• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.431-439
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• 2005

Objective: The aim was to identify the inhibitory effects of Flos Bombacis Malabarici(FBM) on Monosodium Urate (MSU)-induced gout in rats. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment of FBM I (50mg/kg), FBM II (125mg/kg) for seven days followed by injection of MSU solution, the various indicators related to gout were measured, such as hematological and serum levels and including joint inflammation. Also, it was investigated whether FBM directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Results: As a result of this study, FBM didn't show the cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. FBM slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. FBM partially decreased MSU-induced AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, WBC, ESR elevation and significantly decreased MSU-induced uric acid in serum. Conclusion: These results suggest that FBM has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout. and should be further investigated.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.388-393
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• 2006

The aim was to identify the inhibitory effects of Radix Rosae Laevigatae(RRL) on Monosodium Urate(MSU)-induced gout in rats. After pretreatment of RRL I (125mg/kg), RRL II (50mg/kg) for seven days followed by injection of MSU solution, the various indicators related to gout were measured, such as hematological and serum levels and including joint inflammation. Also, it was investigated whether RRL directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. As a result of this study, RRL didn't show the cytotoxicity on cell proliferation, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. RRL slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. RRL partially decreased MSU-induced BUN, creatinine, WBC, ESR elevation and significantly decreased MSU-induced AST, ALT, uric acid in serum. These results suggest that RRL has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout, and should be further investigated.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.164-173
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• 2009

The anti-inflammatory effect of Spirulina fusiformis on monosodium urate crystal-induced inflammation in mice has been investigated and compared with the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug Indomethacin. The paw volume, lysosomal enzyme activities, lipid peroxidation, anti-oxidant status and inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-$\alpha$ were studied in control and monosodium urate crystal-induced mice after oral administration of Spirulina platensis in an experimental model for gouty arthritis. In the induced mice, the levels of lysosomal enzymes, inflammatory mediator tumour necrosis factor-$\alpha$, lipid peroxidation and the paw volume increased significantly, whereas the antioxidant status decreased when compared to control mice. $\beta$-glucuronidase and lactate dehydrogenase level were also found to be increased in untreated monosodium urate crystal-incubated polymorphonuclear leucocytes. After the oral administration of Spirulina fusiformis, the physical and biochemical changes observed in monosodium urate crystal-induced animals were significantly restored to near normal levels. The results clearly indicated the anti-inflammatory role of Spirulina fusiformis, a promising drug for gouty arthritis.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.715-724
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• 2006

Objective : To identify the inhibitory effects of Commiphora Myrrha (CM) on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced gout model in rats. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment with CM-I (125mg/kg) or CM-II (50mg/kg) for 7 days followed by ones injection of MSU solution. the various indicators related to gout were measured on hematological and serum level including joint inflammation, Also, it was studied whether FBM directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Results : As a result of this study, CM didn't show cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. CM slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. CM partially decreased MSU-induced albumin, globulin, AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine. WBC, platelet count and ESR level and significantly decreased MSU-induced uric acid in serum. Conclusion : These results suggest that CM has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout, and should be further investigated.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2008

In order to study the Effects of yindong(LC) on the variation of blood and joint value the gout induced by microcrystalline sodium urate in rats, for LC is one of the important medicine on gout. After pretreatment of LC(50, 500mg/kg) for 5days, the Effects of LC was evaluated on Serum albumin, Serum globulin, glutamate dxalacetate transminase(AST), glutanate pyruvate transminase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), Serum creatitine, Serum uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), WBC, platelet were measured. The results were obtained as follows : Joint value Increase ratio was not significantly decreased in all LC taken groups compared with the control group. Serum albumin was significantly different in all LC taken groups compared with the control group and Serum globulin was significantly dicreased in 500mg/kgLC taken group compared with the control group. Serum AST, ALT were significantly dicreased in 500mg/kgLC taken group compared with the control group. Serum BUN was significantly decreased in all LC taken groups and Serum creatinine was significantly decreased in 500mg/kgLC taken group compared with the control group. Serum uric acid was significantly different in 500mg/kgLC taken group, and changes in xanthine oxidase activity was significantly decreased in 500mg/kg, 50mg/kgLC taken group. ESR was significantly decreased in all LC taken groups compared with the control group. WBC, platelet count were significantly decreased in 500mg/kgLC taken group compared with the control group. From above results it may be concluded that Yindong can be used for treatment and preventive medcine of gout induced by microcrystalline sodium urate in clinic.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.492-495
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• 2023

Extra-articular deposition of monosodium urate crystals is a widely recognized manifestation of gout. However, gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the hand resulting in tendon rupture is exceedingly rare. This case report highlights a patient with gouty infiltration of flexor tendons in the right middle finger resulting in rupture of both the flexor digitorum profundus and flexor digitorum superficialis. Given the extent of gouty infiltration and need for pulley reconstruction, the patient was treated with two-stage flexor tendon reconstruction. Febuxostat was prescribed preoperatively to limit further deposition of monosodium urate crystals and continued postoperatively to maximize the potential for long-lasting results. Prednisone was prescribed between the first- and second-stage operations to prevent a gout flare while the silicone rod was in place. In summary, tendon rupture secondary to gouty infiltration is the most likely diagnosis in patients with a history of gout presenting with tendon insufficiency.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.95-104
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• 2008

This study was designed to investigate the Effects of Smilacis Glabrae Rhizoma(SGR) on the gout. After pretreatment of SGR(50, 500mg/kg) for 5days, the Effects of SGR was evaluated on changes Joint value increase ratio, Serum albumin, Serum globulin, glutamate dxalacetate transminase(AST), glutanate pyruvate transminase(ALT), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), Serum creatitine, Serum uric acid, xanthine oxidase activity, WBC, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate(ESR), platelet. The results were obtained as follows ; Joint valueincrease ratio was decreased in 50mg/kg, 500mg/kg SGR taken group, but changes were not significantly different with the control group. AST, ALT were not significantly different in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. Serum BUN, creatinine were significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. ESR was significantly decreased in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. WBC, platelet were significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. Serum uric acid was not significantly different in all SGR taken groups compared with the control group. Xanthine oxidase activity was significantly decreased in 500mg/kg SGR taken group compared with control group. From above results, it may be concluded that SGR can be used for treatment and prevention of gout.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.368-376
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• 2023

Background: Although bee venom (BV) has clinical benefits in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, it has not been tested as treatment for gouty arthritis. Moreover, in vitro, BV has been proven to exhibit anti-inflammatory and positive effects on osteoarthritis, but only limited evidence can confirm its beneficial effects on gout. Thus, this study aims to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of BV on monosodium urate (MSU)-induced THP-1 monocytes. Methods: THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into mature macrophages using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and pretreated for 6 hours with BV and a Caspase-1 inhibitor in a physiologically achievable range of concentrations (BV, 0.1-1 ㎍/mL; Caspase-1 inhibitor, 1-10 μM), followed by MSU crystal stimulation for 24 hours. The secretions of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), IL-6, IL-8, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were increased in the MSU crystal-stimulated THP-1 cells. Results: Caspase-1 inhibitors suppressed the production of all mediators in a dose-dependent manner. BV worked on equal terms with Caspase-1 inhibitors and showed more satisfactory effects on TNF-α, PGE2, COX-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Moreover, the western blot analysis revealed that BV regulated the transcriptional levels of these mediators via the suppression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway activation. Conclusion: The results of the present study clearly suggest that BV inhibits MSU-induced inflammation in vitro, suggesting a possible role for BV in gout treatment.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.1534-1540
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• 2005

In order to testify the urate lowering effects of Daihwangmudan-tang(DMT), ICR mice were injected monosodium urate into the abdominal cavity and then DMT was administered on 2 and 4 days after Injection. Uric acid and triglyceride were measured as hematological indices of gout, and some genes related with this change were identified by ACP based GeneFishing PCR method and direct sequencing. From this experiment, DMT highly decreased the blood levels of uric acid and significantly suppressed and lowered the acute increment of triglyceride level. There were 11 differentially expressed genes(DEG) having relations with positive actions of DMT, and 4 major genes in the middle of DEGs were sequenced; Mfap 2, jagged 2, Hsd17b7, DkkI-1, These genes were supposed that several mechanisms through interleukin 1 and T-cell anergy, LDL cholesterol metabolism, wnt pathway would be related with the anti-inflammation effect against gout.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 2023

Gout, a chronic inflammatory arthritic disease, is characterized by hyperuricemia. Gout can be induced by an inflammatory response to monosodium urate (MSU) crystals mediated by pro-inflammatory cytokine release following activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Many sulfur-containing phytochemical compounds in garlic (Allium sativum L.) are considered active ingredients because of their potential pharmacological benefits for various diseases, but their efficacy in NLRP3 inflammasome activation-mediated gout has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated whether diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS), representative garlic-derived sulfur compounds, have an inhibitory effect on MSU-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Our results showed that under non-cytotoxic conditions, DADS and DATS significantly blocked nitric oxide production and interleukin (IL)-1β release in response to MSU in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-primed RAW 264.7 macrophages. DADS and DATS also attenuated enhanced expression of NLRP3 and its adapter protein, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, which was associated with downregulation of and caspase-1 p20 and IL-1β expression, suggesting that MSU-induced LRP3 inflammasome activation was counteracted by DADS and DATS. Furthermore, DADS and DATS blocked oxidative stress, an upstream event for NLRP3 inflammasome activation, as evidenced by the fact that they scavenged reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that DADS and DATS suppressed NLRP3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the ROS/NLRP3 pathway and that they have potential as treatments for NLRP3-dependent gouty arthritis.