• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.153-156
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• 2020

A 14-year-old intact female Cocker Spaniel dog, weighing 6.8 kg, presented with chief complaints of severe cough, dyspnea, anorexia, and exercise intolerance. It had the characteristics of a blood clot, the evidence of mitral regurgitation, a high left atrial/aortic root ratio, and pericardial effusion with a left atrial rupture due to myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) was strongly suspected. Traditional therapy (pimobendan, furosemide, enalapril, and spironolactone) for heart failure with MMVD was provided twice a day orally, and partial pericardiectomy was performed for pericardial effusion. The medical prescriptions for MMVD were continued, and the patient's heart disease was well-controlled. However, it suddenly died 3 months after the operation.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.273-278
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• 2001

Chronic mitral valvular insufficiency (CMVI) is the most common heart disease in dogs. The prevalence of CMVI is age-dependent. CMVI is usually affected to small to medium size breeds. It is more prevalent in males than females. The characteristic lesions of CMVI are caused by an acquired chronic structural degeneration of the mitral valve defined as endocardiosis or myxomatous degeneration. The main clinical signs are cough, respiratory distress, weakness and pleural effusion and ascites by secondary right-sided heart failure. The most prominent clinical finding is a systolic heart murmur. The thoracic radiography and echocardiography are useful methods in diagnosis of CMVI. Thoracic radiographic findings are left atrial enlargement, left main stem bronchial compression and pulmonary edema. Echocardiography is confirmed to increased left atrial and ventricular dimension, mitral regurgitation, mitral valve thickening and abnormal movement. Thoracic radiography and echocardiography are used to obtain a definite diagnosis of CMVI, and then to study the progression of the condition.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2023

Vertebral left atrial size (VLAS) is an important indicator to predict myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) in dogs. When the caudal margin of cardiac silhouette and the dorsal margin of caudal vena cava (CdVC) could not be seen exactly, another way to evaluate VLAS is needed. The objective of this study was to assess whether a new modified VLAS (m-VLAS) could be used as an indicator to predict MMVD in 57 small breed dogs with MMVD. The m-VLAS was also used to classify American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine staging groups and left heart enlargement confirmed with echocardiograph (EchoLHE) groups. The m-VLAS was measured as the distance from the ventral aspect of the carina to the dorsal aspect of the intersection of the cardiac silhouette and the farthest LA caudal margin, not the CdVC, followed by drawing the same line beginning at the cranial edge of T4. Based on VLAS values and m-VLAS values measured for dogs with MMVD, correlations between these values and left heart enlargement groups were then evaluated. There were significant differences in both the VLAS and the m-VLAS between EchoLHE groups. The AUC of the ROC curve of the m-VLAS to detect EchoLHE was higher than that of the VLAS. The optimal cutoff value for the m-VLAS was >2.7, which had a higher specificity (86.84%) than the VLAS specificity (71.05%). This study reveals that a new m-VLAS is a more specific indicator than the VLAS for predicting left side heart enlargement in small breed dogs. Therefore, the m-VLAS can be used as a clinically useful radiographic measurement alternative to or better than the VLAS.

• Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2018

Echocardiography is one of the most useful diagnostic techniques for differentiating heart disease as well as mitral valve lesion. Forty client-owned small breed dogs (weight, 2.3-13.2 kg) aged between 8-17 years with myxomatous mitral valve degeneration (MMVD) were included in the present study. The diagnosis of MMVD in dogs was made based on the clinical signs, chest radiography data, and echocardiographic findings. Echocardiographic examinations were conducted in accordance with recommended standards for dogs. M-mode, Doppler, and 2D echocardiography were performed in left and right lateral recumbency. 2D echocardiography was used to measure LA and Ao diameter from 2D short axis at the level of the aortic valve. In the comparison of conventional echocardiography indices in dogs with different stages of heart failure with MMVD, significant differences were observed in E/A ratio (p=0.005), EDV (p<0.001), EDVI (p<0.001), E-peak velocity (p= 0.001), ESV (p=0.028), ESVI (p=0.004), LA (p<0.001), LA/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDd (p<0.001), LVIDd/Ao Ratio (p<0.001), LVIDs (p=0.036), LVIDs/Ao Ratio (p=0.002), and MR Velocity (p=0.026). In addition, distinct correlations were found in EDV (r=0.712), LA/Ao ration (r=0.830), LVIDd (r=0.724), and LVIDd/Ao ratio (r=0.759). This study found that known conventional echocardiographic indices, including EDV, LA/Ao ratio, LVIDd dimension, and LVIDd/Ao ratio correlated with the severity of MMVD in point of significant differences and distinct correlations.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.263-264
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• 2013

A 6 year-old, spayed female, Maltese dog was presented with precordial thrill and mild coughing. Thoracic auscultation revealed a grade V/VI systolic murmur with maximal intensity over the left apex characterized by musical murmur. Echocardiography revealed mild myxomatous degeneration of mitral valve and ruptured chordae tendineae. Musical murmur was produced due to the vibration of ruptured piece of chordae tendineae along with regurgitant flow. After treatment with furosemide and ramipril, clinical signs resolved and precordial thrill reduced. This case report describes typical clinical signs and phonocardiogram of musical murmur in a dog with acute chordae tendineae rupture.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2004

배경 : 승모판막 폐쇄부전증의 원인 중 건삭이나 유두근 파열이 원인이 되는 예가 증가됨에 따라 승모판막에 대한 수술, 특히 판막 재건술의 임상적 역할이 중요시되고 있다. 이에 본원에서 시행한 승모판막 폐쇄부전증의 수술적 치료에 따른 임상결과 및 술 후 조기 성적을 분석해 보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1991년 8월부터 2002년 4월까지 승모판막 건삭 및 유두근 파열로 인해 본원에서 수술한 승모판막 폐쇄부전증 환자 49명(남 26명, 여 23명, 나이 49.0$\pm$16.5세)을 대상으로 시행하였다. 수술적 방법에 있어서는 22명(44.9%)에서 판막성형술을, 나머지 27명(59.2%)에서는 판막치환술을 시행하였다 결과: 전체수술예에서 승모판막 전엽의 건삭파열은 23예, 후엽의 건삭파열은 31예였으며 전외(Anter-olateral)유두근의 파열이 2예, 후외(Posteromedial)유두근파열이 1예였다 승모판막 건삭 및 유두근 파열의 병리조직학적 원인은 비특이적 변성이 25예(51.0%), 점액성 변성이 11예(22.4%), 아급성세균성 심내막염이 7예(14.3%)였다. 특발성 퇴행성 변성에 의한 건삭 파열의 경우 전엽보다는 후엽에 많았으며 전엽에서는 A3 구역, 후엽에서는 P3 구역에서 빈발하였다. 수술사망은 3명(6.1%)이었으며 1명의 환자에서 판막재건술 시행 후 잔존 승모판막 폐쇄부전으로 인해 판막치환술을 재시행하였다. 전체 승모판막 폐쇄부전환자의 술 후 5년 생존율은 81.4%였다. 승모판막 폐쇄부전의 원인이 퇴행성 병변이었던 환자 36명에 대해서 판막재건술을 시행한 군과 판막치환술을 시행한 군 사이의 수술결과를 비교 분석한 결과, 수술사망률은 각각 0%와 14.3%였고 술 후 5년 생존율은 90.2%와 64.3%로 판막재건술을 시행했던 환자에서 높게 나타났으나 두 군 사이의 통계학적 의의는 보이지 않았다. 결론: 건삭파열 및 유두근 파열로 인한 승모판막 폐쇄 부전의 가장 많은 병리조직학적 원인은 비특이적 변성이었다. 또한 판막 폐쇄 부전의 원인이 승모판막의 퇴행성 병변일 경우에 수술적 방법으로서 승모판막 재건술은 그 장기 성적이 양호하고 수술적 결과가 승모판막 치환술과 비교적 우월한 차이를 보이므로 승모판막 폐쇄 부전의 수술적 치료에 있어서 가장 좋은 방법이라 생각한다.