• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제85권3호
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• pp.360-371
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• 1996

산림휴양자원의 효과적인 관리를 위해서는 휴양지의 현재 관리상태를 평가하고 이를 토대로 지속적으로 관리할 수 있는 객관적이고 수량화된 평가기준의 설정이 필요하다. 규범적 접근방법은 이러한 평가기준을 설정할 수 있는 하나의 대안으로써, 학자들 사이에 이에 대한 관심이 증대되고 있으며 그 유용성 또한 강조되어 왔다. 본 연구는 1993년도에 지리산 국립공원내의 두 야영장(뱀사골 야영장과 제2야영장)을 이용하는 야영객들을 대상으로 실시한 현지설문조사를 토대로 수행되었다. 규범적 접근방법을 이용하여 8개 지표항목에 대한 평가기준을 설정하고 이를 토대로 현재 야영장 관리상태를 평가하였다. 뱀사골 야영장과 제2야영장에서 모두 소음시간과 쓰레기 버리는 행위에 대한 현재 상태가 본 연구에서 설정된 평가기준보다 좋지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 무례한 행위, 텐트수, 야영객수, 급수시설을 이용하기 위해 기다리는 시간은 뱀사골 야영장에서만 평가기준보다 불량한 것으로 나타났다. 텐트사이의 거리와 화장실을 이용하기 위해 기다라는 시간에 대한 현재 상태는 두 야영장에서 모두 평가기준보다 양호했다. 본 연구는 규범적 접근방법이 평가기준설정을 위해 실질적으로 어떻게 이용될 수 있는가를 소개하고, 분석결과를 토대로 휴양자원 관리개선방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.137-158
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• 2023

디지털화가 급속도로 진행되는 현대 데이터 사회에서 데이터 활용에 있어 데이터의 개방성과 더불어 신뢰성 및 공정성 확보 또한 강조되고 있다. 본 연구는 다차원적 관점에서 데이터 민주주의 개념을 정의하고 규범적 가치의 요소를 제시함으로써 데이터 민주주의 체계와 현황을 파악하고 평가할 수 있는 지표 개발과 선정에 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하는 것을 목표로 한다. 우선 데이터 민주주의의 논의를 위한 토대로써 Kneuer(2016)의 개념을 토대로 자유롭고 공평한 접근, e-참여, e-정부를 e-민주주의의 주요 요소로 제시하였다. 이러한 e-민주주의의 규범적 원리를 토대로 데이터 거버넌스의 질 향상을 위해 데이터 민주주의 개념의 이해 및 실제 적용을 위한 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크 및 구성요소로 포용성과 형평성, 참여, 민주적 주권을 도출하였다. 본 연구에서는 데이터 민주주의 실천을 위한 데이터 리터러시의 중요성을 강조하고, 문헌정보학에서 데이터 민주주의의 규범적 프레임워크에 근거한 새로운 교육과정 개발 및 평가에 관한 연구를 후속 과제로 제시하였다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.106-128
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• 2007

The Korean health care system is under great controversy. Over the last 30 years, main goal of health policies was to pursue equal access of health care services. However, another goal of health policies laid on efficiency and Quality of care, it had lower priorities. Superficially, controversy stems from priority setting among goals of health care system, equity, efficiency and quality. At a deeper level, arguments arise from disagreement and confusion about the values of Korean health care system. One of the value spectrums believes that health care is the basic right of human beings, therefore it should be produced and distributed on need approach, and needs are known to be decided by professionals. If we accept need approach, health care is a pubic good. Another value of spectrums considers that health care should be distributed on demand approach. Demand approach means that health care is a consumption good on the positive economics, while normative judgement believes that health care is a public good. In equity aspect, health care is considered as a public good. Over the last several years, some of scholars proposed health care reform based on the principle of competition which is based on demand approach. Others argue that the competition principle based on demand approach is not appropriate for the reform proposal, because health care has to be approached on need base. If we do not make explicit values we should adopt, consensus building for reform is nearly impossible. From this perspective, this article will review an ideology and reality in health policies in Korea.

• 한국철학논집
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• 제50호
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• pp.333-361
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• 2016

본 연구는 전통의 규범적 의미에 대한 재해석과 범주화의 탐구를 목적으로 한다. 행위의 규정 근거로서 전통은 규범적 의미를 지니며, 도덕의 중요한 원천이다. 통시적 맥락에서 볼 때, 생태문화적 관점에서 고찰할 때, 전통적 가치는 그 연원이 있고, 시대적 사회적 변화에 따른 변용과 왜곡의 모습을 지니기도 한다. 전통적 가치가 민주시민으로서 미래 사회를 대비하는 데 기여하기 위해서는 재해석과 범주화가 필요하다. 미래 한국사회의 변화 전망 속에 유효한 전통의 규범적 의미는 그 연원으로부터 재해석을 통해 도출될 수 있다. 본고의 논의 순서는 다음과 같다. 먼저 생태문화적 관점에서 전통적 가치의 동적인 변화상을 살펴보고, 한국사회에서 전통적 가치에 대한 사회적 인식을 바탕으로 대표적인 전통적 가치인 충효의 현대적 재해석의 가능성을 탐색하고자 한다. 끝으로 서구적 가치와 한국의 전통적 가치를 포괄하는 한국적 가치의 맥락 속에서 전통적 가치의 범주화와 그 함의를 밝히고자 한다.

• 재무관리연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.21-34
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• 1986

The purpose of this study is to analyse the risk and uncertainty involved in the capital budgeting which is executed in long periods and requires massive capital expenditure. Under risk and uncertainty conditions, the estimates in the capital budgeting are random variables rather than known constants. Two approaches have emerged in performing economic analysis that explicitly incorporate risk and uncertainty conditions in the analysis. One approach is to develop a descriptive model which describes the economic performance of an individual investment alternative. But no recomendation would be forthcoming from the model. Rather, the decision-maker would be furnished descriptive information concerning each alternative; the final choice among the alternatives would required a separate action. The second approach is to develop a normative model which includes an objective function to be maximized or minimized. The output from the model prescribes the course of action to be taken. Owing to the fact that the normative approach considers the fitness of criteria for decision-making its reasonableness looks better. But it is almost imposible that we correctly and easily derive the individuals' utility function. So within we recognize the limits of the descriptive methods, it is more practicle to analyse the investment alternatives by sensitivity analysis.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to examine the structural relationship between customers' perception of authenticity, justice, customer commitment, and customer behavior in franchise coffee shops. To test the hypotheses of the study, a total of 428 customers in Korea were considered in an empirical analysis using a two-step structural equation model (SEM) approach. In particular, employees' authenticity had relatively great influence on customers' continuous and affective commitment and their justice had greater influence on customers' normative commitment. Also, customers' continuous commitment, normative commitment, and affective commitment significantly influence customer participation behavior, while normative commitment and affective commitment have a significant effect customer citizenship behavior. Research thus far divided justice and authenticity into separate concepts and examined relation with customer commitment or behaviors but the present study put cognitive process of justice and emotional process of authenticity on the same line and evaluated their different influence on customer commitment and behaviors, thereby verifying that not justice perceived by customers induced desirable customer behaviors but authenticity they felt with their heart played a more superior role in customer commitment or behaviors. This means that authentic services rather than justice induce customers' positive behaviors.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제11권
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• pp.301-335
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• 1998

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.21-39
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• 2023

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to confirm that five different working positions show different Organizational Commitment (OC) and factors influencing OC levels in the Chinese MNCs. Design/methodology/approach - The study collected data of 326 employees in different positions in Chinese MNCs abroad and in domestic country. To test hypotheses, ANOVA analysis and linearity regression are used with SPSS 26 and AMOS 26 software on the collected data. Findings - Results shows that different working groups do not show significant difference of AC and CC level. However, there are significant difference of NC among the five groups in the Chinese MNCs. Employee's position and marital status are positively related to CC and NC. Tenure is positively related to AC. Research implications or Originality - Our research offers insight for further research direction on OC difference research. It provides implication for Chinese MNCs to consider more about strategies how to stimulate host country employee's normative commitment.

• 한국가족관계학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.53-80
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• 2018

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate individual awareness variables influencing emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions of unmarried men and women. Independent variables were values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, perceptions and availabilities of marriage-related policies, views on the marriageable age, psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by significant people, and views on parents' support for marriage fund. Method: 553 unmarried men and women in Daegu, Korea were surveyed, and the data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, factor analysis, multivariate analysis of variance(MANOVA), multiple regression analysis, and hierarchical regression analysis with SPSS 22.0. Results: First, this study was more exploratory and in-depth approach to marriage intentions than precedent studies. The sub factors of marriage intentions were emotional, normative, and functional marriage ones. Second, emotional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage personally or by friends influenced emotional marriage intention. Third, normative marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, religion, occupational status, employment condition, dating, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, values of offspring, perception to unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, view on the marriageable age, availabilities of marriage-related information offering policies, and psychological burdens of pressure to marriage by mother influenced normative marriage intention. Fourth, functional marriage intention showed significant differences depending on gender, job, parents' support for marriage fund, views on the marriageable age, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Among the individual awareness variables, functional marriage intention was influenced by values of offspring, perception about unmarried life, attitudes toward multiple role planning, and degree of acceptance of parents' support for marriage fund. Finally, the hierarchical regression analysis showed that individual awareness variables influenced on marriage intentions. Especially, values of offspring, perceptions to unmarried, and attitudes toward multiple role planning influenced on emotional, normative, and functional marriage intentions in common. Conclusions: The findings from these analyses suggest that the selective process based on the individual awareness has become very significant to having marriage intentions. Therefore, this study will contribute as the basic data on national marriage-related policies. Furthermore, this study will be able to use to think about the marriage intention as a task to be preceded by the national policy in order to prepare for Korea 's low fertility and aging phenomenon.

• 한국디지털정책학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국디지털정책학회 2006년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.197-204
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• 2006

This paper tried to develop differentiation strategies of policy process in governance. Firstly, we reviewed model of policy making(output-oriented model and process-oriented model, normative or idealistic approach and realistic or empirical approach, rational model and cognitive model etc). Now gumi city is making the policy based on the process-oriented model, realistic or empirical approach, cognitive model. So gumi city was winner the test of provinces innovation in 2005. Therefore, when we make the policy, consider these factor: citizen and public service personnel participate policy making process and control policy quality.