• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.147-152
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• 2013

PURPOSE. A survey was performed to identify the level of mouthguard use, awareness, wearability issues and attitude toward mouthguard among elite Korean Taewondo athletes. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Survey questionnaires were given to 152 athletes participating in the Korea National Taekwondo team selection event for the 2010 Guangzhou Asian Games. Questionnaires consisted of three sections, mouthguard awareness, reasons for not wearing mouthguard and the last section to test the level of acceptance on current mouthguard and when the identified problems were resolved. For analyzing difference among response, ${\chi}^2$ test was used and significant level (${\alpha}$) was set up as 0.05. RESULTS. Responses in each of items showed significant difference (P<.001). Majority of response regarding each question: Majority of respondents believed that mouthguard were effective in preventing injuries (36.4%) but the result suggested that the provision of information on mouthguard to athletes was inadequate (44.0%) and the result showed that respondents were not greatly interested or concerned in relation to the mandatory mouthguard rule (31.6%). Although the responses on the level of comfort and wearability of mouthguard were negative (34.8%), athletes were positively willing to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified (51.2%). CONCLUSION. Considering the high level of willingness to wear mouthguard if the problems rectified, it is thought that together with efforts in providing more mouthguard information, the work of sports dentistry to research and improve mouthguard will be invaluable in promoting mouthguard to more athletes.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.537-548
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• 2006

Statement of problem : The use of mouthguard is important as the leisure life is popular today. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of a mouthguard on stress distribution in teeth, maxilla and mandible for maxilla impact. Material and methods: The 3-dimensional finite element model was based on a CT scan film of an average korean adult when the subject is using a customized mouthguard which was made with the Signature Mouthguard system of Dreve. The load was applied to the upper central incisor cervical area parellel impact force for 0.1sec(L1). The Von-mises stress analysis with a mouthguard and without a mouthguard was compared. Results: The results of this study were as follows: 1. Without the mouthguard, stress was concentrated on teeth and alveolar bone in all load conditions. 2. With the mouthguard. maximum stress value was decreased and stress was dispersed in all load conditions. 3. Stress extinction with the mouthguard was faster than without the mouthguard in all load conditions. Conclusion: We acknowledged that the mouthguard has a stress buffer effect as the maximum stress value was decreased and stress was dispersed when impact force was applied.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

This study examined the effects of the occlusal stability and a partial coverage mouthguard on physical fitness and motor capacity to determine the importance of the occlusal stability as a possible action mechanism of mouthguards on physical performance. Twenty physical education students were included for measurements of their handgrip strength, back strength, whole body reaction time, flexibility, sidestep test, stork stand test and jumping test according to the following 5 different occlusal conditions: mouth closed position without a mouthguard, with a full coverage mouthguard, with a right partial coverage mouthguard, with a left partial coverage mouthguard and with anterior partial mouthguard. The results revealed no significant difference in any of the measured physical factors between the occlusal conditions with and without a full-coverage mouthguard. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed in whole body reaction between the occlusal conditions with and without the partial coverage mouthguards. Therefore, isokinetic muscle tests on both knee joints and the Wingate anaerobic power test should be performed under the following five occlusal conditions: with or without full-coverage maxillary custom-made mouthguard, with a unilateral right or left partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard and with an anterior partial-coverage maxillary mouthguard. These results suggest that the partial coverage mouthguard had a short-term beneficial effect on agility rather than full coverage mouthguard.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.339-347
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• 2018

Conventional mouthguard fabrication process which consists of elastomeric impression taking and followed gypsum model making is changing into intraoral scanning and dental model printing with 3D printer. In addition, new 3D printing materials for mouthgurad, 3D Computer-Aided Design(CAD) software for dental appliance, evaluation of a virtual dentoalveolar model for testing virtually 3D designed mouthguard, and lightweight sensor technology will lead dental professionals to the new era of Sports Dentistry, including information technology integrated custom mouthguard fabrication and creating value with analytic data acquired from sensors in mouthguard.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.534-545
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• 2007

Statement of problem: In spite of increasing sports injury, there was no collected data on the rate and type of dental injuries for athletes in Korea. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of maxillofacial injuries and attitude of college sports player in Korea towards mouthguard. Material and methods: Total 617 athletes answered a series of questionnaire concerning their sports injury and using mouthguard. Results: 1. 81%(502) of athletes had, playing or training a sports, suffered an injury. Female athletes suffered an injury more than male athletes(p<0.05). Contact sports athletes were injured more than non contact sports athletes(p<0.05). 2. 335 athletes(54.8%) had suffered maxillofacial injuries while playing or training. 81.8% of athletes suffered an maxillofacial injury in contact sports(p<0.05). 3. Laceration of oral area, wrick in neck, fracture or avulsion on upper incisors, concussion, TMJ injury, fracture or avulsion on lower incisors, fracture or avulsion on lower molars were frequently injured area. 4. 67.2% of athletes answered that mouthguard could prevent sports injury especially high in contact sports(p<0.05). But only 39.1% of athletes required mouthguard while playing. 44.6% of athletes showed their intention of using mouthguard. Conclusion: This study shows that the incidence of maxillofacial injuries is very high while the actual use of mouthguard is very low. To prevent sports injury, a dentist must inform sports players and coaches of accurate information about mouthguard so that they can use it well. A dentist also has to provide them with better mouthguard on the basis of user's complaint.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.11
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• pp.700-712
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• 2020

The conventional mouthguard fabrication process consists of elastomeric impression taking and followed gypsum model making is now into intraoral scanning and direct mouthguard 3D printing with an additive manufacturing process. Also, dental professionals can get various diagnostic data collection such as facial scans, cone-beam CT, jaw motion tracking, and intraoral scan data to superimpose them for making virtual patient datasets. To print mouthguards, dental CAD software allows dental professionals to design mouthguards with ease. This article shows how to make 3D printed mouthguard step by step.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.56 no.6
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• pp.324-332
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• 2018

A mouthguard is a protective device normally worn on the upper jaw, to reduce injures to the teeth, jaws and surrounding soft tissues. It has a definite role in preventing injuries to the teeth and face and for this reason it is strongly recommended for all sporting activities where there is a risk of trauma to the teeth and associated structures. Mouthguards can be effective in reducing impact force to the teeth, and attributed to enhancement of postural control and muscle performance during teeth clenching. Although there is evidence that mouthguards reducing impact force to the teeth, and prevent orofacial trauma occurrence during sport practice, the influence of this device on athletic performance has not been systematically quantified. Nevertheless, wearing a dentally fitted laminated mouthguard of at least 3 mm thickness can be strongly recommended during sport practice.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.249-259
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate the mouthguard awareness and educational needs for coping methods of oral and maxillofacial trauma in physical education department students. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed by 250 male students in gyeonggido and Jeonbuk province from June, to August, 2015. survey was conducted from June to August, 2015. The students were those who played taekwondo, football, and kendo. Except incomplete answers, 229 data were analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of general characteristics of the students, awareness and use of mouthguards, and educational needs for coping methods for oral and maxillofacial injuries. The Cronbach alpha of mouthguard awareness was 0.838, and that of educational needs for coping methods for oral and maxillofacial injuries was 0.843 in the study. Results: Those who wore mouthguards tended to have higher score of awareness and the demand of coping methods for oral and maxillofacial injuries was higher than those who did not. Those who had higher awareness of mouthguards and oral health maintained their good oral health. Conclusions: The mouthguard is very important to protect from the oral and maxillofacial injuries in sports play, it is important to emphasize the mouthguard wearing in the physical education department students.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.405-417
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• 2010

Previous studies have already shown that mouthguard is effective in protecting jaw bone, teeth and oral tissue against sports trauma. However, other than severe trauma, repetitive force, such as disorders like clenching, cause teeth or oral tissue damage. These kinds of disorders usually present pathologic attrition in the posterior teeth, resorption in alveolar bone, loss of teeth and destruction of occlusion. Wearing a mouthguard is believed to be effective in preventing these disorders. But its effect is not examined thoroughly enough. The purpose of this study is to identify whether mouthguard is effective in reducing strain caused by clenching. Mandibular first molars in the normal occlusal relationship without any history of dental treatment were chosen. Biaxial type strain gauge was placed on the buccal surface of the tooth. Having maximum occlusal force, measured by load cell, as a standard, clenching intensity were divided into three stages; moment of slightly tooth contact, medium bite force (50% of maximum bite force), maximum bite force. Strain occurring in dentition in each stage with and without mouthguard was measured. Changes in strain (on dentition) between each stage and difference in strain, between with or without mouthguard were recorded by PCD-300 analyzer and PCD-30 soft ware. The data was statistically analyzed by Wilcoxon signed rank test. The following results were drawn; Without mouthguard, strain given on dentition increased as the clenching force increased. With mouthguard, strain given on dentition also increased as the clenching force increased. With mouthguard, strain decreased, in all cases of clenching force stages. Data on the moment of slightly tooth contact stage, had no statistical significance. However, with mouthguard, 50-90% of decrease in strain could be obtained in maximum occlusal force, compared to the group without mouthguard. Mouthguard decreased the strain on the dentition, caused by clenching. Therefore, mouthguard seems to be effective in preventing damage on dentition, by acting against clenching, which occurs both consciously and unconsciously during sports activities.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2012

With today's heightened interest in quality of life, leisure and sports activities were popular in the general public. Accordingly, the incidence of oral and maxillofacial injury are also rising. Use of a mouth protector to prevent the trauma of the oral and maxillofacial region is growing in importance, and among the mouth protector the mouthguard is the most commonly used. Mouthguard has been suggested to protect injuries by (1) preventing tooth injuries by absorbing and deflecting blows to the teeth; (2) shielding the lips, tongue, and gingival tissues from laceration; (3) preventing opposing teeth from coming into violent contact; (4) providing the mandible with resilient support, which absorbs an impact that might fracture the unsupported angle or condyle of the mandible; (5) preventing neck and cerebral brain injuries. Although mouthguard is effective for prevention of oral and maxillofacial injury, it is not widespread to athletes or general public and they are lack of awareness about the importance of mouthguard. We present the types and materials of mouthguard, things to consider when mouthguard fabrication, and the usage. This should be helpful in awareness about the importance and popularization of mouthguard.