• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.253-264
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• 2013

The principal objective of this study was to examine the quality characteristics of yanggaeng supplemented with powder derived from Sanghwang mushroom (Phellinus linteus) mycelia. We analyzed the potential of utilizing Phellinus linteus mycelia as a functional food material by estimating total polyphenol and flavonoid contents, electron-donating abilities, as well as antioxidative activities of the water and ethanol extracts of Sanghwang mushroom mycelia. The total phenol and flavonoid contents of ethanol extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 0.69 mg/ml and 0.16 mg/ml, respectively, while the contents from the water extract of Phellinus linteus mycelia were 0.66 mg/ml and 0.22 mg/ml, respectively. The electron-donating abilities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 88.64 and 90.29%, respectively. The ABTS radical scavenging activities of ethanol and water extracts from Phellinus linteus mycelia were 89.74 and 71.35%, respectively. In terms of color values, as the level of powder increased, the value of L (lightness) decreased, whereas those of a (redness) and b (yellowness) increased. In regard to the mechanical properties of the samples, we noted significant differences in hardness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess (P<0.05). The results of the sensory evaluation showed that the score from SHM (Sanghwang mushroom mycelia) with 4% powder was significantly higher than other samples in terms of sweetness, color, taste, texture and overall quality (P<0.05). Taken together, the recommended level of Phellinus linteus mycelia powder in yanggaeng is 4% for optimal sensory characteristics.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.820-827
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• 2015

The present study was performed to investigate the various radical scavenging activities of fermented Undaria pinnatifida by the mycelia fermentation method. U. pinnatifida was fermented with Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris ) mycelia using solid culture and compared with unfermentated U. pinnatifida and C. militaris mycelia for antioxidant activities. The various radical scavenging activities of extracts from U. pinnatifida fermented with C. militaris mycelia (FUCM) were evaluated by electron spin resonance. The antioxidant activities of the FUCM extracts were assayed for ferric reducing antioxidant power, 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethybenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity, and oxygen radical absorption capacity. The free radical scavenging activity of FUCM extracts was higher than that of C. militaris mycelia or U. pinnatifida alone. FUCM extracts were significantly (p < 0.05) increased up to 35 times, 10 times, and 16 times that of U. pinnatifida extracts on DPPH, alkyl, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activities, respectively. These results indicate that FUCM extracts have different chemical ingredients from U. pinnatifida and could provide beneficial antioxidant activity.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

To develop new functional materials, Saccharina japonica (S. japonica) was cultivated with Phellinus linteus (P. linteus) mycelia by solid culture. S. japonica was fermented with P. linteus mycelia. The various radical scavenging activities of extracts of fermented S. japonica with P. linteus mycelia (FSPM) were investigated and compared to the antioxidant capabilities of unfermented S. japonica and P. linteus mycelia. The antioxidant activities of FSPM extracts were evaluated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. FSPM showed stronger free radical scavenging abilities than P. linteus mycelia or S. japonica alone. These results indicate that fermentation of S. japonica changes its chemical nature and could provide beneficial antioxidant effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2005

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of mycelia extracts of mushroom-cultured ginseng by-product on electron donating ability and proliferation of hepatic cancer cell (Hep3B) lines and sarcoma 180(S-180). The ginseng by-product was obtained from ginseng residues generated in processing of ginseng water extract. Mushroom strains used for preparation of mushroom mycelia cultured with ginseng residue were Phellinus linteus, Ganoderma lucidum, Coriolus versicolor and Lentinus edodes. The electron donating abilities of the test samples were increased in a dose-dependent manner in the range of 500ppm to 10,000ppm, and Coriolus versicolor extract showed the most potent activity among four mycelia extracts. In an anti-cancer test using Hep3B cells, ethanol extract showed higher antiproliferating effect than water extract. Ethanol extract of Lentinus edodes showed growth-inhibitory effect of 99.1% at 5,000ppm. All of mycelia extracts of mushroom showed the tumor suppressive effect in mice injected with S-180 cells. The growth­inhibitoy rates against tumor cells were 59% for Phellinus linteus, 61% for Ganoderma lucidum, 65% for Coriolus versicolor, 56% for Lentinus edodes. In conclusion, these results suggest that mycelia extracts of mushroom cultured with ginseng by-product have an antiproliferating effect against Hep3B cell and S-180 tumor cells.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2014

This study was initiated to investigate antioxidant, anti-acetylcholinesterase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities and properties of fruiting bodies, mycelia, and fermentation culture filtrates from Phellinus igniarius. The contents of total phenols and flavonoid of fruit bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrate were 15.35-1.36 mg/g, 10.35-7.85 mg/g, and 8.25-5.36 mg/g. The 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging abilities of the extracts from the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture filtrates were 90.25-95.60%, 78.82-85.24%, and 76.32-82.50% at $50-400{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. The chelating ability of fruiting body extract on ferrous ions was higher than those of mycelia and culture filtrates tested. The anti-acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extract at 400 ${mu}g/mg$ exhibited 91.10% on AChE, which is lower than that of positive control, galanthamine (94.82%). The xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the fruiting bodies, mycelia, and culture extract were 85.47%, 78.13%, and 72.49% at 400 ${\mu}g/mL$, respectively. Overall, the fruiting body extract has better anti-acetylcholinesterase, antioxidant and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities than those from mycelia and culture filtrate.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.672-677
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• 2008

In order to explore the anti-oxidization effect of oriental medicine and cereal medium(OCM) where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, measurement of hot water extract and UMPM(extraction method using ultra sonic waves, micro waves, micro bubble) extract, the total polyphenol content of crude polysaccharide from each extract, SOD-like activity, electron donating ability(EDA), xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity was conducted. The total polyphenol content of each extract was found to be 16.36% for hot water extract(HE) group and 15.73% for UMPM extract(UE) group and the amount of crude polysaccharide precipitated into ethanol of extracts was found to be 8.79% for UMPM ethanol extract(UEE) group and 6.48% for hot water ethanol extract(HEE) group. As a result of measurement of SOD-like activity by concentration of each extract, it was found to be 96.17% for UE group, 91.23% for HE group, 91.33% for UEE group, and 87.11% for HEE group at 20 mg/mL. In the case of EDA, it was found to be 47.55% for UE group, 44.93% for HE group, 25.38% for UEE group, and 18.36% for HEE group. And in the cases of the rates of xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity, as the concentration of each extract increased, the inhibition rate increased accordingly. As a result of comparison between hot water extract method and UMPM extract method using extracts obtained from oriental medicine compound medium where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured, all of the extracts were judged to have a high anti-oxidization effect. In particular, UMPM extracts were found to have higher polyphenol content, SOD-like activity, EDA, xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity and tyrosinase inhibitory activity compared to hot water extract method. In this regard, extracts obtained from OCM where Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were cultured are considered to have high availability as functional material when and if they are prepared using UMPM extract method.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.452-457
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• 1999

The inhibitory effect of Coprinus comatus on the mutagenicity in Salmonella assay system and SOS chromotest were studied. In Ames test, the ethanol and water extracts and the cultured mycelia fractions of Coprinus comatus did not show any mutagenicity, but the Coprinus comatus ethanol extracts showed inhibitory effects of 8 0∼90% on the mutagenicity induced by indirect mutagen of benzo(a)pyrene(B(a)P) and aflatoxin B1(AFB1) in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100. The antimutagenic effect increased with increasing concentration of the ethanol extract toward N methyl N' nitro N nitrosoguanidine(MNNG). However, the water extracts inhibited about 40∼50% against direct and indirect mutagen. The cultured mycelial filtrate of Coprinus comatus, the fractionⅡ, showed antimutagenic effect of 90% on MNNG and 25∼50% on B(a)P and AFB1. In SOS chromotest, the ethanol extracts of Coprinus comatus showed antimutagenic effect of 65∼81% on SOS function induced by 4 NQO, and the cultured mycelia fractionⅡ showed low inhibitory effect of 20∼50%.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.228-232
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• 2000

The hypolipidemic effects of soybeam paste containing mycelia of Phellinus linteus, Cordyceps militaris, Ganoderma lucidum were evaluated in hyperlipidemic rats. Body weight of the rats fed with soybean paste containing mycelia of Ganoderma lucidum (ESG) were significantly lower than control group whereas, there was no significant difference in body weight in order diet groups. Food intake, food efficiency ratio, and liver and kidney weights were not significantly different among the diet groups examined. However, the spleen weight of ESG group was markedly lower than other groups. Significant decreases in serum total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and liver total cholesterol were also observed in all diet groups tested. All groups fed with soybean paste containing mycelia of mushroom were also observed in all diet groups tested. All groups fed with soybean paste containing mycelia of mushroom were almost equally effective in increasing plasma HDL level and decreasing the atherogenic index, whereas the ratio of HDL to total cholesterol was significantly increased in all experimental diet groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.25-30
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• 2010

In order to improve the functional benefits and storage properties of soybean tofu, fermented tofu was developed using Pleurotus eryngii mycelia. The immune activities of water and methanol extracts of the tofu were investigated. The optimal medium for the growth of Pleurotus eryngii mycelia was PD broth medium and the optimal fermentation period for the tofu was 7 days. The water and methanol extracts of the fermented tofu induced the proliferation of spleen cells at above $0.01 {\mu}g/mL$. The water extract increased IL-2, IFN-$\gamma$ production, while the methanol extract increased IFN-$\gamma$ synthesis. The water and methanol extracts of the fermented tofu induced the NO production in RAW264.7 macrophage cells at above $1 {\mu}g/mL$ and above $10 {\mu}g/mL$ concentration, respectively. The extracts also significantly increased the production of IL-6, TNF-$\alpha$, IL-1$\beta$ and GM-CSF in the cells. These results suggest that the tofu fermented with Pleurotus eryngii mycelia could be developed as a functional tofu.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.309-318
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• 2000

The fruiting bodies of Paecilomyces japonica been used for an anticancer and immuno-stimulating agent as an oriental medicine, Antimutagenecity test with SOS chromotest and antioxidant test with NBT method were carried out using the concentrated culture broth, the extract of mycelia, and that of fruiting bodies. Among the sample extracts tested, the extract of fruiting bodies was most effective to antimutagenecity against the mutagens tested such as MNNG, ethidium bromide(EtBr), 2-aminofluorene(AF) and nitrofluorene(NF). Antimutagenic activity of all the extracts were very effective against mutagen, MNNG. When the extracts were added to certain concentration, antimutagenic activity was enhanced against mutagen, MNNG and NF. Antioxidant activity of the extract from fruiting bodies was highest. However, its activity was very low, compared to ascorbic acid.