yangmyeong 5.5%, spleen meridian of foot taeeum 4.1%, pericardium meridian of hand gworeum 4.1%, lung meridian of hand taeeum 2.8%, heart meridian of hand soeum 2.8%, kidney meridian of foot soeum 2.8%, liver meridian of foot gworeum 2.8%, conception channel 2.8%, governor channel 2.8% have been used much in turn. 3. In the general points GB2 24times, TE3 22times, TE17 22times, SI19 20times, TE21 20times, KI 3 19times, BL23 17times, LI4 15times have been used much in turn.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.84-110
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• 1996

Meridian collateral and meridian points have been the base of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy. Also the theory have composed the main portion of Oriental Medicine. But the mechanism and scientific background has not been completely eatablished, and the research on the objectification of diagnosis of meridian collateral and meridian points, and acupuncture & moxibustion therapy has been necessary nowadays. A new understanding of value of Oriental Medicine has been increasing, the scientific understanding of meridian collateral and meridian points should have been examined. The system of meridian collateral and meridian points was very interesting topics between the scientists in the world. Especially, the elucidation of function and mechanism of Qi(氣) was very important in the scientific theme of 21th century. But there has been many difficulties in the study of meridian collateral and meridian points, since the system of meridian collateral and meridian points has the complexed function and vague structure in the organism. As the one of index of meridian points, the electric current has been used. In this report, the volume of electric current on the skin around the meridian points was investigated. The results of investigation showed the meridian points have higher electric current volume than non-meridian points.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

Objective : The Meridian sinew is one of the meridian subsystems, which includes muscles distributed on the twelve meridian. This study was performed to understand which muscle is falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Methods : We have studied the literatures on meridian sinew theory and searched muscles which correspond to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' in anatomical muscular system. And we researched myofascial pain syndrome about the symptoms of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Lastly we compared 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' with 'Deep Frontal Line' - one of the anatomical trains. Results & Conclusion : 1. It is considered that 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' includes flexor digitorum brevis muscle, abductor hallucis muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, adductor muscle, iliopsoas muscle, erctor spinae muscle. 2. The symptoms of 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome with referred pain of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. 3. 'Deep frontal line' is similar to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew', but not exactly in neck & pelvic muscles.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.17-29
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the correlation of meridian system in oriental medicine and muscular system in western medicine. Methods : Muscles were assigned to meridians by their main functions and the acupoints on them. New mutual relationships between meridians in lower limb were studied based on the muscular function. Results : In gluteal & femoral region, iliopsoas & quadratus femoris are assigned to spleen & stomach meridians, gluteus maximus & hamstrings to urinary bladder & kidney meridians, adductor muscle groups to liver meridian, gluteus medius & minimus & iliotibial tract to gall bladder meridian. In crural region, anterior crural muscles are assigned to stomach meridian, lateral crural muscles to gall bladder meridian, suferficial posterior crural muscles to urinary bladder (& kidney) meridian, deep posterior crural muscles to liver, spleen, kidney meridians. In lower limb, urinary bladder meridian and stomach meridian lead the muscular functions and correspond to each other, while spleen meridian assists stomach meridian, and kidney meridian assists urinary bladder meridian. Conclusions : Muscles may be assigned to meridians by their functions and the acupoints on them. From the view of muscular function, Yang meridians lead Yin meridians in lower limb.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.114-120
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• 2016

Objectives : It aims to establish a basic rule in Korean translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Based on the rule, We tried to make standard translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Methods : Books needed for this study were collected through searching Kyunghee University Library(http:// khis.khu.ac.kr). Keywords included "Miraculous Pivot of Huangdi's Internal Classic". We also include the book which is generally used as a textbook in Colleges of Korean Medicine. Results : In five Chinese books, the word-spacing was used differently in four phrases. Six Korean-translated books had the different translation in three phrases. We suggested a standard Korean translation of the pathway of lung meridian in Miraculous Pivot Meridian vessel. Conclusions : This result of the study would be expected to not only be published in Korean Journal of Acupuncture but be studied more about Korean translation by experts in this field.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.223-234
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• 2008

In this thesis, we discuss on three theories about abdominal line of Penetration Meridian[衝脈] and focused on the text of several related chapters of "Naegyeong(內經)". Therefore, we can get the conclusion as follows. Penetration Meridian[衝脈] is the same root of the Foot Soeum Meridian[定少陰經; KI, Kidney Meridian] and its circulation course is also at one with the Foot Soeum Meridian[足少陰經]. "Naegyeong" presents two kinds of channel of Penetration Meridian at the trunk portion-abdominal and dorsal channels. And their inter-relationship would be described as relationship between the roots[本] and the manifestation[標] or meridian[line] and acupoint[point].

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.253-258
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• 2012

Facial expression was an important communication methods. In oriental medicine, according to the emotion the face has changed shape and difference occurs in physiology and pathology. To verify such a theory, we studied the correlation between emotional facial expressions and meridian and collateral flow. The facial region divided by meridian, outer brow was Gallbladder meridian, inner brow was Bladder meridian, medial canthus was Bladder meridian, lateral canthus was Gallbladder meridian, upper eyelid was Bladder meridian, lower eyelid was Stomach meridian, central cheeks was Stomach meridian, lateral cheeks was Small intestine meridian, upper and lower lips, lip corner, chin were Small and Large intestine meridian. Meridian and collateral associated with happiness was six. This proves happiness is a high importance on facial expression. Meridian and collateral associated with anger was five. Meridian and Collateral associated with fear and sadness was four. This shows fear and sadness are a low importance on facial expression than different emotion. Based on yang meridian which originally descending flow in the body, the ratio of anterograde and retrograde were happiness 3:4, angry 2:5, sadness 5:3, fear 4:1. Based on face of the meridian flow, the ratio of anterograde and retrograde were happiness 5:2, angry 3:4, sadness 3:5, fear 4:1. We found out that practical meridian and collateral flow change by emotion does not correspond to the expected meridian and collateral flow change by emotion.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2000.06e
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• pp.99-102
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• 2000

This study analyze of reflection wave to Acoustic stimulation on acupoints and contrast parts for objectification of the meridian substance. In order to verify meridian pathway and channel theory of bio-energy in body. It was analyzed response characteristic of reflection waves after acoustic stimulation by sound wave of 5 specific tones. The response characteristics of reflection are measured by the average current magnitude of meridian. The current variation ratio are Live Meridian(gung) 33.2%, Heart Meridian(sang) 30.7%, Kidney Meridian (gak) 33.1%, Spleen Meridian(chi) 33.9%, Lung Meridian (wo) 30.7% compare with contrast parts (non-acupoint and meridian). Therefore meridian is distinguished to non-meridian and 5 vital meridians have relationship with sound wave of 5 specific tones.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.83-96
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• 2014

Objectives Although many studies explored the topic of meridian sinew in various perspectives and the term "meridian sinew" is widely used, the theory of meridian sinew is not applied for precise diagnosis and in-depth treatment in clinical practice. The aim of the study is to provide basic data classifying muscles into meridian sinew for future studies that investigate meridian sinew based on an anatomical basis. Methods Studies were identified with searches of six major Korean databases: OASIS, KoreaMed, KMBASE, KISS, NDSL and KoreanTK. Published primary studies classifying muscles into meridian sinew were included. Results A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the analysis. Twelve studies conducted the classification of muscles into meridian sinew based on meridian/ acupoints distribution and six based on meridian sinew distribution, and two based on both. Muscles with fidelity level of 50 or more were 54 (85.7%) and muscles with 100 fidelity level were 7 (11.3%): occipitalis, adductor digiti minimi, frontalis, biceps femoris, rectus femoris, vatus lateralis and extensor digitorum longus. Conclusions Classification results of muscles into meridian sinew varied according to the classification criteria and interpretation of meridian sinew and acupoints distribution. To develop muscle sinew as a more useful theory in diagnosis and treatment, efforts should be made to reduce the gap between study results and build consensus on the anatomical entity of meridian sinew.

• The Journal of Churna Manual Medicine for Spine and Nerves
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.211-223
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• 2009

Objectives : The aim of this research is to analyze the current trend of the studies about eridian muscle and to provide background for further studies. Methods : Reviewing 33 domestic oriental medical studies about meridian muscle, and comparative analysis was made. These studies were classified by method, theme and subtitle. Results : 1. According to the classification by study method, number of literary studies are 22(67%), which is more than half, number of experimental studies are 5(15%) and clinical studies are 6(18%). 2. According to the classification by study theme in literary study, percentage of 'Structure amp; Movement of Meridian Muscle' took 64%, Theory study of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' took 14%, 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' took 9% arranged in order. 3. In 'Theory study of Meridian Muscle', there were not only literary approaches but also Deficiency-Excessiveness(虛實) and historical approaches. Study about 'Structure & Movement of Meridian Muscle' includes analysis of muscle and Myofascial pain syndrome. On this background, it is necessary to recognize the linkage and motion analysis of Meridian Muscle. Therefore, studies were changed into interpretation about Anatomy trains, analysis of motion. The study about 'Treatment of Meridian Muscle disorder' provided the various treatment method-Acupuncture, Manual therapy, Ashi(阿是)-point therapy, CHUNA therapy etc.- in literary study. The study about the 'Application of Concept of Meridian Muscle' has been performed in relation to Embedding Therapy, Kyungkuen chuna, Ki-gong therapy. 4. Experimental Studies were all Anatomical Studies. Studies were done in trial of discovering the actual existence, but revealed problem in interpretating the meaning of Meridian Muscle. 5. Clinical Studies based on Ashi(阿是)-point therapy CHUNA Muscles Along Meridians Release Therapy etc, were performed. Experimental studies about Meridian Muscle were assessed as low grade according to Jadad Scale. There were no studies which were based on well-organized Meridian Muscle theory. Conclusions : There needs to be more discussion about concept of Meridian Muscle and proceed more reliable experimental studies with organized Meridian Muscle theory. Further objective studies about treatment of Meridian Muscle should be done.