• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.896-901
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• 2006

Zingiberis rhizoma(ZB) has been used to treat a various condition and disease in traditional oriental medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect of aqueous-extracted ZB(ZBE) on methotrexate (MTX)-induced immune suppression in mouse spleen cells. In spleen cell proliferation assay, ZBE enhanced mitogenic activity in mouse spleen cells. In RT-PCR, ZBE induced IL-2, IFNr and IL-6 cytokine gene expression in mouse spleen cells. In spite of MTX treatment, IL-2, IFNr and IL-6 gene expressions sustained in MTX treated spleen cells. CD45R/B220, pan B marker was slightly increased in ZBE treated mouse spleen cells. IL-6, B cell tropical cytokine, production was induced by ZBE-treated mouse spleen cells and IL-6 production was sustained on MTX-ZBE co-cultured cells. ZBE administration enhanced suNival of S-180 bearing mouse. These data indicate that ZBE has a protective effect of immune suppression caused by MTX, and ZBE may be enhance cellular and humoral function by regulate cytokine gene expression as well as the mitogenic effect on spleen cells.

• Journal of Preventive Veterinary Medicine
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.177-181
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• 2018

Disulfiram is a drug used to treat alcohol dependence. Recent studies have shown that disulfiram also has anti-cancer effects. Considering that many anti-cancer agents have side effects, including immunosuppression, it is important to check if disulfiram has some cytotoxicity to immune cells. In this study, mouse spleen cells were treated with disulfiram and the metabolic activity was measured. Disulfiram increased the cell death of spleen cells according to annexin V-FITC/PI staining analysis. In addition, disulfiram decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential of spleen cells. The toxicity of disulfiram was concentration dependent. Interestingly, disulfiram affected the population of lymphocytes and the subset of spleen cells was altered. This study provides clinicians and researchers with valuable information regarding the toxicity of disulfiram to mouse spleen cells, particularly lymphocytes.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.63 no.1
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• pp.2.1-2.7
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• 2023

Fenbendazole (FBZ) is a benzimidazole anthelmintic widely used to treat parasitic infections. The anticancer effect of FBZ has been recently highlighted leading to its consideration as a potential anticancer agent. Although previous studies have demonstrated the effect of FBZ on cancer cells, there is a paucity of studies on the effect of FBZ on lymphoma cells and normal immune cells. Herein, we investigated the effects of FBZ on a mouse lymphoma cell line, EL-4 cells, and spleen cells, using vincristine as a positive control. The cellular metabolic activity of EL-4 cells was decreased by FBZ, but that of the spleen cells was not decreased. Moreover, FBZ reduced the mitochondrial membrane potential and induced reactive oxygen species production in EL-4 cells, but not in spleen cells. FBZ induced G2/M phase arrest and increased the sub G0/G1 phase ratio, indicating apoptosis. Furthermore, compared to the control cells, the reactivity of spleen cells pretreated with FBZ to lipopolysaccharide was maintained. In summary, FBZ is cytotoxic to EL-4 cells, but not to spleen cells. This study provides experimental evidence that FBZ exerts an anticancer effect, and less cytotoxic effects and functional damage to normal spleen cells.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.163-170
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• 1986

Balb/c mouse spleen cells in vitro sensitized against ICR spleen cells were cultured in conditioned media(CM). The CM was produced by ICR spleen cells stimulated with Concanavalin-A(Con-A), and sensitized lymphoid cells were grown in CM. ICR mouse spleen cells were appeared to be a good generator of IL-2. Optimal growth was seen in growth medium containing 20% fetal calf serum. and 25% CM. When cultures were initiated at 1, 5, $10{\times}10^4\;cells/ml$, the cells were increased in numbers by about 20, 13, 5-fold, respectively, every 9 days. Such growth pattern was sustained for about 4-6 weeks and thereafter the cell growth was diminished gradually. Direct immunofluorescence indicated that 93% of the lymphoid cells grown in CM(for 10 days) expressed Thyl surface antigen. And the cells grown in CM were cytotoxic to the sesitizing ICR mouse spleen cells though cytotoxicity level was not high. According to these results, the cells grown in CM were considered to be cytotoxic T lymphocytes. The lymphoid cells grown for 20 days were nearly unresponsive to Con-A and therefore dependent only IL-2 to be used for IL-2 assay.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.186-201
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• 2001

Purpose ; In order to study the effect of Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B 16 and immunity in mice, the Control group with normal saline acupunchure after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells, the Sample I with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by distilled water extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells and the Sample II with Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture manufactured by alcohol extraction method after subcutaneous inoculation of B16BL6 cells were divided. Methods ; To evauluate the effect of Houttuynias herbal acupuncture on growth of melanoma B16 in mice, the weight of mouse melanoma, body weight, spleen index( $\sqrt(Weight of spleen/Body weight){\times}100$), lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue, the percentage of CD4+ T cells, CD8+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue are measured. Results ; In study of the weight of mouse melanoma, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) showed statistically significant inhibitory effect. And in study of effect of reduction of change in body weight of mouse, Sample I showed statistically significant inhibitory effect, too. In study of reduction of spleen index, lymphocytes numbers in mouse spleen tissue, and the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II ) showed with statistically significant inhibitory effect. Also, Sample I showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD8+ T cells in mouse peripheral blood and spleen tissue and Sample II showed inhibitory effect of reduction of the percentage of CD4+ and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ T cells in mouse spleen tissue with statistical significance. Conclusions ; The inhibitory effect of reduction of lymphocytes numbers in mouse peripheral blood and IL-2 productivity, Houttuyniae herbal acupuncture groups(Sample I, Sample II) didn't show significant effect.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.160-163
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• 2006

A total number of 31 types of seaweed were assessed with regard to their effects on the proliferation of mouse spleen and thymus cells in a culture, using an MTT reduction assay. Acetone:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts of three seaweed plants: Derbesia marina, Sargassum sp., and Hisikia fuziformis, exhibited significantly positive effects on the survival of mouse spleen and thymus cells in vitro. The acetone:dichloromethane (1:1) extracts of Sargassum sp., in particular, much more potent effects on thymus cell activation than did any of the other types of seaweed. However, the methanol extracts of Sargassum ringgoldianium and Chondrus crispus exerted a stimulatory influence only on the proliferation of mouse spleen cells, whereas the methanol extracts of Grateloupia lanceolata exhibited significant cell proliferation properties in both spleen and thymus cells.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.59 no.2
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• pp.75-80
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• 2019

Enrofloxacin, a fluoroquinolone, is a broad-spectrum antibiotic widely used in veterinary medicine that inhibits the action of bacterial DNA gyrase, resulting in anti-bacterial effects. This study was performed to examine whether enrofloxacin has modulatory and anti-inflammatory activity on immune cells. A few studies have reported the anti-inflammatory effects of enrofloxacin. In this study, we used mouse spleen cells treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and examined the effects of enrofloxacin. Several assays were performed in LPS-treated spleen cells after the enrofloxacin treatment. Enrofloxacin inhibited the metabolic activity and mitochondrial membrane potential of LPS-treated spleen cells significantly. On the other hand, enrofloxacin did not alter the proportion of the subsets in spleen cells, and did not induce cell death. The production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in LPS-treated spleen cells was inhibited by enrofloxacin. Overall, enrofloxacin had modulatory activity in spleen cells treated with LPS. These data may broaden the use of enrofloxacin as an antibiotic with anti-inflammatory activity in veterinary clinics.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.109-114
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• 2011

Dendritic cells have been known as a member of strong innate immune cells against infectious organelles. In this study, we evaluated the cytokine expression of splenic dendritic cells in chronic mouse toxoplasmosis by tissue cyst-forming Me49 strain and demonstrated the distribution of lymphoid dendritic cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-$1{\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and IL-10 increased rapidly at week 1 post-infection (PI) and peaked at week 3 PI. Serum IL-10 level followed the similar patterns. FACS analysis showed that the number of $CD8{\alpha}^+/CD11c^+$ splenic dendritic cells increased at week 1 and peaked at week 3 PI. In conclusion, mouse splenic dendritic cells showed early and rapid cytokine changes and may have important protective roles in early phases of murine toxoplasmosis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.111-120
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• 2001

The pathological aspects of purified ricin from the seeds of the castor oil plant, Ricinus communis, were examined, using light and transmission electron microscopy. ICR mice were exposed to ricin by peritoneal injection with 100 ng/1 $m\ell$ PBS(pH 7.0) mouse and histological observations on the liver, spleen, thymus, lung and heart were carried out at intervals up to 48 h after exposures. All the organs examined were damaged by ricin. Among the organs, the spleen and thymus; immune organs were the most sensitive to ricin, whereas the effect delayed in the liver, lung and heart. Furthermore, the immune cells in each organ were the most sensitive to ricin. Accordingly, the effect of ricin on the organs seems to be affected by the immune cells existed in each organ, In each organ, the immune cells showed apoptotic changes, while the capillary endothelial and parenchymal cells showed necrotic changes.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1995

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of petroleum ether extract of Euonymus alatus (EAP) on the proliferation of human tumor cells. EAP inhibited the proliferation of HeLa, Hep G2, KHOS/NP and A431 cells. The cytotoxicity of doxorubicin on human tumor cells and Balb/c 3T3 cells were increased by the combination of EAP. EAP did not affect the proliferation of Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse spleen cells and human lymphocytes. These results suggest that EAP has the cytotoxicity on human tumor cells without cytotoxicity on Balb/c 3T3 cells, mouse spleen cells and human lymphocytes, and increase the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin.