• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.620-627
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• 2015

The present study was carried out to investigate the biological activity of ethanol extracts from fermented Opuntia humifusa with 3 different mushroom mycelia: Phellinus linteus, Lentinula edodes, and Pleurotus ostreatus. Fermented Opuntia humifusa by Phellinus linteus (FOP) and Lentinula edodes (FOL) showed more DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities than non-fermented Opuntia humifusa (NFO) and fermented Opuntia humifusa by Pleurotus ostreatus (FOPO). At a concentration of 250 ppm, the ABTS radical scavenging activities of the FOP and FOL were similar to that of BHA, a synthetic antioxidant. The total polyphenol content had a similar tendency to that of the radical scavenging activity. However, the flavonoid content was increased in the order of NFO, FOL, FOPO, and FOP. At all concentrations, the tyrosinase inhibitory activity of FOP and FOPO were significantly higher than that of kojic acid. During adipocyte differentiation, NFO and FOL showed no significant difference in lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells. FOP and FOPO showed a higher fat accumulation inhibitory effect than NFO and FOL. These results provide baseline data for Opuntia humifusa as a novel functional food.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.304-309
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• 1998

Incubation condition affecting the chlamydospore formation and isolation from mycelia and conidia of Cylindrocarpon destructanse (isolate ACY-9701), isolated from the root rot lesion of the American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium) was investigated. Chlamydospores were formed from mycilia but not from conidia on the Czapek-Dox agar without carbon or nitrogen source after 20 days incubation at 2$0^{\circ}C$. In the medium added with nitrogen and carbon sources, immatured chlamy-dospore-like cells were formed from microconidia and mycelia as well. Immatured chlamydospore-like cells were formed from mycelia as well as microconidia In corn, kidney bean, and pea root extracts after 20 days incubation at 20"C, while typical chlamydospores were formed from both of them in the root extract of Panax quinquefolium. The 3.6 log chlamydospore/mm" was converted from microconidia in the medium, which was equal to 2.5% conidia formed. Under the light condition (251.1 pmol/m" sec, 12 hrs dark and light cycle), 4.2 log/mm" of chlamydospores were converted from interracially or terminal cells of macroconidia, which was 4.0% of macroconidia produced on Potato dextrose agar (PDA). When mycelia and microconidia were stored at -7$0^{\circ}C$ for 32 days and incubated on PDA after thawing at room temperature to isolate chlamydospores from them, microconidia and mycelia were still alive. Meanwhile, microconidial lysis was found after heating them at 32$^{\circ}C$ for 7 days, but the chlamydospores converted from macroconidia were not lysed up to 13 days at 32"C. to 13 days at 32"C.ot;C.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate antioxidative and nitrite scavenging activities of extracts of Cordyceps militaris. Fruiting body and mycelia of artificially cultivated Cordyceps militaris were extracted with water and 70% ethanol. In Cordyceps militaris mycelia, electron donating ability (EDA) of water extract ranged from 37% to 47% and ethanol extract ranged from 57% to 70% at 300∼1,000 ppm. In Cordyceps militaris fruiting body, EDA of water extract and ethanol extract were similar, ranged from 19% to 48% at 300-1,000 ppm. Nitrite scavenging ability (NSA) of extracts measured at various pH (1.2, 3.0, 4.2, 6.0) was the highest at pH 1.2 and decreased with increasing pH, suggesting it is pH dependent. In Cordyceps militaris mycelia, NSA of water extract 1,000 ppm was 23% and that of ethanol extract 1,000 ppm was 37% at pH 17. In Cordyceps militaris fruiting body, NSA of water extract 1,000 ppd was 12% and that of ethanol extract 1,000 ppm was 37% at pH 1.2. EDA and NSA of Cordyceps milituis were higher in extract of mycelia than fruiting beds and higher in ethanol extract than water extract of each part.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.421-423
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• 2002

Phellinus linteus mycelia have many pharmacological effects, although their pharmacological efficacy principles have not been known yet. In the course of screening for biological activity of the extracts of Phellinus linteus mycelia, we found strong antioxidative activity in some fraction of water-insoluble. Therefore, we tried to isolate the active principle(s) from the extract. The isolation of the active compound was guided by superoxide anion radical scavenging activity. As a result, caffeic acid was isolated as an active compound. The IC$\_$50/ of the compound was 3.05 $\mu$g/ml (16.9$\mu$M).

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.141-142
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• 1983

To find anititumor metabolites in Korean basidiomycetes, the shake-cultured mycelia of eight of the higher fungi were extracted with hot water and the extracts, after being partially purified, were subjected to in vivo antitumor test. When administered i. p. at the dose of 30mg/kg/day for ten consecutive days into the female ICR mice, which had been implanted with $1{\times}10^{6}$ / cells of sarcoma 180 twenty four hours before the first injection, the extracts of Agaricus campestris, Lyophyllum decastes, Lyophyllum ulmarium, Armillaria Tabescence and Calvatia exipuliformis respectively showed inhibition ratios of 64.1%, 65.45, 60.-%, 53.0 and 49.3%. These five species were selected for further study, whereas the extracts of Phallus impudicus, Coprinus comatus and Pholiota squarrosa whih showed the inhibition ratios of 31.2%, 33.5% and 19.0% were discontinued.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2003

In this study, the optimum conditions for mycelium culture of the mushroom Tricholoma matsutake and the inhibitory effect of the mycelium extracts no tyrosinase activity have been examined. When the extracts of the Tricholoma matsutake mycelia were tested for inhibitory activity on tyrosinase, it was found that the components extracted with ethyl acetate and water showed the highest inhibitory activity. The effect of antioxidants on the growth of mycelium and tyrosinase-inhibiting activity was also investigated. The results showed that tocopherol inhibited the growth in a concentration-dependent manner. In terms of tyrosinase-inhibiting activity, however, tocopherol was found to enhance the inhibitory activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate extracts from mixed culture of Oriental medicines and cereal medium and mycelia of Trichloma matsutake and Cordyceps militaris by fermentation to develop new material for pharmaceutical products and medicinal food, Methods : To evaluate physiological activities of OCM extracts, we examined antioxidant activity(total polyphenol contents, electronic donating ability, SOD-like activity), ${\beta}$-glucan contents, nitric oxide production and cytotoxicity by MTT assay. Results : Total polyphenol contents of fermented OCM(UF) and non-fermented OCM(UM) extracts were more than 40% UM and UF of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 25.67%, 23.43% respectively. Total polyphenol content of non-fermented extract (UME) was 12.57%, while that of fermented extract(UFE) was 7.05%. SOD like activity showed UM 85.35%, UF 76.18%, UME 58.42%, UFE 72.21%. UME, and UFE 31.43%, ${\beta}$-glucan contents of UME and UFE were more than 40%. NO productions of UME, and UFE showed a LPS dose dependent tendency. Cytotoxicity on Raw 264.7 cell showed more than 90% viability. Inhibitory effect of UFE on HT1080 cell growth was higher than UME. Conclusions : These results showed that extracts from mixed culture of mushroom mycelium and OCM have physiological activities which can be used in pharmaceutical products and medicinal food.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.119-119
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Nutrition Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.122-122
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• 2002

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1348-1358
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• 2017

To enhance the physiological activity of the Rhynchosia volubilis (RV), R. volubilis (RVHE-A) and R. volubilis-added herbal powder (RVHE-B) were fermented with a solid state culture of Hericium erinaceum mycelia (HE). The total isoflavone contents of the non-fermented RV-A ($489.9{\mu}g/g$) and RV-B ($571.1{\mu}g/g$) were remarkably increased in fermented RVHE-A ($1,836.4{\mu}g/g$) and RVHE-B ($1,276.7{\mu}g/g$). In particular, aglycone isoflavones such as daidzein and genistein were significantly higher in the RVHE-A than any other sample. When hot-water (HW) and EtOH extracts (E) were fractionated from the RV and RVHE, both extracts from the RVHE-A were higher than those from the RV-A in total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, the RVHE-B-HW showed a lower polyphenol and flavonoid content level than did RV-B-HW. RVHE-A-HW and -E also had more potent ABTS radical scavenging activity than any extract from the non-fermented RV and other ferments (RVHE-B). In the meanwhile, RVHE-A-HW potently stimulated the production of macrophage activation-related cytokines such as $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-12 ($841.7{\pm}71.3pg/mL$, $3.9{\pm}0.1ng/mL$, $179.3{\pm}30.2pg/mL$) from peritoneal macrophage more than RV-A-HW ($92.5{\pm}1.5pg/mL$, $0.1{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $37.4{\pm}5.4pg/mL$) as well as RVHE-B-HW ($557.0{\pm}21.3pg/mL$, $1.8{\pm}0.0ng/mL$, $90.0{\pm}10.0pg/mL$). However, all the EtOH extracts did not show significant activity. In addition, the RVHE-A-HW showed a significantly higher intestinal immune system modulating activity through Peyer's patch and GM-CSF production than did any other extract from RV and RVHE-B. In conclusion, these results suggest that the fermented R. volubilis with H. erinaceum mycelia possesses a possible use as an industrial application as functional food or material.