• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.33-43
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• 2010

The ultrastructure of germ cells during spermatogenesis and some characteristics of sperm morphology in male Mytilus coruscus, which was collected on the coastal waters of Gyeokpo in western Korea, were investigated by transmission electron microscope observations. The morphology of the spermatozoon has a primitive type and is similar to those of other bivalves in that it contains a short midpiece with five mitochondria surrounding the centrioles. The morphologies of the sperm nucleus type and the acrosome shape of this species have an oval and modified cone shape, respectively. In particular, the axial rod is observed between the nucleus and acrosome of the sperm. The spermatozoon is approximately $45-50{\mu}m$ in length including a sperm nucleus (about $1.46{\mu}m$ in length), an acrosome (about $3.94{\mu}m$ in length) and tail flagellum (approximately $40-45{\mu}m$). The axoneme of the sperm tail flagellum consists of nine pairs of microtubules at the periphery and a pair at the center. The axoneme of the sperm tail shows a 9+2 structure. Some special charateristics of sperm morphology of this species in the genus Mytilus are (1) acrosomal morphology, (2) the number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm, and (3) the existence of a satellite. The axial rod appears in the acrosome and sperm nucleus as one of the characteristics seen in several species of the subclass Pteriomorphia, unlikely the subclass Heterodonta containing axial filament instead of the axial rod. The number of mitochondria in the midpiece of the sperm of this species in the family Mytilidae are five, as one of common characteristics appeared in most species in the family Mytilidae. Most of Mytilus species contain a satellite body which is attached to the proximal centriole in the middle piece of the sperm, as one of common characteristics of sperm morphology in the family Mytilidae.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.103-113
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• 1996

The properties of the deposited film depend on the deposition condition and these, in turn depend critically on the morphology and crystal orientation of the films. Therefore, it is important to clarify the nucleation occurrence and growth stage of the morphology and orientation of the film affected by deposition parameters, e.g. the gas pressure and bias voltage etc. In this work, magnesium thin flims were prepared on cold-rolled steel substrates by a thermo-eletron activation ion plating technique. The influence of nitrogen gas pressure and substrate bias voltage on their crystal orientation and morphology of the coated films were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction, respectively. The diffraction peaks of magnesium film became less sharp and broadened with the increase of nitrogen gas pressure. With an increase in nitrogen gas pressure, flim morphology changed from colum nar to granular structure, and surface crystal grain-size decreased. The morphology of films depended not only on gas pressure but also on bias voltage, i.e., the effect of increasing bias voltage was similar to that of decreasing gas pressure. The effect of crystal orientation and morphology of magnesium films on corrosion behaviors was estimated by measuring anodic polarization curves in deaerated 3%NaCl solution. Magnesium, in general, has not a good corrosion resistance in all environments. However, these magnesium films prepared by changing nitrogen gas pressure showed good corrosion resistance. Among the films, magnesium films which exhibited granular structure had the highest corrosion resistance. The above phenomena can be explained by applying the effects of adsorption, occlusion and ion sputter of nitrogen gas.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.193-208
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• 2004

Morphology of injection molded polymer blend was investigated by experimental and theoretical approach. In experiments, the effects of injection speed and injection temperature on the morphology of injection molded MPPO/Nylon 6 blend were investigated. The morphology distribution across the part thickness was clearly observed in injection molded blend. We could observe several distinct regions across the thickness of molded part: skin layer, subskin layer and core region. The skin layer where the dispersed phase is fine and highly deformed to the flow direction is observed to be located near the part surface. The subskin layer located at inner region of the skin layer also observed. In the subskin layer, the dispersed phase is coarser than that of skin layer and deforms to the flow direction. Based on the experimental results, the calculation scheme to predict the morphology of injection molded polymer blend was suggested. The morphology of injection molded polymer blend could be predicted in corporation with the result of flow analysis obtained from commercial software for injection molding process and the theory of drop behavior under the flow. The suggested calculation scheme could predict the effect of injection conditions on the morphology of injection molded parts.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.144-152
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• 2004

With technological advances in automatic hematology analyzers, primary and screening differential counts of white blood cells (WBC) are done with automatic hematology analyzers. They are using different measurement and analysis principles, so differences in WBC differentials and WBC morphology flag exist. This study was carried out to analyze WBC differential counts and WBC morphology flags comparing them with the manual method. Patient EDTA samples in Vacutainer requested for WBC differentials were analyzed with XE-2100. And those samples with suspect flags messages index over 100 were selected and were analyzed with ADVIA-120. Peripheral blood smear film was subsequently made. Three investigators counted 200 cells each (600 cells) in 111 Wright-Giemsa stained blood films. Between two automatic hematology analyzers, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, and monocyte showed good correlations, but basophil had moderate correlation. Among automatic hematology analyzers and manual count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, and eosinophil had good correlations, but monocyte had moderate correlation. XE-2100 had higher monocyte, which was due to atypical lymphocyte and myeloblast. LUC in ADVIA-120 was not due to monocyte in XE-2100. Morphology flagging rates were 146.9% in XE-2100 and was 93.2% in ADVIA-120. Positive predictive values of morphology flag were 58.2% in XE-2100 and 54.4% in ADVIA-120. Flags such as atypical lymphocyte, immature granulocyte, and left shift had higher predictive values and those such as N-RBC, platelets clump, and blast had lower ones. Between automatic hematology analyzers, WBC differentials showed good correlations. Predictive values for morphology flags can be variable with changing criteria. Reviewing criteria for WBC differentials and morphology flags should be established in each laboratory with regards to size of laboratory and patients it serves.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.153-165
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• 1997

In male reproducible health, fertility and IVF (in-vitro fertilization), semen analysis has been most important. Semen analysis can be divided into concentration, motional and morphological analysis of sperm. The existing method which was developed earlier to analyze semen concentrated on the sperm motility analysis. To provide more useful and precise solutions for clinical problems such as infertility, semen analysis must include sperm morphological analysis. But the traditional tools for semen analysis are subjective, imprecise, inaccurate, difficult to standardize, and difficult to reproduce. Therefore, with the help of development of microcomputers and image processing techniques, we developed a new sperm morphology analyzer to overcome these problems. In this study the agreement on percent normal morphology was studied between different observers and a computerized sperm morphology analyzer on a slide-by-slide basis using strict criteria. Slides from 30 different patients from the SNUH andrology laboratory were selected randomly. Microscopic fields and sperm cells were chosen randomly and percent normal morphology was recorded. The ability of sperm morphology analyzer to repeat the same reading for normal and abnormal cells was studied. The results showed that there was no significant bias between two experienced observers. The limits of agreement were 4.1%${\sim}$-3.8%. The Pearson correlation coefficient between readers was 0.79. Between the manual and sperm morphology analyzer, the same findings were reported. In this experiments the slides were stained by two different methods, PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods. The limits of agreement were 7.2%${\sim}$-5.7% and 6.0%${\sim}$-6.3%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients ware 0.76 and 0.91, respectively. The limits of agreement was tighter below 20% normal forms. In the experiments of repeatability, 52 cells stained by PAP and Diff-Quik staining methods were analyzed three times in succession. Estimating pairwise agreement, the kappa statistic for the pairs were 0.76, 0.81, 0.86, and 0.75, 0.88, 0.88 respectively. In this study it was shown that there was good agreement between manual and computerized assessment of normal and abnormal cells. The repeatability and agreement per slide of computerized sperm morphology analyzer was excellent. The computer's ability to classify normal morphology per slide is promising. Based on results obtained, this system can be of clinical value both in andrology laboratories and IVF units.

• Proceedings of the Membrane Society of Korea Conference
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• 1996.04a
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• pp.55-56
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• 1996

Heterophase polymer system has been attractive for a potential applicability to gas separation membrane material. It has been known that there is a trade-off between gas permeability and its selectivity in common polymers. Therefore, the heterophase polymer can be an alternative for a gas separation membrane material because its transport properties can be readily controlled by blending of two different polymers. The transport properties of immiscible polymer blends strongly depend upon the intrinsic transport properties of corresponding polymers. Another important factor to determine the transport properties is their morphology: volume fraction, size and shape of dispersed phase. Although the effect of the volume fraction of the dispersed phase on the transport properties has been widely investigated, the size and shape effects have been paid attention very much. In an immiscible polymer blend of two polymers, its morphology is primarily controlled by its volume fraction of dispersed phase. Therefore, the effect of the size of the dispersed phase can be hardly seen. Therefore, a block copolymer has been commonly employed to control their morphology when each block is miscible with one or the other phase. In this work, gas transport properties will be measured by varying the morphology of the heterophase polymer membrane. The transport properties will be interpreted in terms of their morphology. The effect of the volume fraction of the PI phase and, in particular, its size effect will be investigated experimentally and theoretically.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.357-364
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of agitation, aeration and scale-up on the mycelial growth, exo-polysaccharide (EPS) production, and mycelial morphology in the liquid culture of Ganoderma lucidum. A correlation between roughness and operating variables was also studied to scale-up the liquid culture of G. lucidum in a jar fermenter. When the agitation speed or aeration rate increased, the morphological form was changed from rough pellet to smooth pellet form. Increase of the agitation and aeration reduced the mycelial roughness. On the other hand, in the case of pellet size, it was not affected by aeration. The higher EPS production was obtained at approximately 17% of roughness and mycelial pellet size of 3~5 mm. The morphology at each fermenter was closely correlated with kLa value, and it was found that similarity of morphology would be used as a criteria of scale-up for liquid culture of G. lucidum.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.385-392
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• 1994

The morphology variat~on of diamond thin films, grown by microwave plasma chem~cal vapor deposition, was investigated. With increasing substrate temperature from $550^{\circ}C$ to $750^{\circ}C$, the film morphology was changed from {111} to {100}, and then to cauliflower. The nondiamond components in the film increased with increasing temperature. Micro Raman spectrum suggested that the nondiamond components might exist along the boundaries of d~amond particles. The texture of diamond films, analyzed by X-ray diffraction, was varied from random orientation to <100> , and finally to <110> with increasing substrate temperature.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.707-718
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• 2001

Polypropylene (PP) exhibits many beneficial properties such as low density high thermal stability, chemical resistance, good processability and recyclability. However, only limited research has been done on expanded polypropylene (EPP). In this study, we were trying to prepare EPP with chemical blowing agent. Ethylene-octene copolymer (mPE) was melt blended with PP to enhance melt fluidity of PP at processing temperature and to make more flexible foamed material. Prior to foaming, phase morphology of PP/mPE blends were investigated to examine the effect of phase morphology on the foaming ratio and cell structure of foams. Phase morphology of PP/mPE blends were affected by the content of mPE and mixing torque ratio. At the same composition, it was affected by mixing rpm. High blowing ratio and stable cell structure were obtained in the blend which has the continuous PP matrix with dispersed droplets of mPE.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1170-1177
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• 1997

Morphology is a shape preseving filter. Several morphology filter can be made by the combination of morphological basic operation. If we use morphology filter in decimation process for a hierarchical encoder, there are some advantagesin reduction aliasing effects. In this paper, we propose a new hierarchical coder with morphological filtering and vector quantization. And then, firstly, we confirm that CO filtering is the best one among the 4 kinds of morphology filters to reduce aliasing effects in Laplacian pyramid transmission proposed by Burt. Secondly, the those two coders was compared. The results of our simulation show that our new coder surpasser the Laplacian pyramid especially in complex images.