• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.151-157
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• 1983

To find antitumor components in Korean basidiomycetes, the carpophores of Armillariella mellea which were collected in Gyeong Gi Province were extracted with distilled water at $90{\sim}100^{\circ}C$ for eight hours. The hot water extract was concentrated under reduced pressure, mixed with three-fold volumes of ethanol and allowed to stand at $4^{\circ}C$ overnight. The precipitate was centrifugated and lyophilized to yield a protein-polysaccharide fraction. It was examined for antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in ICR mice. The fraction showed 75.7%, 83.9%, and 94.1% of tumor inhibition ratios at the doses of 10, 20 and 50 mg/kg/day, respectively. The chemical analysis of the fraction showed that it contained a polysaccharide(41.3%) and a protein (35.0%). The hydrolyzates of the polysaccharide moiety contained fucose (4.5%), xylose (1.1%), galactose (17.4%), glucose (55.4%), mannose(19.4%), and one unknown monosaccharide. The protein moiety contained seventeen amino acids. The protein-polysaccharide from A. mellea was administered, i.p., to mice and caused an influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) at $5{\sim}24$ hours which was followed by an accumulation of macrophages and disappearance of the PMN at $48{\sim}72$ hours.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

This study aimed to evaluate seaweed polysaccharide extracts as a cosmetic material. To assess anti-microbial efficacy, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) was treated with seaweed polysaccharide extracts and zones of inhibition were measured. In addition, the anti-inflammatory effect was confirmed in RAW 264.7cells, and seaweed polysaccharide extracts was applied to the dorsal skin of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats to evaluate single-dose toxicity. As a results, seaweed polysaccharide extracts did not exhibit cytotoxicity at concentrations up to $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ in skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, when S. aureus was treated with 1% seaweed polysaccharide extracts, clear zones of $1.52{\pm}0.34cm$ formed, confirming sufficient anti-microbial activity. When RAW 264.7 cells were treated with seaweed polysaccharide extracts extract, nitric oxide (NO) production decreased in a concentration-dependent manner and the production of inflammation-related cytokines, such as interleukin 1 beta ($IL1{\beta}$), tumor necrosis factor alpha ($TNF{\alpha}$), and prostaglandin E2(PGE2), decreased. When seaweed polysaccharide extracts extract was applied at various concentrations to rats, symptoms did not change for more than 14 d, and there was no change in body or organ weights. In conclusion we found that seaweed polysaccharide extracts is not cytotoxic and has anti-microbial and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a cosmetic material.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.25-29
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• 1981

To investigate antitumor components of Korean higher fungi, the carpophores of Schizophyllum commune and Auricularia auricula-judae collected in Kyeong Buk Province were extracted with hot water or 0.1N-NaOH solution. The concentrated extracts were precipitated by addition of ethanol, and the precipitates were purified by dialyzing through visking tube and polysaccharide fractions were obtained. They were found to show antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. Especially, the inhibition ratio of the extract of Auricularia adicula-judae was 90.8% in the doses of 100mg/kg/day for the period of ten days. The tumor in five of the eight mice was completely regressed. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein. The hydrolysis of the respective polysaccharide yielded four monosaccharides. After hydrolysis of the protein fraction, 15 amino acids were identified in the respective fraction of S. commune and A. auricula-judae.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.179-183
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• 1987

To investigate antitumor constituents of higher fungi, the carpophores of Polyporus giganteus Pers. ex. Fr. (81 g, dry weight) which were collected in Indiana, U. S. A. were examined for antitumor activity. Two protein-bound-polysaccharide fractions (I and II) were prepared from the hot water extract and one fraction (III) from the 0.1 N NaOH extract of the carpophores. The antitumor effect of each fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 implanted subcutaneously in female ICR mice. Of three fractions, Fraction II showed 85.2% inhibition ratio at the dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 10 days and was named gigantan. Gigantan was found to contain 59% polysaccharide and 27% protein. Its polysaccharide moity was a heteroglycan that consisted of mainly glucose (89.3%), galactose (7.7%), minaose (2.0%) and fructose (1.0%).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.111-117
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• 1982

The carpophores of Cryptoporus volvatus collected in Gyeong-gi Province of Korea were extracted with water and a protein-polysaccharide fraction was obtained after dialysis and lyophilization. The antitumor activity of this fraction was tested against sarcoma 180 implanted in A-strain mice. The tumor inhibition ratio was 80.4% in case of the high dose group (50mg/kg, ip, 10 days) and 70.3% in the low dose group (20mg/kg, ip, 10 days). The protein­polysaccharide fraction was chemically analyzed and was found to be a complex of a protein which was 18.2% of the fraction when determined by Lowry-Folin method, and a polysaccharide which was 55.3% of ther fraction when determined by Anthrone method. Their subunits were identified as four monosaccharides and 18 amino acids by gas-liquid chromatography and amino acid autoanalysis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.153-157
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• 1979

The carpophores of three Korean mushrooms, Coriolus versicolor, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Lentinus edodes were respectively extracted with hot water and the extract were dialyzed through Visking tube. They were found to contain an antinumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in mice. The components of these aqueous extracts were found to be polysaccharide and protein by color reactions including anthrone and Lowry-Folin tests. The hydrolysis of the polysaccharide with 3% HCI-MeOH and trimethylsilylation yielded four monosaccharides : glucose, mannose, galactose and xylose which were identified by G. L. C. After hydrolysis of protein with 6N HCL, fourteen to seventeen amino acids including aspartic and glutamic acids were detected by an amino acid analyzer.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.302-306
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• 1998

In the previous study we described the antitumor activity of GLB, a protein-polysaccharide fraction of the growing tips of Ganoderma lucidum, against sarcoma 180 solid tu mor in ICR mice. In this study we investigated the stimulatory activity of GLB on macrophages. When analyzed using a flow cytometer, GLB ($100{\mu}g/ml$) was found to increase the phagocytic activity of the BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages as well as chicken macrophage BM2CL cells against FITC-labeled C.albicans by 55.2% and 21.2%, respectively. GLB also increased the spreading and the expression of MHC class II molecules of BM2CL cells as well as the mouse peritoneal macrophages. From these results, it is clear that GLB is a strong stimulator to the macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.224-230
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• 1996

To find pharmacologically active hybrids among the inter-order protoplast fusants of Lentinula edodes and Ginoderma lucidam the antitumor test was performed and the fusant P22 was selected among them. The hot water and alkaline extracts from the cultured mycelia of P22 were purified and separated into four fractions by DEAE-cellulose anion exchange chromatography. When a dose of 20 mg/kg/day of each fractions was injected into ICR mice by i.p., the tumor inhibition ratio of Fr. IV against solid sarcoma 180 was the higher than any other fraction. Fr. IV was a protein-bound polysaccharide which was composed of 69. 12% polysacchafide and 9.76% protein and the molecular weight of Fr. IV was $6.7{\times}10^4$ dalton.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.91-95
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• 1983

To investigate antitumor constituents of Hydnum repandum, which belongs to edible basidiomycetes, the mycelia separated from the carpophore were shake-cultured and subjected to hot water extraction. The extract was concentrated under vacuum and mixed with a three-fold volume of 95% ethanol to yield precipitates. The water soluble fraction of the precipitates was dialyzed and then lyophilized to yield a water soluble protein-polysaccharide fraction (= WPPF). This exerted antitumor activity against sarcoma 180 implanted in ICR mice. When administered i.p. at the dose level of 20mg/kg once daily for ten consecutive days, it showed an inhibition ratio of 54.3%. WPPF was found to be composed of a polysaccharide moiety (42% of WPPF) and a protein moiety (28% of WPPF) when determined by colorimetric method using anthrone reagent and Folin's phenol reagent. The polysaccharide moiety of WPPF was found to contain glucose (57.4%), mannose(19.3%), galactose (10.8%), xylose (6.8%), and fucose (5.7%), when the methanolysate of WPPF was analysed by GLC method.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.23 no.4 s.75
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• pp.325-331
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• 1995

The effect of cultural conditions on mycelial growth, polysaccharide production in Phellinus linteus and its monosaccharide composition was studied. P. linteus showed the highest growth (0.9 g/100 ml) on glucose but the polysaccharide production was the highest (13.7%) on mannose. The fungus grew very well at neutral pH (0.9 g/100 ml) but the growth was reduced to 0.47 g per 100 ml at alkaline pH. For the different pH, the yield of polysaccharide was in the range of $5{\sim}8%$. The highest yield of 7.94% was obtained at pH 5. Also a variation in monosaccharide composition was observed for different carbon sources and pH. The composition ranges of glucose, mannose, and galactose of polysaccharide were $80{\sim}95%,\;3{\sim}12%,\;and\;2{\sim}10%$ depending on carbon sources, respectively. In contrast, the variation of composition range of three monosaccharides was narrower for different pH than that for carbon sources. These results suggested the possibility of the improvement of production and the physiological modification of the polysaccharide.