• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-122
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• 1999

This experiment was carried out to investigate the bombesin immunoreactivity in suprachiasmatic nucleus in rat and Mongolian gerbil hypothalamus after colchicine treatment and analyze the morphological difference between rat and Mongolian gerbil which is focused for experimental animal model of neuronal and circulatory diseases. The results were as followings. 1. The shape of suprachiasmatic nucleus was triangle in rat, but oval or kidney-shape in Mongolian gerbil 2. The suprachiasmatic nucleus devided into ventrolateral portion and dorsomedial portion in rat, but dorsolateral portion and ventromedial portion or superior portion and inferior portion in Mongolian gerbil. 3. The area of suprachiasmatic nucleus of rat was greater than one of Mongolian gerbil. 4. The bombesin immunoreactivity showed after colcichine treatment in rat and Mogolian gerbil suprachiasmatic nucleus. 5. The bombesin immunoreactivity was stronger in ventrolateral portion than in dorsomedial portion of suprachiasmatic nucleus in rat, but in ventromedial or inferior portion than in dorsolateral or superior portion of suprachiasmatic nucleus in Mongolian gerbil. 6. The bombesin immunoreactivity showed at the oval, ellipsoid or triangular neurons and varicose nerve terminals in ventrorateral portion of rat, and only nerve terminals in dorsomedial portion of rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. But the bombesin immunoreativity didn't show at neurons of Mongolian gerbil suprachiasmatic nucleus.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.1033-1037
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• 1999

This study was carried out to compare the distribution pattern of the bombesin immunoreactive neurons of the hypothalamic nucleus in the rat and Mongolian gerbil. The bombesin immunoreactive neurons in the rat were located in the dorsal part of the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus, but in the Mongolian gerbil in the compact part of dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus. From this results, we could get an evidence that there were some differences in the distribution of peptide between rat and Mongolian gerbil.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2000

Nowadays, mongolian gerbil is notably utilized for the research of brain and water deprivation because of a congenital incomplete willis circle structure in the brain, audiogenic seizure in low noise, and special cholesterol metabolism without water absorption for a long time. In this study, we are intend to identify the morphological changes of the catecholaminergic neuron of brain according to the time lapse in the condition of long term water deprivation. 55 mongolian gerbil were divided 10 groups(control, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, 20, 42th day water deprivation group), of which each group include 5 mongolian gerbils and 5 normal mongolian gerbils in control group were also used for brain atlas as a control. The brains were observed by the immunohistochemical stain using the TH, DBH and PMNT antibody. The results were as followings; 1. The nerve fibers of the TH-immunoreactive neuron were observed only in the and corpus striatum of the telencephalon. 2. Intensity of the immunostain of the nerve fiber in the cerebral cortex and corpus striatum was decreased gradually day by day after water deprivation. 3. The TH-immunoreactive nerve cells were observed in the paraventricular and periventricular nucleus of the 3rd ventricular in the hypothalamus of mongolian gerbil but the number of nerve cells were decreased from the first day of the water deprivation to the 10th day and increased until the 20th day, after than redecreased from the 20th day by the continuous water deprivation. The number of nerve fibers in this area were increased in the first day, but decreased from the 2nd day of water deprivation. The shape and density of the dopamine secreting cells in the brain of mongolian gerbil by the immunoreactive stain were changed in the continuous water deprivation. In this results, we can conclude that dopamine concerned in the water metabolism of mongolian gerbil, and mongolian gerbil could be used as an animal model for the research of water deprivation.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.607-613
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• 2004

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-infection is an important pathogen of stomach cancer after chronic gastritis and ulceration in the stomach and duodenum. However, the virulences of H. pylori strains have not been well-defined between clinical isolates. This study was designed to establish water-immersion-restraint stress (WIRS) model in mongolian gerbil for comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains. To determine an optimal duration time for WIRS model in gerbil, 5-week-old Mongolian gerbils were divided into different groups by WIRS duration time. After graded duration of WIRS, the macroscopic ulcer index (UI) was measured with the stomach and duodenum of sacrificed animal. There were no significant differences between male and female in same duration group. However, the UI increased significantly in a time-dependent fashion. The group of 6 hours-WIRS animals showed severe hemorrhage and ulceration in their stomach and duodenum. On the other hand, the very mild lesions induced in 2 hours-treated animals. Therefore, we determined an optimal duration time for WIRS model in gerbil as 4 hours. Thereafter, we evaluated whether this WIRS model in gerbil could be used as an useful tool for in vivo comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains by enhancement of pathological severity in H. pylori-infected gerbils. Mongolian gerbils were divided into H. pyloriinfected and PBS-inoculated groups. Thereafter, they were divided again into 4 hours-WIRS and no WIRS subgroups. After treatment, the severity of pathological changes was evaluated in a same manner with previous duration-determining experiment. When the animals were exposed to WIRS, the UI was significantly higher in the infected group than in the uninfected group. These results suggested that the established gerbil-WIRS model in this study enhanced effectively the severity of pathogenic changes in the H. pylori-infected Mongolian gerbils and could be used as an useful tool for in vivo comparison of pathogenicity of H. pylori strains.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 1999

This investigation was carried out to study morphological and chronological aspects of the development of the Harderian gland in the Mongolian gerbil(Meriones unguiculatus). Male and female Mongolian gerbils were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 30 and 60 after birth and their Harderian glands were processed for light microscopic observation. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. In 1-day-old Mongolian gerbil, Harderian gland was well distinguished from other tissue structures. It was composed of several immature tubules, and these tubules were separated each other by undifferentiated mesenchymal connective tissues. 2. In 3-day and 5-day-old Mongolian gerbils, the arrangement of tubules in the gland was more condensed than that of 1-day-old Mongolian gerbil. The excretory ducts started to appear in the connective tissues located between lobes. 3. In 10-day-old Mongolian gerbil, small lipid vacuoles began to be found in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells of the Harderian gland. There were some mucus-secreting cells within the epithelium of the excretory duct found in the interlobar connective tissues. 4. In 30-day-old Mongolian gerbil, there was markedly increased number of the tubules in the glands. The epithelial cells of the tubules were typically columnar in shape. Most of the columnar epithelial cells contained many small lipid vacuoles, although a few cells contained large lipid vacuoles. 5. In 60-day-old Mongolian gerbil, the Harderian gland exhibited the typical structural characteristics of the adult gland. The mature glandular structures were more distinct than those of 30-day-old animals.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2000

Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus)은 선천적으로 불완전한 뇌바닥동백고리와 특이한 콜레스테롤 대사를 가진 동물로서 수분의 섭취없이도 장기간 생존이 가능하기 때문에 최근 뇌신경학 연구방법에 많이 이용되는 동물이다. 따라서 본 연구는 mongolian gerbil을 절수 시켰을 때 시간의 경과에 따라 뇌에서의 catecholaminergic neuron의 형태적인 변화에 관하여 알아보고자 $50\sim80g$의 mongolian gerbil 25마리를 이용하여 5마리는 뇌도보를 작성하였으며 나머지는 정상군, 5일군, 10일군, 20일군으로 각각 5마리씩 나누어 TH, DBH, PNMT항체를 이용하여 면역조직화학염색하여 절수의 시간에 따른 뇌에서의 catecholaminer-gic neuron의 형태적인 변화를 광학 및 전자현미경적으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 정상군의 경우 시상하부의 제 3 뇌실주위에 있는 뇌실곁핵과 뇌실주위회백질에 TH면역반응세포들이 나타났고 이들의 신경세포돌기 및 신경섬유들도 많이 분포하였으나 20일군에서 감소되는 양상을 보였다. 2. 중뇌 및 교뇌에서는 catecholamine성 신경세포중 dopamine성 신경세포가 뚜렷히 관찰되었으나 noradrenalin성 신경세포는 약하게 관찰되었다. 3. 흑색질의 치밀부분과 배쪽피개영역에서 TH항체에 대한 면역반응을 보이는 Dopamine성 신경세포 밀집도가 높았으며 그물부분에서도 소수 관찰되었다. 그러나 이 부위에서 dopamine성 신경세포도 절수에 따라 5일군까지 신경세포체와 돌기 및 섬유들이 감소되었으나 10일군에서는 다시 증가하였으며 20일군에서부터 감소하는 양상을 보였다. 4. 절수에 의한 뇌의 TH면역반응세포체의 전자현미경적 소견은 정상군에 비해 5일군에서 핵의 농축 및 변형, 신경연접의 소실, 사립체의 감소, 축삭 수의 감소 등이 나타나 TH의 분비에 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다. 그러나 ER등의 변화는 크게 관찰할 수 없었다. 이러한 연구결과는 정상군의 경우 다른 동물과 유사했으나 다른 동물에서는 청색반점이나 교뇌부위에서 noradrenaline성 신경이 많다고 하였지만 본 연구에서는 그러한 차이를 발견하지 못했으며 이것은 동물간의 유전적, 환경적 차이로 사료된다. 그러므로 mongolian gerbil의 수분대사에 dopamine이 관여할 것으로 보고 탈수 질환모델로 개발하기 위한 기능적인 연구와 더불어 많은 형태학적인 연구가 병행되어야 할 것이다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of Boyanghwano-tang Extracts on Reversible Forebrain Ischemia in Mongolian Gerbils. Methods : The water content of cerebral edema and the morphologicalㆍneurocytochemistrical change of neuron in MG were implemented to conduct this study. Results : The change rate of water content by ischemia in the normal group was 78.90% on the third day and 79.12% on the seventh day after an attack of ischemia. The rate in the control group was 80.34% and 81.72%. In the sample group the rate was 79.85% and 80.97%. This is a significant result. According to the result of the optical microscopic examination, the cells seen to be continuous and systematic in the pyramidal cells of hippocampus were changed into discontinuous and unsystematic forms in the control group. But compared with the control group, the cells were less damaged in the sample group. Conclusions : The data shows that the effect of Boyanghwano-tang Extracts on Reversible Forebrain Ischemia in MG is a significant result.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.469-482
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• 2006

The term 'heat shock protein (Hsps)' was derived from the fact that these proteins were initially discovered to be induced by hyperthermic conditions. In response to a range of stressful stimuli, including hyperthermia, immobilization, UV radiation, amino acid analogues, arsenite, various chemicals, and drugs the mammalian brain demonstrates a rapid and intense induction of the heat shock protein. Moreover, Hsps were expressed on the various pathological conditions including trauma, focal or global ischemia, hypoxia, infarction, infections, starvation, and anoxia. Especially, Hsp25 has a protective activity, facilitated by the ability of the protein to decrease the intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) as well as its chaperone activity, which favors the degradation of oxidized proteins. Recently, it has clearly demonstrated that Hsp25 is constitutively expressed in the adult mouse cerebellum by parasagittal bands of purkinje cells in three distinct regions, the central zone (lobule VI-VII) and nodular zone (lobule IX-X), and paraflocculus. The Mongolian gerbil has been introduced into stroke study model because of its unique brain vasculature. There are no significant connections between the basilarvertebral system and the carotid system. This anatomy feature renders the mongolian gerbil susceptible to forebrain ischemia-induced seizure. The present study is designed to examine the pattern of Hsp25 expression in the cerebellum of this animal in comparison with that in mouse.

• International Journal of Oral Biology
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2016

Inflammation from chronic and acute infections of distal organs and tissues such as periodontitis is a risk factor for atherosclerotic vascular processes. Recently, a new model of atherosclerosis with vascular pathologies was developed in the Mongolian gerbil. In this study, we attempted to develop a model of ligature-induced periodontitis in gerbils and compared the characteristics of that periodontitis model with that in rats and mice. Each gerbil, rat, and mouse was randomly assigned to groups of control and periodontitis. A thread was placed around the cervix of the right and left first molars in the mandible with knots placed on the mesial side of each molar. At day 14 after the ligation, the animals were sacrificed and their mandibles were dissected. To measure alveolar bone loss along with inflammation, histopathological and micro-CT analyses were carried out. Gerbils showed tooth characteristics of deeper gingival crevice, longer cusp, longer root trunk and shorter root than those of rats and mice. The increased CEJ-ABC distance in distal and PDL area in furcation was also observed in ligated gerbils. An inflammatory response in the connective tissue under the junctional epithelium was also shown in all the animals. As a result, we confirmed the induction of periodontitis by ligature in the gerbils. We therefore consider the gerbil to be a useful model for investigating relationship between periodontitis and vascular disease in the same animal.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.257-265
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• 2000

Harderian glands are the unique organs in several mammals, which human and non-human primates do not have. We report the ultrastructural changes in the postnatal developmental periods of Harderian glands in Mongolian gerbil(Meriones unguiculatus). Male and female Mongolian gerbils were sacrificed on days 3, 10, 30 and 60 after birth and their Harderian glands were observed by transmission electron microscope. The obtained results were summarized as follows; 1. In 3-day-old Mongolian gerbils, Harderian gland was composed of one excretory duct and immature tubules which have two type cells, dark and light cells, identified electron-dense and electron-lucent respectively. 2. In 10-day-old Mongolian gerbils, small lipid vacuoles began to be found in the cytoplasm of the secretory cells of the Harderian gland. Mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, polysomes and slash were more abundant in the cytoplasm of dark cells than those of light cells. The arrangement of tubules in the gland was much more condensed than that of 3-day-old Mongolian gerbils. 3. In 30-day-old Mongolian gerbils, the secretory cells of the tubule were typically columnar in shape and there was one type cell in the tubule. Most of the columnar secretory cells contained various size vacuoles. 4. In 60-day-old Mongolian gerbils, the Harderian gland possessed the typical structural characteristics of adults. The mature glandular structures were more significant than those of 30-day-old animals.