• Proceedings of the KSMRM Conference
• /
• 2002.11a
• /
• pp.133-133
• /
• 2002

Purpose： The purpose of paper is to implement software to visualize brain fiber tract using a 24-bit color coding scheme and to test its feasibility. Materials and Methods： MR imaging was performed on GE 1.5 T Signa scanner. For diffusion tensor image, we used a single shot spin-echo EPI sequence with 7 non-colinear pulsed-field gradient directions： (x, y, z)：(1,1,0),(-1,1,0),(1,0,1),(-1,0,1),(0,1,1),(0,1,-1) and without diffusion gradient. B-factor was 500 sec/$\textrm{mm}^2$. Acquisition parameters are as follows： TUTE=10000ms/99ms, FOV=240mm, matrix=128${\times}$128, slice thickness/gap=6mm/0mm, total slice number=30. Subjects consisted of 10 normal young volunteers (age：21∼26 yrs, 5 men, 5 women). All DTI images were smoothed with Gaussian kernel with the FWHM of 2 pixels. Color coding schemes for visualization of directional information was as follows. HSV(Hue, Saturation, Value) color system is appropriate for assigning RGB(Red, Green, and Blue) value for every different directions because of its volumetric directional expression. Each of HSV are assigned due to (r,$\theta$,${\Phi}$) in spherical coordinate. HSV calculated by this way can be transformed into RGB color system by general HSV to RGB conversion formula. Symmetry schemes： It is natural to code the antipodal direction to be same color(antipodal symmetry). So even with no symmetry scheme, the antipodal symmetry must be included. With no symmetry scheme, we can assign every different colors for every different orientation.(H =${\Phi}$, S=2$\theta$/$\pi$, V=λw, where λw is anisotropy). But that may assign very discontinuous color even between adjacent yokels. On the other hand, Full symmetry or absolute value scheme includes symmetry for 180$^{\circ}$ rotation about xy-plane of color coordinate (rotational symmetry) and for both hemisphere (mirror symmetry). In absolute value scheme, each of RGB value can be expressed as follows. R=λw｜Vx｜, G=λw｜Vy｜, B=λw｜Vz｜, where (Vx, Vy, Vz) is eigenvector corresponding to the largest eigenvalue of diffusion tensor. With applying full symmetry or absolute value scheme, we can get more continuous color coding at the expense of coding same color for symmetric direction. For better visualization of fiber tract directions, Gamma and brightness correction had done. All of these implementations were done on the IDL 5.4 platform.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.296-305
• /
• 2023

The purpose of this study is to measure and compare the balance of motion between the left and right using a wearable sensor during upper limb exercise using an exercise equipment. Eight participants were asked to perform upper limb exercise using exercise equipment, and exercise data were measured through IMU sensors attached to both wrists. As a result of the PCA test, Euler Yaw(Left: 0.65, Right: 0.75), Roll(Left: 0.72, Right: 0.58), and Gyro X(Left: 0.64, Right: 0.63) were identified as the main components in the Butterfly exercise, and Euler Pitch(Left: 0.70, Right 0.70) and Gyro Z(Left: 0.70, Right: 0.71) were identified as the main components in the Lat pull down exercise. As a result of the Paired-T test of the Euler value, Yaw's Peak to Peak at Butterfly exercise and Roll's Mean, Yaw's Mean and Period at Lat pull down exercise were smaller than the significance level of 0.05, proving meaningful difference was found. In the Symmetry Index and Symmetry Ratio analysis, 89% of the subjects showed a tendency of dominant limb maintaining relatively higher angular movement performance then non-dominant limb as the Butterfly exercise proceeds. 62.5% of the subjects showed the same tendency during the Lat pull down exercise. These experimental results indicate that meaningful difference at balance of motion was found according to an increase in number of exercise trials.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.12 no.5
• /
• pp.2187-2196
• /
• 2011

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of gait training using rhythmic auditory stimulation on gait symmetry of stroke patients. Forty chronic stroke patients were divided into four groups by intervention. Group A and B received auditory stimulation when they walk with comfortable gait speed. Group A received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group B to non-paralyzed side. Group C and D received auditory stimulation with 10% faster gait speed than their comfortable gait speed. Group C received auditory stimulation to paralyzed side while group D to non-paralyzed side. Gait training using auditory stimulation was done in each group during five minutes. Gait symmetry was evaluated by formula and temporal variables of gait were measured by gait analysis system. Step time was decreased significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05), and gait symmetry was also improved significantly in all groups except group A (P<.05). Cadence was increased significantly in all groups except group A (p<.05), but velocity was not increased in all groups. Therefore we conclude that RAS gait training is effective in improving gait symmetry and can be useful to stroke patient's gait training.

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
• /
• v.29 no.spc1
• /
• pp.285-286
• /
• 1996

A systematric method of exploring the 'geometrical' and 'non-geometrical' constants of the motion for an arbitrary spacetime is presented. This is done by introducing a series of coupled differential equation for the generators of the symmetry group of Vlasov's equation. The method is applied to the case of the maximaly symmetric spectime, and the geometrical and non-geometrical constants of motion are obtained.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.311-319
• /
• 2021

Objective: To investigate the effect of emphasized initial contact by using a wearable air-pressure insole to provide auditory-feedback with variations of maximum peak pressure (MPP) of the affected side on spatiotemporal gait parameters and gait symmetry of stroke patients Design: A cross-sectional study Methods: Eighteen stroke patients participated in this study. All subjects walked five trials using an air-pressure insole that provides auditory feedback with different thresholds set on the insole. First, subjects walked without any auditory feedback. Then, the MPP threshold on the affected side was set from 70% and increase threshold by 10% after each trial until 100%. They walked three times or more on the gait analyzer for each trial, and the average values were measured. Before starting the experiment, subjects measured body weight, initial gait abilities and affected side MPP without auditory feedback. Results: Temporal and spatial variables were significantly increased in trials with auditory feedback from air-pressure insole except for non-paralyzed single support time and spatial gait symmetry compared to trials without auditory feedback(p<0.05). Among the four different thresholds, the walking speed, unaffected side single support time, affected and unaffected side stride, and affected side step length were greatest at 80% threshold of maximum peak, while affected single support time, temporal gait symmetry, and unaffected step length were greatest at the maximum peak of 100% threshold. Conclusions: These results indicate that auditory feedback gait using air-pressure insoles can be an effective way to improve walking speed, single support time, step length, stride, and temporal gait symmetry in stroke patients.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.41-47
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this study, during the lifting task was researching the difference and a relationship between the ground reaction force and the grip strength by change of position. After grip strength has measured in symmetry position and asymmetry position at 45cm and 75cm of height of hand, ground reaction force was measured by same attitude lifting wooden box. We analyzed the difference of grip strength and ground reaction force in each position change. The results of grip strength, the grip strength of both hand were significant difference that in study subject symmetry and asymmetry position (p<0.01). The results of symmetry lifting task, the study subjects was significant difference of the ground reaction force difference by height (p<0.05). Asymmetry lifting task was significant difference of ground reaction force difference by direction of rotation was changed (p<0.01). The result of it will rotate with non-dominant hand side of lifting tasks from height 75cm where it easily maintains a balance possibility and decreasing the load of the hand. Therefore, from the workshop in the work people, it will be between the height 75cm and non-dominant hand side of trunk rotatory direction in the lifting tasks. Future study is necessary researched about the change of grip strength when the height of the hand is higher, and the difference of the ground reaction force when the change of weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.277-280
• /
• 2003

It was investigated that the "ㄱ" type angle product could be bended with a curvature during extrusion by extru-bending process. The bending process for the "ㄱ" type angle product can be developed by the hot metal extru-bending machine with the two punches moving in the different velocity. Because of non-symmetry of product, it is important to design the ruled surface contour of dies cavity for the welding and bending with two billets. So it is designed that the multi-hole container has two non-symmetric holes and non-symmetric contour of dies entrance. The results of the experiment show that "ㄱ" type angle product can be bended by the extrusion process and that the curvature of the product can be controlled by the velocity of punch and that the defects such as the distortion of section and the thickness change of the product and the folding and wrinkling of the product did not happen after the bending processing by the extrusion bending machine.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
• /
• v.9 no.6
• /
• pp.595-602
• /
• 2007

This study examined the aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style which is being considered as the representative classic of Western fashion and the transformations of those Grecian styles on the fashion of the twentieth century. This study used positive research method using literatures on art history and clothing history, fashion related publications, and magazines and websites to understand the trend of fashion designer's collections. The study results are as follows. The aesthetic characteristics of Grecian style was considered to be the ideal beauty combined with symmetry, the functional beauty combined with non-construction, and the sensual beauty combined with natural body. The ideal beauty combined with symmetry appears as a style that shows idealistic proportion of a body emphasizing high-waist based on the golden ratio and the body as a whole rather than details. The functional beauty combined with non-construction appears as perfect recreation a body in its original and natural form. The clothing takes a form that does not have any structural design and has simplified cutting and sewing. It uses pins and strings to fix up the form of clothing which is flexible and naturally draped. The sensual beauty combined with natural body is found in natural silhouette dress alluding naked body in connection with Rousseau' naturalism in neoclassic period. Throughout the twentieth century, the desire for Grecian style was conveyed by a single detail or through an array of allusive effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.2
• /
• pp.29-41
• /
• 2009

Perception between real object and recognized subject of human on objective subject is not the same. The reason Is that individual perception of visual design components are transmitted as the image of whole. It is required process of visual perception. Therefore, I developed the vision of seeing image of pattern which is based on Gestalt visual perception theory in clothes. The summary of this study's results is like followings. Extremely antagonistic terms which are specialized by formative characteristics of formative components are clearness and blur of outline/ fixed shape and non-fixed shape/ visuality and tangibility of representation/ simplicity and complexity of structure/ invariability and variability of mobility/ symmetry and asymmetry of arrangements singularity and plurality of group number. The expression of motive shows that clearness, fixed shape, visuality and simplicity pursuit Determination image, and blur, non-fixed shape, tangibility and complexity pursuit Ambiguity image. The arrangements of motive shows that invariability, symmetry and singularity pursuit Order image, and variability asymmetry and plurality pursuit Disorder image. Therefore, the standard of the coordinator of Pattern image positioning is established as Determination and Ambiguity of motive are X-axis, and Order and Disorder of pattern are Y-axis. As the frame of Pattern image positioning, four separated dimensions have made.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.46-52
• /
• 2024

Background: This study aims to investigate compensatory strategy in a dog with glenoid dysplasia using kinetic gait analysis before and after reconstruction of medial patellar luxation. Design: Case report Method: On the platform, gait analysis was evaluated for a dog with congenital luxation and bilateral medial patellar luxation (MPL). A dog was evaluated for maximal vertical force (MVF), body load distribution (BLD), and symmetry index (SI), including the left forelimb with congenital luxation before MPL surgery, 15 days of surgery, and 40 days of surgery. Result:: In the comparison between the preoperative and the 15 days of surgery, the MVF of the bilateral forelimbs, especially in the non-affected forelimbs, increased, and the SI also increased. For BLD, the maximum load distribution increased, but the total load distribution decreased. In the comparison of 15 days and 40 days of surgery, MVF and BLD increased, and SI decreased on 40days of surgery. Conclusions: In a dog, the shift in weight load to the non-affected side occurs all the limbs, affecting the peak vertical force, weight load distribution, and symmetry index.