• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2016

It is a fact that the existing pharmacological research method is difficult to explain the effect and mechanism of action of herbal formula of Korean medicine. We are now very pleased with the development of modern science and the development of a methodology for studying herbal formula characterized by network targets and multi-component therapeutics over the human body. In this review, systems pharmacology or network pharmacology is demonstrated how these are applied to explain the effectiveness of herbal medicine. The post-genomic era provides a unique opportunity for the two fields to understand and benefit from each other. In particular, recent research trends, research methodology, useful databases and results of research on herbal formula are introduced. China already has a policy of scientific development of traditional chinese medicine (TCM) and the development of Chinese medicine industry with a focus on herbal formula research at national level, and in Korea, it is urgent to support and nurture the methodology appropriate to the characteristics of the herbal formula in order to study the safety and efficacy of Korean medicine.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.271-282
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• 2016

Objective : In this study, we compared the antioxidant and anticancer properties of four multi-herbal formulas which were recorded in 'Dongeuibogam': Gilgyung-tang (GGT), Mokdanpi-tang (MDPT), Samso-eum (SSE), Samchulbobi-tang (SCBBT). Methods : We checked antioxidant properties of four multi-herbal formula through total phenolic content, radical scavenging activities, protective effects on genomic DNA oxidation. To investigate anticancer effects, we conducted MTT assay and analyzed morphologic change in A549 non-small lung cancer cells. Results : Total phenolic contents of four multi-herbal formulas were in a rich order of MDPT > SSE > GGT > SCBBT. Especially, MDPT revealed the highest activity than others in all antioxidant experiments. Our results indicated that treatment of those multi-herbal formulas induced growth retardation in A549 cells and MDPT also showed the highest anticancer effect ($IC_{50}=1.374mg/ml$) among them. Conclusions : Our data suggested that MDPT would be a powerful ingredient for lung cancer treatment.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.121-132
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• 2013

Objectives : The objectives of this study is to establish data-base to find out similar herbal formulas with a particular herbal formula by comparing composition ratio of configuring herbs. And this thesis is to analyze differences of prescriptions and find out similar prescriptions by utilizing galenical mass ratio, which is directly related to effectiveness of galenical. Methods : This study was proceeded by using Access 2007 with Window 7(MS) and 2,787 prescriptions of which herbal configuration could be indicated by weight unit were analysed from Donguibogam. We standardize all units of the prescription and input the mass ratio data when entered galenical data. Results : We could confirm a degree of similarity between compared prescriptions and a particular prescription according to the sum of differences of herb weight ratio and similarity ratio. Conclusions : A most similar herbal formula could be searched through comparing multi prescriptions by multi prescriptions of herbal configuration from established herbal formula data-base where herb weight ratio of prescriptions is to be input.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2011

Objective: The purpose of this study is to expatiate on high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) as a simple, easy and scientific method for evaluation and standardization of herbal formulae. Methods: Through retrieving HPTLC application for herbal formulae in the literatures, the current situation of HPTLC application, and potential as well as limitation of HPTLC as a standardization method for multi-herbal drug was studied. Results: HPTLC is a speedy, inexpensive and well-operable tool for possessing multi-capability on component identification, separation, quantification and purification compared to other methods, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gas chromatography (GC). Conclusions: HPTLC is considered as an available and convenient method for quality control and standardization of multi-herbal drugs. Thereby, this method could be recommended to widely applicate in the traditional Korean medicine.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.183-189
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• 2022

Objective : This study aims to analyze the current use of body part terminology in Korean medicine formula data by comparing with ICD-11 body part terminology as a criteria. Methods : Body part terminology was extracted from the main treatment data within the Korean Medicine formula ontology and was analyzed in comparison with the ICD-11 body part terminology. Results : Out of 113 body part terminologies in Korean medicine, 92 were corresponded with ICD in a one-to-one, one-to-multi, or multi-to-one relation. Also, most body part terminologies were corresponded to superordinate concepts of ICD while 21 terminologies were not able to be corresponded to ICD. Conclusion : A majority of body part terminology in formula data could be corresponded to ICD but mostly refered to superordinate concepts. Results showed various types of corresponding relation which requires further study for precise and detailed correspondence. Also, study showed some terminologies were not applicable for correspondence which were mostly a unique body part concept of Korean medicine which requires further study to present Korean Medicine knowledge accurately in the language of ICD.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2016

Objectives : To verify the equivalence between Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba herbal prescription(HP-ARA) and Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba herbal sub stance(HS-ARA). Methods : Safety tests by microbial regulation and heavy metal analysis (total heavy metal, Pb, As) and a stability test by long term shelf test for HP-ARA according to notification of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety were carried out. Then, multi component profile of HP-ARA and HS -ARA were analyzed by HPLC. Results : The safety and stability of HP-ARA confirmed by several tests. Correlation coefficient of equivalence of HP-ARA and ARA-HS showed 0.992. Conclusion : Based on this result of equivalence between HP-ARA and HS-ARA, HP-ARA can substitute HS-ARA used to make herbal medicines (herbal decoction, pills and powder).

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.111-123
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the anticancer effects of Caesalpiniae Lignum (Somok) on HepG2 cells, a human liver cancer cell line. To study the cytotoxic effect of Caesalpiniae Lignum methanol extract (CL-MeOH) on HepG2 cells, the cells were treated with various concentrations of CL-MeOH and then cell viability was determined by XTT reduction method and trypan blue exclusion assay. CL-MeOH reduced proliferation of HepG2 cells in a dose-dependent manner. To confirm the induction of apoptosis, HepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of CL-MeOH. The activation of caspase 3 and the cleavage of poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP), a substrate for caspase-3 and a typical sign of apoptosis, was examined by western blot analysis. CL-MeOH decreased procaspase 3 level in a dose-dependent manner and induced the clevage of PARP at concentration> $200{\mu}/ml$. Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling cascades are multi-functional signaling networks that influence cell growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cellular responses to stress. CL-MeOH-induced MAPK activation was examined by Western blot for phosphorylated ERK, p38 and JNK. CL-MeOH significantly increased p38 phosphorylation and JNK phosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Inhibition of p38 function using the selective inhibitor SB20358O results in inhibition of apoptosis by CL-MeOH. These results suggest that CL-MeOH-induced apoptosis is MAP kinase-dependent apoptoric pathway. These results suggest that CL-MeOH is potentially useful as a chemotherapeutic agent in human liver cancer.

• 대한한의학방제학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.243-254
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• 2020

Objectives : Network pharmacology analysis is commonly used to investigate the synergies and potential mechanisms of multiple compounds by analyzing complex, multi-layered networks. We used TCMSP and BATMAN-TCM databases to compare results of network pharmacological analysis between White Ginseng(WG) and Red Ginseng(RG). Methods : WG and RG were compared with components and their target molecules using TCMSP database, and compound-target-pathway/disease networks were compared using BATMAN-TCM database. Results : Through TCMSP, 104 kinds of target molecules were derived from WG and 38 kinds were derived from RG. Using the BATMAN-TCM database, target pathways and diseases were screened, and more target pathways and diseases were screened compared to RG due to the high composition of WG ingredients. Analysis of component-target-pathway/disease network using network analysis tools provided by BATMAN-TCM showed that WG formed more networks than RG. Conclusions : Network pharmacology analysis can be effectively performed using various databases used in system biology research, and although the materials that have been reported in the past can be used efficiently for research on diseases related to targets, the results are unreliable if prior studies are focused on limited or narrow research areas.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2018

Objectives: There is an increasing number of complex diseases that are progressively more difficult to be controlled using the conventional "single compound, single target" approach as demonstrated in our current modern drug development. TCM might be the new cornerstone of treatment alternative when the current treatment option is no longer as effective or that we have exhausted it as an option. Orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group study is one of the most frequently employed formulas to produce optimal herbal combination for treatment of multi-syndromic diseases. This approach could solve the relatively low efficacy single drug therapy usage and chronic adverse effects caused by long terms administration of drugs that has been reported in the field of pharmacology and medicine Methods: The present review was based on the Science Direct database search for those related to the TCM and the development of antihypertensive TCM herbal combination using orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group studies approach. Results: Recent studies have demonstrated that the orthogonal stimulus-response compatibility group study approach was most frequently used to formulate TCM herbal combination based on the TCM principles upon the selection of herbs, and the resulting formulated TCM formula exhibited desired outcomes in treating one of global concerned complex multi-syndromic diseases, the hypertension. These promising therapeutic effects were claimed to have been attributed by the holistic signaling mechanism pathways employed by the crude combination of herbs. Conclusion: The present review could serve as a guide and prove the feasibility of TCM principles to be used for future pharmacological drug research development.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.177-196
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• 2004

Objective : Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease that pathogenesis is not fully understood and one of the most intractable musculoskeletal diseases. The concern in the immunopathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been increased since 1980's and many immunotherapeutic agents including disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were developed and became the mainstay of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. However, the cure of the disease has hardly been achieved. In oriental medicine, rheumatoid arthritis is related to Bi-Zheng(痺證), that presents pain, swelling, andlor loss of joint function as major clinical manifestations, and also known to be deeply involved in suppression of immune function related to weakness of Jung-Ki(正氣). The herbal medicine, empirically used, could be a potential resource of development of new immunotherapeutic agents for rheumatoid arthritis. Methods : We developed a search strategy using terms to include "rheumatoid arthritis and herbal medicine" combined with "Chinese medicine" and/or "Oriental medicine". The search was focused on experimental studies of herbal medicine (January 1999 to May 2004), which is known to have effects on immune function of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Computerized search used Internet databases including KISS and RISS4U (Korea), CNKI (China), MOMJ (Main Oriental Medicine Journal, Japan), and PubMed. The articles were selected from journals of universities or major research institutes. Results : The literature search for experimental studies on effects of herbal medicine on immunity of rheumatoid arthritis retrieved a total of 21 articles (Korea; 8, China ; 12, Japan ; 1). Of 21 articles, 10 were related to single-drug formula, 2 to drug interaction, and 9 to multi-drug formula. Single-drug formula was mainly used for aqua-acupuncture and researches on active components. Studies of drug interaction emphasized harmony of Ki-Hyul(氣血) and balance of Han-Yeul(寒熱). Multi-drug regimen was mainly found among formulas for Bo-Ki-Hyul(補氣血) and Bo-Sin(補腎). Conclusion : Studies on rheumatoid arthritis were performed both in vitro and in vivo in vitro study, LPS-stimulated splenocytes and synoviocytes were treated with herbal medicine, resulting in proliferation and activation of immune cells and suppression of cytokine activities in vivo study CIA animal model demonstrated that herbal medicine decreased antibody production and improved function of immune cells. In cellular and molecular study herbal medicine showed profound effects on the level of mRNA expression of certain cytokines related to immune function. This study revealed that herbal medicine has significant immune modulatory action and could be used for recovery of immune dysfunction of rheumatoid arthritis patients.