• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.119-121
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• 2007

The tyrosinase inhibition activity and mutagenicity as assessed by the Ames test on phenolic antioxidants (5-Caffeoyl quinic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxy cinnamic acid, Quercetin 3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranose, Kaempferol 3-O-${\beta}$- D-glucopyranose) and the ethyl acetate fraction isolated from mulberry leaves were examined. The ethyl acetate fraction and chlorogenic acid exhibited weaker tyrosinase inhibitory activities than kojic acid. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction from mulberry leaves, containing phenolic antioxidants, showed no mutagenicity by the Ames test.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.249-255
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• 2017

BACKGROUND: Globally, mulberry (Morus sp.) is exploited for feeding leaf to silkworms in order to obtain silk fiber or for animal feedstock production. Also, mulberry fruit is known to a by-product that was produced from mulberry tree after harvesting leaves for silkworm rearing, as a yield and consumption of mulberry fruit was increased, it has been fixing to a newincome crop. Mulberry leaves and fruits are used for the health benefits of human beings. Mulberry contains various bioactive components, such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Mulberry flavonoids are an important part of the diet because of their effects on human nutrition. The flavonoids in mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang'(Morus alba L.) were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Flavonoids for mulberry leaf and fruit of 'Suhyang' were analysed using ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS)technique. An UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS system was used, and identification of mulberry leaves constituents was carried out on the basis of the complementary information obtained from LC spectra, MS ions, and MS/MS fragments. The mulberry leaf (16 flavonoids) and fruit (9 flavonoids) were isolated and analyzed from Suhyang using UPLC-DAD-QTOF/MS chromatogram. To the best of our knowledge, Quercetin 3-O-(6"-O-malonyl) glucoside and quercetin 3-O-rutinoside (rutin) was detected on the highest content in leaf and fruit, respectively and further research will be devoted to evaluate their biological activity. CONCLUSION: Obtaining information about the concentration of functional materials in mulberry leaves could contribute to the development and promotion of processed, functional products and offer possible industrial use of 'Suhyang', holding promises to enhance the overall profitability of sericulture.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.27-35
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the mineral content in the regional, varietal and seasonal mulberry leaves. On average, mulberry leaf samples contained minerals in the order of potassiumi phosphorus, calcium, magnesium, iron and so on (2.494 g/100 g, 2.255 g/100 g, 1.835 g/100 g, 0.627 g/100 g, 0.0245 g/100 g DW, respectively). Calcium content was 19-fold and 4-fold higher than that of green tea and spinach, respectively, suggesting that mulberry loaves appear to be a calcium-rich food source. In the comparison of geographic samples of Cheongilppong variety, calcium bevel was highest in Youngchun sample (2.477 g/100 g) and highest potassium level in Suwon sample (2.962 g/100 g). In the geographic samples of YK209 variety, Jinju-City sample was highest in calcium content (1.509 g/100 g). Among wild mulberry loaves collected from Cheju Island and Tsushima, potassium level was highest in Bongge-dong, Cheiu City (3.865 g/100 g) and calcium level in Mitshshima Town, Tsushima (2.948 g/100 g). In the comparison of varietal samples collected in Suwon at the mulberry field of Dept. of Sericulture & entomology, Shinkwangppong variety was highest in the potassium levels although Keryangppong and Shinkwangppong were higher in calcium revel. In the comparison of seasonal samples of Cheongilppong, there was a rough trend of increase in some minerals up to July (e.g., calcium rind )potassium). Finding of the highest calcium and potassium contents in the wild mulberry (3.865 g/100 g and 2.948 g/100 g, respectively) rather than in the cultivated ones warrant that more focus should be paid to wild mulberry leaves to utilize their minerals effciently.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2023

Mulberry exhibits unique characteristics and functionalities across various components, including the roots, branches, leaves, and fruits. However, despite numerous studies on mulberry, research on this plant at the seedling stage is insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the suitability for seedling cultivation and antioxidant effects of four Korean mulberry cultivars, namely, Daesim, Suhong, Simgang, and Cheongsu. In terms of seed weight, germination rate, and growth rate, Daesim was the most suitable cultivar for seedling production. Polyphenol and flavonoid content analysis showed that all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, showed the highest phenolic content at the 2-week seedling stage. Similarly, antioxidant assays using 2,2'-azino-di-3-ethylbenzthiazoline sulfonic acid (ABTS) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals revealed that the antioxidant effect of all cultivars, except for Cheongsu, increased with cultivation at 2- 4- and 6-week. However, mulberry seedlings had a slower reaction rate against DPPH radical removal than mulberry leaves. In addition, ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a different correlation with polyphenol content. This phenomenon may be due to the different polyphenol compositions between mulberry leaves and seedlings. The results of this study suggest that mulberry seedlings exhibit different bioactivities from mulberry leaves, and component analysis is required in further research.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1983

카드뮴(Cd)의 葉面撒布가 뽕나무의 생장 및 生體內代謝에 미치는 影響을 分析 檢討하여 얻어진 結果를 要約하면 다음과 같다. 1. 뽕잎의 被害症狀은 褐色斑點으로 나타났으며, 被害는 Cd 撒布 濃度가 높을수록 加增되었다. 2. 뽕나무의 條長과 條莖은 Cd의 濃度가 높을수록 生長이 抑劑되었는데, 특히 條長은 5%의 有意性이 認定되었으며 對照에 비해 5ppm 및 7ppm구는 각각 약 31% 生長이 抑制되었다. 3. 枝條 껍질의 Cd 含量은 잎의 그것보다 월등히 낮았다. 4. 뽕잎의 葉綠素, ATP含量과 量, GOT 및 GPT의 活性은 Cd 3ppm부터 著하게 떨어지기시 작했다. 5. 뽕나무의 生長과 物質代謝에 抑制影響을 초래하는 最低 處理濃度는 Cd 3ppm이었다.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.6-13
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• 2019

In the present study, we investigated the antifungal activity of methanol and ethanol extracts of different parts (leaves, twigs, and root bark) of mulberry plant against Alternaria alternata and Fusarium sp. Among them, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark exerted the highest inhibitory activity against the mycelial growth of A. alternata ($70.6{\pm}1.6$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$ and $58.7{\pm}0.0$ to $80.8{\pm}6.7%$, respectively) and Fusarium sp. ($15.5{\pm}2.7$ to $39.3{\pm}3.4%$ and $26.4{\pm}2.7$ to $47.6{\pm}4.8%$, respectively). In contrast, the methanol and ethanol extracts from mulberry leaves and twigs did not suppress the mycelial growth of these fungal species. Importantly, the methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry leaves tended to even accelerate the mycelial growth of A. alternata and Fusarium sp. Therefore, the results of this study indicate that methanol and ethanol extracts of mulberry root bark can be used as control agents against A. alternata and Fusarium sp.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.1292-1300
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• 2020

Objective: To explore feed resources capable of replacing regular poor-quality fodder, this study was conducted to evaluate the effects of additives on the fermentation quality, in vitro digestibility and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage. Methods: The mulberry leaves were ensiled either untreated (control) or treated with 1×10⁶ cfu/g fresh matter Lactobacillus plantarum (L), 1% glucose (G), 3% molasses (M), a combination of 1% glucose and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+G), and a combination of 3% molasses and Lactobacillus plantarum (L+M). The fermentation quality and chemical composition were analyzed after 7, 14, 30, and 60 d, respectively. The 60-d silages were subjected to an aerobic stability test and fermented with buffered rumen fluid to measure the digestibility. Results: Inoculating lactic acid bacteria (LAB) resulted in more rapid increase in lactic acid concentrations and decline in pH of mulberry leaves silage as compared control. Higher acetic acid and lower ethanol and ammonia nitrogen concentrations (p<0.05) were observed in the LAB-inoculated silages as opposed to control during ensiling. The LAB-inoculated silages contained lower water-soluble carbohydrates compared with control during the first 14 d of ensiling, and lower neutral detergent fibre (p<0.05) concentrations as compared with non-LAB inoculated silages. Adding molasses alone increased (p<0.05) the digestibility of dry matter (DM). The aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage was increased by LAB inoculation, whereas decreased by adding glucose or molasses. Conclusion: The LAB inoculation improved fermentation quality and aerobic stability of mulberry leaves silage, while adding glucose or molasses failed to affect the fermentation and impaired the aerobic stability. Inoculating LAB alone is recommended for mulberry leaves especially when ensiled at a relatively high DM.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2019

Silkworm larval mortality specifically during spinning stage leading to non-spinning with specific morphological symptoms was frequently complained by sericulturists in Karnataka, India during 2015. Survey was conducted and information collected through questionnaire from the identified farmers who faced the problem of non-spinning in both traditional and non-traditional areas of Karnataka. Survey results indicate that the problem is specific to the silkworm crop of those farmers' who shifted from other crops of agriculture/ horticulture/olericulture/ floriculture to Sericulture. Silkworm rearing performance of the batches fed with these leaves confirmed that the pesticide sprayed to the crops previous to mulberry, remain in the soil and when mulberry plantation is taken up in these gardens, the pesticide is absorbed by the roots of mulberry plants and transported to the leaves. Silkworms that feed on these mulberry leaves, grow and ripen normally but during spinning stage, larvae die with external symptoms like regurgitation, body shrinkage, rectal protrusion later become hook shaped leading to non-spinning or partial metamorphosis into pupa and death or spin flimsy cocoons. Larval mortality ranged from a minimum of twenty five percent to a maximum of hundred percent. The problem was noticed from the first harvest of leaves and lasted for a maximum period of 36 months. Cocoon crop loss depends on the concentration, duration and type of pesticides used previously for other crops.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.33-39
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• 1962

춘하추 삼기사육에 있어서 연구조사한 결과 본시험에서 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Menthol의 상기첨식시험에서 Menthol의 1%내에서는 잠아의 생리에 하등의 영향이 없다는 결과를 얻었다. 이 결과는 누에의 상기한 실용형질 전면에 걸쳐 무해이며 또 유익하다는 점도 발견치 못하였다. 2. 박하를 상전에 간작하여 지장이 없음이 연명되였으며 박하엽에 거찰된 상엽을 잠아에 결여하여도 누에 생리에 하등영향이 없다. 3. 들깨(荏)에 있어서도 2항과 동일하다. 4. 결과적으로 박하의 상전간작은 무해로운 작물로 사료되며 들깨의 상전간작도 농민들이 기피하는 경향이 있으나 잠아에는 하등영향이 없다.

• 한국잠사곤충학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.62-67
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• 2005

장려뽕 16 품종에 대한 뽕잎과 오디의 항산화능을 시기별로 채취하여 비교분석 하였다. 항산화능 측정장치(munilum L-100, ABCD GmbH) 및 ARAW-KIT(antiradical ability of water-soluble substance)를 사용하였으며, ascorbic acid를 표준물질로 사용하여 calibration curve를 작성하였다. 시료의 항산화능과 분석에 소요되는 전처리 시간을 고려하여 80% MeOH, 30 sec. vortex mixing 방법을 기준 전처리 방법으로 하였다. 16품종 전체의 뽕잎에 대한 항산화능을 분석한 결과 5개엽기의 어린 뽕잎의 항산화능은 3303.4 nmol로 높았으며, 오디가 착색되기 직전 3708.0 nmol으로 최대 값을 나타낸 후 시기가 경과함에 따라 점차 감소 및 하벌 후 점차 증가 하다가 뽕잎이 경화되기 직전 춘기 어린 잎 정도의 항산화능을 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화능이 높은 뽕잎을 이용하기 위해서는 5월 하순에 채취하는 것이 수율도 높아 경제성이 있을 것으로 판단되며, 생과 또는 가공식품의 원료로 사용하기 위해 오디를 수확한 후 남은 뽕잎의 이용도 충분히 가능하므로 이를 활용하기 위해서는 하벌 전에 뽕잎의 수확 작업이 이루어지도록 해야 할 것이다. 뽕잎 수확 후 저장하는 방법보다 시기에 따른 뽕잎 자체의 성숙 정도가 뽕잎의 항산화능을 결정하는 것으로 판단된다.