• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.306-311
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatment with nicotinamide on the serum lipid composition and atherosclerotic index in streptozotocin ( STZ ) - induced diabetic rats. Nicotinamide pretreatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats inhibited the rise of serum glucose concentration. Serum total lipids and triglyceride levels in the STZ-induced diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. But in the group pretreated with nicotin-amide, triglyceride and lipid levels were significantly lower compared with those of STZ-induced diabetic rat group without nicotinamide. However, the serum phospholipid levels were not statistically different among treatment groups. In the STZ-induced diabetic group, the serum total cholesterol, VLDL, LDL-cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic index were higher and HDL-cholesterol level was lower compared to the control group. However, these changes were prevented by nicotinamide pretreatment. Pretreatment with nicotinamide significantly increased tile activities of serum lipase compared to the STZ-treated group. Aminotranferase (ALT, AST) activities were not significantly different in any of the groups.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.114-118
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• 1997

Nicotinamide and GABA(${\gamma}$-aminobutyric acid) contents in sericultural products, Mori Folium, Mori Fructus, Mori Cortex Radicis, silkworm podwer, Bombycis Exerementum and Bombycis Corpus were analyzed by HPLC. Nicotinamide content was higher in silkworm derived-products than in mulberry derived-products. Nicotinamide contained Bombycis Excrementum was the highest by 0.31 mg/g DW among the sericultural products. GABA content showed the highest by 1.68 mg/g DW in Mori Cortex Radicis among the sericultural products.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 1963

This investigation is the studies on the solubility analysis for several pharmaceuticals. The equilibrium reactions leading to complex formation of Caffeine and Nicotinamide with Lidocaine and Saccharin have been studied. The equilibrium constant of each complexes have also been calculated. It is shown that complex formation may lead to an increase in the solubilities of the reactants, and that Nicotinamide has more complexing activity than Caffeine. The influence of chemical structure of each components on interaction is also discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in serum glucose level, body weight, water consumption, serum insulin concentration, and the activity of pancreatic enzyme in rats treated with streptozotocin (STZ). Histological studies were also carried out to evaluate the effects on pancreatic tissues and Langerhans's islet cells. Nicotinamide pretreatment in STZ diabetic rats inhibited the rise of fasting serum glucose concentration and water consumption. Pretreatment with nicotinamide significantly increased the concentration of serum insulin and body weight changes compared to the STZ-treated group. Pancreatic lipase and trypsin activities were increased, but amylase activity was decreased and pancreatic $\beta$ -cell was destroyed by STZ. Pvetreatment with nicotinamide prevented these STZ-induced changes. These results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment supresses STZ-induced changes in pancreatic enzymes by preventing $\beta$-cell destruction and therefore maintaining a normal serum insulin revel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.203-208
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• 1991

The present study was undertaken in order to elucidate the effects of pretreatment with nicotinamide on changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system inducted by streptozotocin (STZ). In rats, STZ(50mg/kg) administered by tail vein caused a significant rise in hepatic aniline hydroxylase and a decrease in aminopyrine N-demethylase when compared to control (p<0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamice inhibited these effects (p<0.05). Similarly, STZ induced changes in hepatic microsomal cytochrome P-450 activity were inhibited by pretreatment with nicotinamide (p<0.05). However, changes in UDP-glucuronyl transferase and sulfortransferase activity were not significantly different(p>0.05). Pretreatment with nicotinamide also prevented STZ induced increases in glutathion S-tranferase activity when compared to the control(p<0.05). There results suggest that nicotinamide pretreatment suppresses STZ-induced changes in the hepatic metabolizing enzyme system.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 1985

The charge-transfer complexing properties of 1-methyl nicotinamide (MNA), an acceptor, and adenine, a donor, were investigated in water and SDS micellar solutions in relation to the intramolecular interaction in nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide ($NAD^+$). The spectral and thermodynamic parameters of MNA-indole and methyl viologen-adenine complex formations were determined, and the data were utilized to evaluate the charge-transfer abilities of MNA and adenine. The electron affinity of nicotinamide was estimated to be 0.28 eV from charge-transfer energy $of{\sim}300$ nm for MNA-indole. The large enhancement of MNA-indole complexation in SDS solutions by entropy effect was attributed to hydrophobic nature of indole. The complex between adenine and methyl viologen showed an absorption band peaked near 360 nm. The ionization potential of adenine was evaluated to be 8.28 eV from this. The much smaller enhancement of charge-transfer interaction involving adenine than that of indole in SDS solutions was attributed to weaker hydrophobic nature of the donor. The charge-transfer energy of 4.41 eV (280 nm) was estimated for nicotinamide-adenine complex. The spectral behaviors of $NAD^+$ were accounted to the presence of intramolecular interaction in $NAD^+$, which is only slightly enhanced in SDS solutions. The replacement of nicotinamide-adenine interaction in $NAD^+$ by intermolecular nicotinamide-indole interaction in enzyme bound $NAD^+$, and guiding role of adenine moiety in $NAD^+$ were discussed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.22-27
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• 1969

Nicotinamide Complex Compound was not formed in simple alkaline solution under two to one molar ratio of dimethyglyoxime and Fe (II), but it was formed with ammonia or pyridine under the same molar ratio. Based on this fact, nicotinamide solution was added into dimethyglyoxime-Fe (II) complex solution, and the chelation product was extracted with chloroform. The extraction was Completed in a range of pH 8.4-11.0. The chloroform solution shows stability and maximum absorption at 516 m${\mu}$.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1320-1327
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• 2009

This study examined the effects of nicotinamide on proliferation, differentiation, and energy metabolism in a primary culture of bovine adipocytes. After treatment of cells with 100-500 $\mu{M}$ nicotinamide, cell growth was measured using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and cellular lipid content was assessed by Oil Red O staining and a triglyceride (TG) assay. Several factors related to energy metabolism, namely adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) activity, nitric oxide (NO) content, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity, the number of mitochondria and the relative expression of glyceraldehydes-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-$\gamma$ ($PPAR_{\gamma}$) and inducible NOS (iNOS), were also investigated. Results showed that nicotinamide induced both proliferation and differentiation in bovine preadipocytes. Nicotinamide decreased NO production by inhibiting NOS activity and iNOS mRNA expression, and controlled lipolytic activity by increasing ATPase activity and the number of mitochondria. The present study provides further evidence of the effects of nicotinamide on lipid and energy metabolism, and suggests that nicotinamide may play an important role in the development of bovine adipose tissue in vivo. This emphasizes the importance of investigating bovine adipose tissue to improve our understanding of dairy cow physiology.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.105-105
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• 1995

새로운 간장질환 치료제로 개발중인 YH439가 orotic acid, nicotinamide 및 ethionine에 의해 유발되는 지방간에 대한보호 및 치료효과를 관찰하였다. 웅성 SD계 rat에 orotic acid(1%) 또는 nicotinamide(2%)가 첨가된 사료를2주간 섭취시켜 유발된 지방간에 대한 YH439의 보호 및 치료효과와 ethionine(100mg/kg, i.p.)투여로 유도되는 지방간에 대한 YM439의 보호효과를 관찰하기 위하여 간 조직 중 triglyceride, cholesterol 및 phospholipid의 함량을 측정하여 비교하였다. 그 결과, erotic acid 또는 nicotinamide의 섭취로 인해 랫드의 간 조직 중 triglyceride, cholesterol 및 phospholipid의 함량은 1.5-3배정도 증가하였으며, 이 증가된 지질들은 YH439 100, 200mg/kg 투여에 의해 유의성 있게 억제되었다. 또한 ethionine투여에 의해서도 랫드의 간 조직 중 triglyceride, cholesterol 및 phospholipid의 함량은 약 2배정도 증가되었으며, YH439 전저치에 의해 이 현상들이 억제되는 효과를 나타내었다.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.157-164
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• 1992

In order to produce nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) which is a pyridine nucleotide coenzyme, Saccharomyces sake KBA No. 6 having high NAD content was selected from 12 strains of yeast and various factors affecting the production of NAD were investigated. For NAD production, 4% of glucose was effective as a carbon source and 2% of bactopeptone was the best nitrogen source. The optimum pH and temperature was 5.0 and $30^{\circ}$, respectively. Also, when 4 mg/ml of nicotinamide and 3 mg/ml adenine were used as precursors simultaneously, NAD production was the best. To increase NAD production, 2 valence metal ions were used during cultivation and $Zn^{2+}$ was very efficient. Among the surface active agents, anionic sodium dodesyl sulfate (SDS) was effective. Under the optimum conditions, the maximum amount of produced NhD was 35 mg/100 ml medium after cultivation of 144 hrs and 89% of total NAD amount, 31 mg of NAD, was leaked into culture broth.