• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.1049-1054
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• 2009

The effect of Sacchromyces cerevisiae-Fermented Sophorae Radix water extract (SFS) on production of hydrogen peroxide and nitric oxide (NO) from mouse macrophage Raw 264.7 Cells treated with nicotine (1 mM) was investigated through this study. SFS (0, 25, 50, 100, 200, 400 ug/mL) was simultaneously treated with nicotine (1 mM) during culture of 4, 20, 24, 44, 48, 68, and 72 hr. And the intracellular productions of hydrogen peroxide were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. NO production after 24 hr treatement was measured with Griess reagent assay. SFS restored the production of hydrogen peroxide and NO reduced by nicotine (1 mM) in Raw 264.7 Cells. These results suggests that SFS could be supposed to have the immunological activity concerned with macrophage's oxidative burst including hydrogen peroxide and NO.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.65-73
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• 2010

Objectives : Recently, Pharmacopuncture therapy has been used for the treatment of inflammatory diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. Especially, we have been interested in chemical mediators concerned with inflammation such as prostaglandin, nitric oxide. The purpose of this study is investigated that the effect of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages, performed several experimental items : those are Prostaglandin $E_2$, Nitric Oxide and Cyclooxygenase-2. Methods : The cytotoxicity of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages were measured by MTT assay. In order to observe cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, RT-PCR was used. Prostaglandin $E_2$ production and Nitric Oxide production was measured by nitric oxide detection kit and Prostaglandin $E_2$ assay kit. Results : 1. The MTT assay demonstrated that cytotoxic effect of Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution in RAW 264.7 macrophages was not appeared. 2. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. 3. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. 4. Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution inhibited Prostaglandin $E_2$ production in lipopolysaccharide and interferon-gamma stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Conclusions : On the basis of these results, It was shown that Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution was able to inhibit the production of $PGE_2$ and NO, as well as COX-2 mRNA expression. Our results may provide new mechanism by which Ampelopsis Radix Pharmacopuncture solution accounts for its beneficial effect on accelerating wound healing and anti-inflammation.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of White Ginseng-Ejung-tang acupuncture solution (EJ) on nitric oxide (NO) and of hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages stimulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods : Cell viability was measured by modified MTT assay. NO production was measured by Griess reagent assay. Hydrogen peroxide production was measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR) assay. Significant differences were examined by using a Student's t-test. Results : The results of the experiment are as follows. 1. EJ did not show cell toxicity against RAW 264.7 cells for 24 hr incubation at the concentrations of up to $200\;{\mu}g$/mL in RAW 264.7 cells. 2. EJ significantly inhibited NO production for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 3. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of NO for 24 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). 4. EJ significantly inhibited the LPS-induced production of hydrogen peroxide for 16, 24, 40, 48, 64, and 72 hr incubation in RAW 264.7 cells (p <0.05). Conclusions : These results suggest that EJ has an anti-inflammtory property related with its inhibition of NO and hydrogen peroxide production in LPS-induced macrophages.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2005

Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (AR) has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases in Oriental medicine. To investigate whether AR possesses anti-inflammatory effects against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the BV2 microglial cells, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. reverse transcription -polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) assay, and nitric oxide (NO) detection assay were performed. From the present results, AR was shown to suppress PGE2 synthesis and NO production by inhibiting the LPS-stimulated enhancement of cyclooxygenase-2 and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in BV2 microglial cells. These results suggest that AR may offer a valuable means of therapy in the treatment of inflammatory diseases by attenuating LPS-induced PGE2 synthesis and NO production.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 2012

In this study, we investigated antibacterial activity and nitric oxide production inhibitory effect of the methanol extract and its fractions from Paeoniae Radix. In antibacterial activity by the disc diffusion assay against S. aureus, S. epidermidis and P. aeruginosa, the ethyl acetate fraction showed stronger antibacterial activity than other fractions and the extract. Moreover, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory effect in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cell. However, in NO scavenging ability, the chloroform fraction was higher than the other fractions and the extract. In the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay against RAW 264.7 cell, the extract and fractions were exhibited normal LDH release level as nontoxic result without the ehtyl acetate fraction of 100 ${\mu}g/ml$. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction and chloroform fraction of the methanol extract from Paeoniae Radix could be applicable to functional materials for antibacterial and anti-inflammatory related fields, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 2013

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of shaking stress in the hemolymph of the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum by quantification of nitric oxide (NO) levels. The clams were divided into 3 groups as follows: clams placed in a plain container (control), clams injected with nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (NAME, an NO inhibitor), and clams in a container filled with nylon fiber at a density of $1kg/m^3$. Subsequently, each group was placed in sea water and shaken at 100 rpm for 6 h. The concentration of NO was quantified by using DAF assay and Griess assay. Both the assays showed that while shaking significantly increased the NO concentration, the NO inhibitor reduced the NO concentration in the hemolymph of the clams tested. In addition, the nylon fiber, which was used as a filler, effectively prevented the increase in NO concentration. This result suggests that measurement of NO concentration is a useful tool for evaluation of physiological stress in marine bivalves. In addition, it should be considered that a filler is necessary when dredge fishing or the suspended clam culture method is developed.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.16-22
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• 2001

Novel yakuchinone derivatives have been designed, synthesized and evaluated their inhibitory activity of NO production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated macrophages. From this study, some enone compounds have been found to be highly active in the assay. In view of the importance of NO in septic shock and inflammation, these compounds may be useful candidates for the development of new drug to treat endotoxemia and inflammation accompanying overproduction of NO.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.186-191
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• 2013

Screenings of potential antioxidant activities of Crataegus pinnatifida BUNGE Major. fruits extracted 80% methanol were performed using four antioxidant assays. Significant differences were observed both in total phenolic contents (TPC) and total flavonoid contents (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging activity, nitric oxide scavenging activity, ABTS radical scavenging assay, and reducing power assay. The total polyphenol content and total flavonoid content in the extract were measured to be $224.4{\pm}0.52$ mg GAE/100 g and $12{\pm}0.25$ mg QE/100 g, respectively. When the tested concentration was $500{\mu}g/mL$, DPPH and ABTS radical-scavenging activities of methanolic extracts were 84.15% and 88.8%, respectively. The reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging activity were increased at the manner of dose-dependently. These results suggest that methanolic extracts of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge. fruits possess excellent radical scavenging activities and may serve as a potential source of natural antioxidant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.11
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• pp.699-704
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• 2011

Nitric oxide (NO) is a critical biological mediator involved in numerous diseases. However, the short lifetime of this molecule in biological conditions can make its study in situ complicated. Here, we review some recent results on the role of NO in angiogenesis, obtained using a biocompatible microelectrode array. This simple system allowed for the quick and easy quantification of NO released from cells grown directly on the surface of the sensor. We have used this technology to demonstrate that angiogenin induces NO release, and to partially elucidate its intracellular transduction pathway.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.116-120
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• 2005

Paeonol (2-hydroxy-5-methoxyacetophenone) obtained by silica gel column chromatography of the essential oil extracted from Paeonia moutan (Paeoniaceae) was methylated by dimethylsulfate to yield methylpaeonol (2,5-di-O-methylacetophenone). Both compounds inhibited nitric oxide (NO) foundation in lipopolysaccharide-induced macrophage RAW 264.7 cells in nitrite assay. In the western blotting assay, it was shown that both compounds also decreased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS)-and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2) formation. Methylpaeonol produced more potently inhibited NO-, iNOS and COX-2 formation in the assays than paeonol. These results suggest that paeonol is in part responsible for anti-inflammatory activity of Paeonia moutan, and that synthesis of paeonol derivatives may produce a promising candidate for andtiifnalmmatory agent.