• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2020

In this paper, we introduce motion artifact reduction algorithm for interleaved MRI using an advanced 3D approximation algorithm. The motion artifact framework of this paper is data corrected by post-processing with a new 3-D approximation algorithm which uses data structure for each voxel. In this study, we simulate and evaluate our algorithm using Shepp-Logan phantom and T1-MRI template for both scattered dataset and uniform dataset. We generated motion artifact using random generated motion parameters for the interleaved MRI. In simulation, we use image coregistration by SPM12 (https://www.fil.ion.ucl.ac.uk/spm/) to estimate the motion parameters. The motion artifact correction is done with using full dataset with estimated motion parameters, as well as use only one half of the full data which is the case when the half volume is corrupted by severe movement. We evaluate using numerical metrics and visualize error images.

• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2001년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(5)
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• pp.199-202
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose new method of signal processing for the Pulse Oximeter for resistant motion artifact. When measure Oxygen saturation, today Pulse Oximeter is low reality because of patient moving, and it low difficult to filtering because of overlap Oxygen saturation and motion artifact. For we measure high reality Oxygen saturation, we reduces motion artifact. In this paper, we Propose and simulate method of signal processing for the Pulse Oximeter for resistant motion artifact.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.543-549
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• 2013

자율신경계 및 중추신경계 반응 신호는 취득 시 피험자의 움직임이 있는 경우 노이즈가 첨가되어 의도한 분석이 불가능하게 될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 생리신호 취득시 피험자의 영상을 동시에 촬영 및 분석하고 움직임을 감지하여, 생리신호의 노이즈 구간을 정의하는 방법을 제안한다. 움직임 감지를 위해 시계열에서 영상 프레임간 1차 미분하고 임계치 이상 움직임이 발생했을 때를 해당 신호의 노이즈 발생 구간으로 정의하였다. 또한, 영상을 사용하지 않는 방법으로써, 수집된 신호를 주기 단위로 분석하여 길이와 높이를 특징으로 한 정상 신호를 2차원 가우시안 확률밀도함수로 모델화하여, 신호의 훼손 구간을 정의하는 방법을 제안한다. 두 방법으로 정의된 훼손 구간은 가우시안 함수를 기반으로 보간하였다. 광혈류량 신호에 적용한 결과, 심전도 신호에서 추출된 평균 심박간격에 가까운 수치로 복원됨을 확인하였다. 또한, 영상기반 방법은 정상구간을 훼손구간으로, 신호기반 방법은 훼손구간을 정상구간으로 잘못 인식하는 경우가 나타남을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회논문지:시스템및제어부문D
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• 제52권10호
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• pp.598-605
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose the method that separates PPG signal and motion artifact signal from two input signals using new independent component analysis algorithm in time domain. In order to eliminate the large level artifact efficiently, block interleaving. lowpass time filtering and innovation processing technique were applied in ICA preprocessing, and FastICA algorithm were applicable. Experiments are made with the numerical simulation and the real PPG signal including four kinds of motion artifact pattern. Our results show that ICA can effectively detect, separate and remove motion artifact in input signals. Then from the separated signals we restore the original PPG signal and propose a new method which computes SpO$_2$ using ICA mixing matrix.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.137-141
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• 2017

The indirect-contact bio-electric measurements using capacitive electrodes show large motion artifacts in comparison with conventional direct-contact measurements. It is necessary to measure the motion artifacts quantitatively, for the researches of reducing the motion artifacts. In this study, a device for quantitative measurement of motion artifacts was built. Using the device, an electrode was rubbed against some cloth(cotton) and the voltage variation of the electrode was measured as motion artifact in several environmental conditions(temperature and relative humidity). The measured waveforms agreed with that expected by the triboelectricity and the prior observations of the motion artifacts. Therefore, the results demonstrated the usability of the measurement system built in this study. The measurement system will be a great contribution to future research for reducing motion artifact.

• 센서학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.71-78
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• 2016

PPG signal measured by pulse oximeter can measure pulse and the oxygen saturation of arterial blood. But the PPG signal is distorted by finger movement or other movement in the body. To detect pulse from the PPG signal with motion artifact, we use band pass filter(BPF), Independent component analysis(ICA) and nonlinear autocorrelation(NAC). BPF is used to remove DC component and high frequency noise in the PPG signal with motion artifacts. ICA is used to separate pulse signal and motion artifact. However, pulse signal separated by ICA have no choice but to accompany signal distortion because pulse signal and motion artifact are not completely independent. So, we use nonlinear autocorrelation to emphasize the pure pulse signal from the distorted signal.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 1997

MRI의 artifact는 대부분 신호의 부호화 방향에 따라서 방향성을 가지는데, 이를 요약해보면, 위상부호화 방향의 artifact에는 motion artifact, flow artifact, RF noise등이 있고, 주파수 부호화 방향의 artfact는 susceptibility artfact, chemical shift artifact, central line artifact등이 있으며, 양방향 모두 생길수 있는 것은 Aliasing artifact와 Gibb's phenomenon이고, 전체적으로 영샹의 질을 떨어뜨리는 것은 susceptibility artifact, Eddy current, cross talk등이 있다. 이런 artifact는 대부분은 MRI 자체의 물리적 특성에 다소간 기인하므로, artifact가 없는 양호한 영상을 얻기 위해서는 MRI의 설치 단계부터 관심이 필요하고, MRI의 기본원리와 다양한 artifact에 대해 이해함으로써, 제거 가능한 artifact는 제거하여 양질의 영상을 만들고 판독시의 오류를 피할 수 있도록 해야할 것이다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.1780-1787
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• 2014

Arterial oxygen saturation ($SpO_2$) monitoring for newborns requires special attention in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Newborns have very low photo-plethysmogram (PPG) amplitudes and their body movements are difficult to contain. Hardware design and its associated signal processing algorithms should be robust enough so that faulty measurements can be avoided. In this study, improved designs were implemented to deal with low perfusion, motion artifact, and the influence of ambient light. Dynamic range was increased by using different LED intensities and a feedback system. To minimize the effects of motion artifact and to discard other unqualified data, four additional algorithms were used, which were based on dual-trace detection, continuity of DC level, morphology of PPG, and simultaneity check of $SpO_2$. Our $SpO_2$ system was tested with newborns with normal respiration in the NICU. Our system provided fast, real-time responses and 100% artifact detection was accomplished under 84% of $SpO_2$.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Respiration rate is one of the important vital signs. Photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement especially on a finger has been widely used in pulse oximetry and also used in estimating respiration rate. It is well known that PPG contains respiration-induced intensity variation (RIIV) signal. However, the accuracy of finger PPG method has been controversial. We introduced a new technique of enhancing motion artifact by respiration. This was achieved simply by measuring PPG on the thorax. We examined the accuracy of these two PPG methods by comparing with two existing methods based on thoracic volume and nostril temperature changes. PPG sensing on finger tip, which is the most common site of measurement, produced 6.1 % error. On the other hand, our method of PPG sensing on the thorax achieved 0.4 % error which was a significant improvement. Finger PPG is sensitive to motion artifact and it is difficult to recover fully small respiratory signal buried in waveform dominated by absorption due to blood volume changes. Thorax PPG is poor to represent blood volumes changes since it contains substantial motion artifact due to respiration. Ironically, this inferior quality ensures higher accuracy in terms of respiration measurement. Extreme low-cost and small-sized LED/silicon detector and non-constrained reflection measurement provide a great candidate for respiration estimation in ubiquitous or personal health monitoring.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.844-853
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• 2015

Recently, according to change of lifestyle and increase of concerning in health, needs of the smart clothing based on the vital sign monitoring have increased. Along with this trend, smart clothing for ECG monitoring has been studied various way as textile electrode, clothing design and so on. Smart clothing for ECG monitoring can become a comfortable system which enables continuous vital sign monitoring in daily use. But, smart clothing for ECG monitoring has a weakness on artifact during motion. One of the motion artifact caused by shifting of the electrode position was affected skin change by motion. The aim of this study was to suggest electrode locations for clothing of ECG monitoring to reduce of motion artifacts. Therefore, change of skin surface during the movement were measured and analyzed in order to find location to minimize motion artifacts in ECG monitoring clothing by 3D motion capture. For the experiment, the subjects consisted of 5 males and 5 females in their 20' with average physique. As a result, the optimal location for ECG monitoring was deducted under the bust line and scapula which have least motion artifact. These locations were abstracted to be least affected by movement in this research.