• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.403-409
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• 2019

Free fatty acid (FFA) intake regulates blood pressure and vascular reactivity but its direct effect on contractility of systemic arteries is not well understood. We investigated the effects of saturated fatty acid (SFA, palmitic acid), polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA, linoleic acid), and monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA, oleic acid) on the contractility of isolated mesenteric (MA) and deep femoral arteries (DFA) of Sprague-Dawley rats. Isolated MA and DFA were mounted on a dual wire myograph and phenylephrine (PhE, $1-10{\mu}M$) concentration-dependent contraction was obtained with or without FFAs. Incubation with $100{\mu}M$ of palmitic acid significantly increased PhE-induced contraction in both arteries. In MA, treatment with $100{\mu}M$ of linoleic acid decreased $1{\mu}M$ PhE-induced contraction while increasing the response to higher PhE concentrations. In DFA, linoleic acid slightly decreased PhE-induced contraction while $200{\mu}M$ oleic acid significantly decreased it. In MA, oleic acid reduced contraction at low PhE concentration (1 and $2{\mu}M$) while increasing it at $10{\mu}M$ PhE. Perplexingly, depolarization by 40 mM KCl-induced contraction of MA was commonly enhanced by the three fatty acids. The 40 mM KCl-contraction of DFA was also augmented by linoleic and oleic acids while not affected by palmitic acid. SFA persistently increased alpha-adrenergic contraction of systemic arteries whereas PUFA and MUFA attenuated PhE-induced contraction of skeletal arteries. PUFA and MUFA concentration-dependent dual effects on MA suggest differential mechanisms depending on the types of arteries. Further studies are needed to elucidate underlying mechanisms of the various effects of FFA on systemic arteries.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제65권4호
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• pp.865-877
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• 2023

Thirty Hanwoo cattle including bulls, cows, and steers (n = 10 each) were slaughtered and investigated for carcass traits (weight, meat color, fat color, yield index, maturity, marbling score, back-fat thickness, and firmness) and meat quality. The meat quality such as: pH, color, cooking loss, fatty acid, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance, warner-bratzler shear force, tensile tests, and texture profiles were analyzed on longissimus lumborum (LL) muscles of the carcasses at different aging times (3 d and 21 d). The results showed that steers and cows had higher back-fat thickness and marbling score, and a lower firmness (p < 0.001) than bulls. Bulls exhibited a lower meat quality indicating by higher cooking loss, thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content, warner-bratzler shear force and tensile test values (p < 0.01). Regarding the sensory property, the bull meat also had higher hardness, and lower tenderness, juiciness and flavor scores than the cow or steer meat (p < 0.01). Additionally, the bull meat had a higher polyunsaturated fatty acid and a lower monounsaturated fatty acid contents (p < 0.01). With increased aging time, the meat tenderness was improved in all the genders. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that the gender and aging time affected the carcass traits, fatty acid and sensory quality of beef. Postmortem aging could improve the meat tenderness of all genders especially bulls.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.184-188
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• 2002

시료 달걀의 난황 속에는 올레산과 팔미트산이 가장 많이 함유되어 있었고, 저장 1, 2주에 그 함량이 최고점으로 도달 하였으며, 3주 때는 감소하였다. 일반란의 경우 저장기간이 길어질수록 팔미트산과 올레산은 증가 후 다시 감소하였고, 리놀레산은 증가하였다. 인삼란의 경우 팔미트산과 스테아르산이 감소 경향을 보였다. DHA란의 팔미트산과 올레산의 변화는 없었으나, 리놀레산이 증가하였다 감골란은 올레산이 급격히 감소의 경향을 보이는 반면, 팔미트산은 증가 후 감소의 경향을 반복하였다. 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 포화 지방산의 함량은 감소하고 불포화지방산의 함량은 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 구입 당시 모든 달걀에 나타나지 않았던 DHA가 저장기간 동안에 극미량 검출되었다. 한편, n-6/n-3 비율은 일반란이 저장 1~3주, 감골란은 구입 당시, DHA란은 저장 0~3주의 저장기간 동안 섭취 권장 범위에 해당되었다. 저장기간 동안 다중불포화지방산, 단일불포화지방산과 포화 지방산의 비 (P/M/S)가 DHA란은 변화가 없었고, 인삼란은 점차 증가하는 경향을 보였다. P/M/S비는 3주 저장한 일반란, 2주 저장한 인삼란과 0~3주 저장기간의 DHA란에서 적정권장 수준을 나타내었다.

• 한국어업기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국어업기술학회 2000년도 춘계수산관련학회 공동학술대회발표요지집
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• pp.381-381
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• 2000

Lectin binding assay was conducted on 3 A. tamarense isolates (AT-A, AT-2 and AT-6). Fatty acid composition of all 3 isolates was analyzed, and total carotenoid content and $\beta$-carotene were also determined. AT-A and AT-2 treated with different lectins in this study showed the positive response, whereas potentially toxic AT-6 did not bind DBA lectin, regardless of different growth phase, but conjugated ConA, PNA, RCA, SBA, UEA and WGA. It is possible that DBA is a desirable method for rapid and easy discrimination of highly toxic A. tamarense. AT-A, AT-2 and AT-6 comprised saturated fatty acids (49.0-61.9%), monounsaturated fatty acids (8.0-20.5%) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (23.2-30.5%). In particular, 22:6 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acid in AT-6 had a high abundance, compared with AT-A and AT-2. However, carotenoid content and $\beta$-carotene were not contributed to discriminate each isolate. Due to variability in biochemical composition at different isolates, possibly DBA and 22:6 (n-3) polyunsaturate fatty acid provide a good information for discrimination of AT-6.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.363-370
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• 2012

Some physicochemical characteristics like nutritional values, sugar content, and fatty acid composition (FAs) in fruits of four papaya (Carica papaya L.) cultivars ('Red Lady', 'Sunrise Solo', 'Tainung', and 'BH-65') grown under plastic greenhouse conditions in the Mediterranean region of Turkey were evaluated. The chemical characteristics, except acidity in the fruits, significantly varied among the cultivars. Nitrogen (N) was the most abundant mineral in all papaya cultivars and ranged from $0.80\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'Red Lady' to $1.28\;g{\cdot}100\;g^{-1}$ in 'BH-65' in fresh weight. Potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) were found the highest amount in dry weight. Glucose and fructose were identified as the main sugars in all cultivars. Sucrose was in trace amounts in the three cultivars, but not detectable in cultivar 'Red Lady'. Twenty-five FAs were detected in the papaya fruits. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be in a highest amounts compared to the saturated fatty acid (SFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs). Palmitic (C16:0), oleic (C18:1), and linoleic (C18:2n6) acids were the major fatty acids detected in all cultivars. The results of this study implied that dietary intake of papayas may supply substantial nutrient components necessary for human health.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권10호
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• pp.1546-1550
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• 2007

This study aimed to provide basic information as the foundation for further studies on the assessment of velvet antler quality by investigating the changes in fatty acid, vitamin A and E, minerals and GAGs contents by development stage of antler in spotted deer (Cervus nippon). Twelve stags (aged 4 to 5 years) were divided into two groups and velvet antler harvested 40 days (FDG) and 60 days (SDG) after casting of the buttons from the previous set. Total saturated fatty acid was lower in FDG than SDG (p<0.05). Total monounsaturated fatty acid, conjugated linoleic acid (p<0.05), polyunsaturated fatty acid and ${\omega}$3 fatty acid were higher in FDG than SDG. The vitamin A content of FDG was higher than that of SDG, but the vitamin E content of FDG was lower than that of SDG (p<0.05). SDG had significantly higher calcium and phosphate content than FDG (p<0.05). The magnesium content showed a similar trend to the contents of calcium and phosphate, but there was no significant difference between SDG and FDG. Uronic acid content was higher in FDG than SDG but there was no significant difference. The contents of GAGs and sialic acid were significantly higher (p<0.05) in FDG than SDG. These results indicated that the longer stage of antler development had lower content of activating components and this lead to a decrease of antler quality.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-68
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• 1996

The present study undertaken to investigate the interrelationship among their regular dietary fatty acid intake, body fat content(BFC), and plasma lipid fractions(PLF) of middle-aged Korean women. Forty-nine women (age 30 to 49) participated in this study in which the aim was to determine their total nutrient intake per day, BFC and PLF, and to analyse the intercorrelations of these. Strong correlation was seen among their body mass index, mid-upper-arm-circumference, and BFC which were positively correlated with plasma total lipids(TL) and triglycerides(TG). Dietary myristic acid and lauric acid were positively correlated with both total cholesterol(TC) and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) in plasma. Palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, and total monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) were negatively correlated with HDL-cholesterol(HDL-C). Although dietary total saturated fatty acid (SFA) was not correlated with TC and LDL-C, it was positively correlated with TL and TG in plasma. However, dieary n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in regular Korean diet was not correlated with any of lipid fractions in plasma which might be due to the high ratio of n-6/n-3 in their diet. From the above results, it was concluded that plasma lipid fractions were modulated by their dietary nutrients, especially the types of the fatty acids. Dietary SFA and MUFA intake not PUFA are strongly correlated with LDL-C and HDL-C in the Korean diet This may relate to the frequency of coronary heart disease in the age group.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.317-317
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• 2022

Seakso 5, a maize hybrid, was applied for variety in 2021 by Gangwon Agricultural Research and Extension Services in Korea. This variety was bred to produce a purple extract of com husk. It shows purple color in the husk and cob and contains abundant anthocyanins. In this study, to obtain basic data on purple com 'Seakso 5' husk extract (PCHE), a husk extract was prepared and the contents of vitamins, amino acids and fatty acids were analyzed. The Seakso 5 husks were extracted with 30% alcohol and concentrated, after adding dextrin to the concentrate, it was spray-dried to prepare an extract. The PCHE were analyzed for vitamins, amino acids, and fatty acids by referring to the Food Code. As a result, three types of vitamins were detected, and their contents were vitamin B₁ 0.14 mg/100g, vitamin B₂ 2.30 mg/100g, and vitamin C 11.32 mg/100g. A total of 15 amino acids were detected in the PCHE, including aspartic acid and glutamic acid, and the content of aspartic acid was the highest at 3.02 mg/g. Simultaneous analysis of fatty acids Among 37 types, saturated fatty acids were palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), monounsaturated fatty acids were oleic acid (C18:1(n-9)), polyunsaturated fatty acids were linoleic acid(C18:2(n-6)c) and a-Linolenic Acid (C18:3(n-3)) were detected. Among the detected fatty acids, the content of palmitic acid was the highest at 40.75 mg/100g. In the future, These analysis results will be used as reference data for temporary food ingredient applications by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권12호
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• pp.1686-1692
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• 2009

Garlic oil (GAR, Allium sativum L.) has been studied as a feed additive to improve animal production performance and decrease methane emission in ruminants. The present study was designed to determine the possible effect of GAR on fatty acid composition and accumulation in animal fat tissue using a cell model. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at $2{\times}10^{4}\;mL^{-1}$ were seeded to 24-well plates and allowed to proliferate to reach confluence. The cells were then treated with media containing 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$ of GAR during the differentiation period for 8 days. Media containing dexamethasone, methyl-isobutylxanthine and insulin was applied during the first 2 days of the early differentiation period. On day 8 sub-sets of the wells were stained with oil red-O and the remaining cells were harvested for determination of glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [EC 1.1.1.8] (GPDH) activity (n = 6) and cellular fatty acid concentration (n = 6). It was found that supplementation of GAR increased (p<0.05) the ratio of monounsaturated fatty acids/saturated fatty acids in the adipocytes and showed inhibitory effect (p<0.05) on the post-confluent proliferation. With relative low dosage, GAR (5-20 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$) increased (p<0.05) the GPDH activity without affecting the cellular fatty acid concentration, while a high dosage (40 $\mu{g}$ $mL^{-1}$) inhibited (p<0.05) fatty acid accumulation and decreased GPDH activity. Supplementation of GAR had an effect on cell post-confluent proliferation, differentiation and fatty acid accumulation. However, the effect may be diverse and depends on the dose applied.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제44권12호
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• pp.1806-1812
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• 2015

본 연구는 원산지와 근내지방도에 따른 소고기 등심 내 수분, 조단백, 조지방, 지방산 조성, 융점 및 지방산과 융점의 상관관계를 구명할 목적으로 국내산 한우고기 근내지방도 3, 5, 7 및 9에 대하여(근내지방도별 각각 20두씩) 총 80두와 수입산 소고기 30두(미국산 및 호주산 각각 15두)로부터 시료를 채취하였다. 조지방 함량은 한우 근내지방도 3, 5, 7 및 9와 미국산 및 호주산 소고기가 각각 11.91, 13.23, 17.03, 23.92, 8.36 및 4.47%로, 한우 근내지방도 9가 가장 높았고 호주산 소고기가 가장 낮았다. 단일불포화지방산(MUFA) 가운데 가장 많은 비율을 차지하는 oleic acid(C18:1n9)의 함량은 각각 44.92, 47.19, 46.23, 47.70, 43.70 및 38.28%를, MUFA/포화지방산(SFA)의 비율은 각각 1.15, 1.25, 1.22, 1.27, 1.10 및 0.86으로 조지방 함량과 같은 경향을 나타냈다. 각 소고기 시료에서 추출한 지방의 융점은 한우 근내지방도 9($27.4^{\circ}C$)가 가장 낮은 반면, 호주산 소고기($41.15^{\circ}C$)가 가장 높았다. 소고기 내의 myristic acid(C14:0), palmitic acid(C16:0), stearic acid(C18:0)와 같은 SFA와 총 SFA는 융점과 정(+)의(r=0.203, 0.279, 0.807 및 0.880) 관계를, palmitoleic acid(C16:1), oleic acid(C18:1n9)와 같은 MUFA와 총 MUFA는 융점과 부(-)의(r=-0.541, -0.857 및 -0.906)의 상관관계를 나타내었다. 결론적으로 소고기 내 지방 함량이 높을수록 지방산 조성에서 oleic acid(C18:1n9)의 함량이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 특히 한우고기의 근내지방도가 증가할수록 M/S의 비율이 증가하는 경향을 나타낸다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.