• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.517-520
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• 2003

Prevalence of microfilariae, Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens, Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides from 506 German Shepherd dogs reared in Korea was investigated by modified Knott's test to detect circulating microfilaria and by acid-phosphatase staining for differentiation of each microfilaria species. In the modified Knott's test, 74 of 506 dogs (14.6%) were microfilaria positive, and the prevelance of each species of microfilaria was 90.5% (67 of 74 samples) for D. immitis, 5.4% (4 of 74 samples) for duplicate infection with D. immitis and D. repens and 4.1% (3 of 74 samples) for mixed infection with D. immitis, D. repens and A. dracunculoides. It was considered that the paying attention to the existence not only D. immitis but also other microfilariae were needed in canine filariasis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.201-204
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• 1986

A study on the effect of diethylcarbamazine (DEC) (Supatonin) against Brugia malayi infection was conducted on Cheju Island in September 1965. A total of 182 persons living in a village of Aiwol Myun, Bukcheju-Gun was examined for microfilaraemia. Microscopic examination of smears of $20{\mu}l$ of blood revealed a microfilaria positivity rate of 28.5%. At the end of September 1965, 34 confirmed microfilaria positive cases were treated with DEC at a daily dosage of 5mg/kg body weight. A full course of 12 days of drug administration divided of two rounds for 6 days each was used. The first round of treatment was given under a strict supervision of the author in order to observe carefully side-effects of the drug. The second round of treatment was given in January 1966. The microfilaria density in $20{\mu}l$ of blood of those who received the drug was checked four times; before the treatment, during the first round of the treatment, 2 weeks and 4 months after the completion of the first round. The pre-treatment mean microfilaria density of 104.6 diminished to nearly zero (only two cases with one microfilaria respectively) 2 weeks after the first round and again slightly rose up to 0.5 four months after the first round. These results indicate that DEC (Supatonin) is highly effective to eliminate the microfilaria of B. malayi. However, severe side-effects, e.g. fever (average $38.6^{\circ}C$, maximum $39.7^{\circ}C$), headache, backache and seldom abdominal discomfort etc. were observed. There were two cases of withdrawal from the scheme due to refusal.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.129-134
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• 2003

A survey of canine heartworm(Dirofilaria immitis) infections among dogs in Daefu area was performed from February 2000 to October 2002 using a microfilarial test and an antigen test(AGEN$^{TM}$ Canine heartworm). The infection rate of 220 dogs(96 males, 124 females) was 23.2%(51/22) by the microfilarial test, but was 23.6%(52/220) by the antigen test, revealing that 1 of 52 antigen-positive dogs were microfilaria-negative in the peripheral blood. All dogs that were microgilaria-positive were also antigen-positive. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs at the age of < 1, 1-3, 4-6, 7-11 and 12-15 years were 2.7%, 17.4%, 41.0%, 42.9% and 57.1%, respectively. Based on the fact that the antigen test is more accurate than the microfilaria test. The infection rates of heartworm in dogs by housing of indoor and outdoor were 6.9% and 46.4%, respectively. Based on the fact that outdoor housing is more infectious than indoor housing.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.42-44
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• 1966

Survey of the infection rate of Dirofilaria immitis in Korean dogs was made in Chunju area by means of Kume's Aectone-Concentrating method. During the period of 60 days(July August) 1cc of the blood was collected from Vena mediana antebrachii of each of 205 dogs over the age of one year regardless of its sex.(In this case 2cc syringe was used.) Time for collecting the blood was from 2 p.m. to 6 p.m. The collected blood was checked, using Kume's acetone-concentrating method.: The results were summarized as followings. Microfilaria was detected in 47 dogs(23%) out of 205. Based on the dog's age, microfilaria possitive rate is 15.5% (12 dogs out of 77) at one age; 24%(14 dogs out of 59) at the age of two; 28%(12 dogs out of 43) at the age of three; 5%(5 dogs out of 15) at the age of four.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.157-165
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• 2010

A survey of canine heartworm infections among 83 dogs (Male 42, Female 41) of pet dogs in Ulsan area was performed from March to July 2009 using antigen test. Of 83 dogs, 6 dogs (7.2%) were infected with the Dirofilaria immitis, and 5 dogs (6%) were detected to have microfilaria in the peripheral blood. The infection according to the age of 4~5, 6~7, 7 over years were 7.4%, 12.5%, and 10.5%, Also, A survey of canine heartworm infections among 23 dogs (Male 15, Female 8) of hunting dogs in Ulsan area was performed from July 2008 using antigen test. Of 23 dogs, 11 dogs (47.8%) were infected with the D. immitis, and 6 dogs (26.1%) were detected to have microfilaria in the peripheral blood. The infection according to the age of under 1, 2-3, 4-5, 6-7 over years were 12.5%, 40%, 85.7% and 66.7%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1997

We have investigated the prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) infection among 100 mixed-breed dogs raised in Chonnam Province (Koheung, Posung, Changheung, and Hwasoon) and 100 dogs randomly selected from visiting dogs to the College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University for routine physical examination. Blood samples taken from dogs were examined for the presence of Dirofilaria immitis microfilaria by the modified Knott's test, and an antigen test which was based on the sandwich ELISA(DiroCHEK(equation omitted), Synbiotics, Inc., San Diego, California, USA) was used to detect the adult heartworm-specific antigen from serum samples. The results were then compared with those of the modified Knott's test. Five(2.5%) of the 200 examined dogs were microfilaria-positive, while 8 dogs(4%) were anti-gen-positive, which suggested that the antigen test was more sensitive than the microfilarial test in detecting heartworm infection. All dogs that were microfilaria-positive were also antigen-positive. The place of origin of the heartworm-positive dogs were of Naju (4/26, 15.4%), Koheung(3/32, 9.4%), and Hwasoon (1/19, 5.3%), while none of dogs raised in Kwangju, Posung, and Changheung areas were infected with the parasite. Although not significant, more infected dogs were observed in older ages, while the difference in infection rate between male (4/98, 4.1%) and female (4/102, 3.9%) was not recognized. Our results indicated that a relatively low infection rate was observed in dogs raised in Kwangju and Chonnam area compared to the infection rate reported previously in other areas of South Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2005

A survey on the prevalence of heartworms, scabies and demodicosis of 1,011 pet dogs in 5 animal hospitals Jeonju area was peformed from June to October 2004. The result obtained from this experiment were summarized as follows; 1. The 1,011 pet dogs coming to help the animal hospital more than disease of pleonephritis 62($6.1\%$), enteritis 75($7.4\%$), dermatitis 62($6.1\%$), scabies 55($5.4\%$), heartworms 43($4.3\%$), tympanitis 41($4.1\%$), demodicosis 22($2.2\%$), gastritis 21($2.2\%$), fracture 9($0.9\%$), respectively. 2. The 307 examined pet dogs were heartworms antigen positive to 43($14.0\%$), Microfilaria 31($10.1\%$) and the kinds of mixed breeds 34 (antigen and Microfilaria 12), Jindo 19 (antigen 7, Microfilaria 6), respectively. 3. Heartworms antigen positive of examined 34 pet dogs mean ages 4.3 and general blood cell count mean of WBC $20.5{\times}10^3/mm^3$, RBC $61.3{\times}10^6/mm^3$ HGB $6.27g/d{\ell}$ HCT $20.9\%$, PLT $13.0{\times}10^3/mm^3$, MCV $33.2{\mu}m^3$, MCH 39.4pg, MCHC $14.8g/d{\ell}$, RDW $280.1\%$, MPV $9.2{\mu}m^3$, respectively. but showed a few high normal value WBC, MCV, MCH and a low MCHC. 4. This experiment was 1,011 pet dogs to dermatitis 139($13.7\%$) of scabies 55($39.6\%$), demodicosis 22($15.8\%$), respectively.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.45 no.1 s.141
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

The status of Dirofilaria immitis infection was assessed in pet dogs of Busan, Korea, and chemoprophylactic effects of microfilaricidal medication were evaluated. A total of 294 pet dogs older than 6 mo were examined, 217 of which had been maintained indoors, and 77 had been kept outdoors. The $Snap^R$ kit and direct microscopic examinations of the peripheral blood were used. The mean overall parasite positive rates were 10.2% and 6.5%, respectively. Outdoor dogs evidenced adult worm infection rate of 31.2% and microfilaria infection rate of 18.2%. The indoor dogs, however, evidenced adult worm infection rate of 2.8% and microfilaria infection rate of 2.3%. The prevalence in males was more than 2 times that of females. The changing pattern of infection rates by age evidenced a gradual increase, from 2- to 6-year-old dogs, after which, a decrease in infection rates was noted. With regard to chemoprophylaxis, the infection rates of complete and incomplete chemoprophylaxis groups were found to be 2-3 times lower than that of the non-chemoprophylaxis group. The results of the present study indicate that the risk of exposure to D. immitis in pet dogs is quite high, particularly in male outdoor dogs, and chemoprophylactic measures were quite effective.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.27-31
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• 1990

A dog which Showed dry muzzle, coughing, dyspnea, weight loss and exercise intolerance was clinically examined. Dirofilaria immitis infection was determined by hematological findings, radiographic evaluation and detection of microfilaria with modified Kno

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.79-83
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• 2001

Dirofilaria immitis parasitizes mainly in the pulmonary arteries and in the heart of dogs and cats. The parasite is also of public health importance, because it often elicits nodules in the pulmonary parenchyma and in the subcutaneous tissues, or sometimes parasitize itself in the eyes of human. In this study, we investigated the prevalence of heartworm infection among 165 dogs on three breeding farms in the vicinity of Seoul, Korea. Of 165 dogs, 83 dogs (50.3%) were infected with the parasite, as revealed by an antigen-detecting test using the peripheral blood. Of these, 23 dogs (20.2%) contained microfilaria using the peripheral blood, which are potential source of transmission to uninfected animals and to humans in the endemic area. None of infected dogs showed any clinical signs associated with the disease. Since the three farms were located in the vicinity of Seoul, the unexpectedly high infection rate could imply that the possibility of exposure of both animals and humans living in the metropolitan Seoul area to the parasite is higher than in the other area of Korea.