• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.91-94
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• 2013

We use the outer gap model to explain the spectrum and the energy dependent light curves of the X-ray and soft ${\gamma}$-ray radiations of the spin-down powered pulsar PSR B1509-58. In the outer gap model, most pairs inside the gap are created around the null charge surface and the gap's electric field separates the opposite charges to move in opposite directions. Consequently, the region from the null charge surface to the light cylinder is dominated by the outflow current and that from the null charge surface to the star is dominated by the inflow current. We suggest that the viewing angle of PSR B1509-58 only receives the inflow radiation. The incoming curvature photons are converted to pairs by the strong magnetic field of the star. The X-rays and soft ${\gamma}$-rays of PSR B1509-58 result from the synchrotron radiation of these pairs. The magnetic pair creation requires a large pitch angle, which makes the pulse profile of the synchrotron radiation distinct from that of the curvature radiation. We carefully trace the pulse profiles of the synchrotron radiation with different pitch angles. We find that the differences between the light curves of different energy bands are due to the different pitch angles of the secondary pairs, and the second peak appearing at E > 10 MeV comes from the region near the star, where the stronger magnetic field allows the pair creation to happen with a smaller pitch angle.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.3861-3864
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• 2013

Glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme levels are associated with risk of many cancers, including hematologic tumours. We here aimed to investigate the relationships between GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms and the risk of AML. Genotyping of GSTs was based upon duplex polymerase-chain-reactions with the confronting-two-pair primer (PCR-CTPP) method in 163 cases and 204 controls. Individuals carrying null GSTT1 genotype had a 1.64 fold risk of acute leukemia relative to a non-null genotype (P<0.05). A heavy risk was observed in those carrying combination of null genotypes of GSTM1 and GSTT1 and GSTP1 Val allele genotypes when compared with those carrying wild genotypes, with an OR (95% CI) of 3.39 (1.26-9.26) (P<0.05). These findings indicate that genetic variants of GST and especially the GSTT1 gene have a critical function in the development of AML. Our study offers important insights into the molecular etiology of AML.

• Honam Mathematical Journal
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.823-835
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• 2019

A solution for Nevanlinna-Pick interpolation problem with low complexity is constructed via non-recursive method. More precisely, a stable rational function satifying the given interpolation data in the complex right half plane is found by solving a homogeneous interpolation problem related to a minial interpolation problem for the given data in the right half plane together with its mirror-image data.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.502-506
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• 2010

Soybean seed possesses about 15 allergenic proteins recognized by IgEs from soy-sensitive human. The allergenic impact of soybean proteins limit its extensive usage in a broad range of processed foods. Soybean protein P34 or Gly m Bd 30k of the cysteine protease family is one of the major allergen of the soybean seed. P34-null soybean, PI567476, was identified among soybean (Glycine max & Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc) of approximately 16,226 accessions from USDA soybean germplasm screened. Also, for P34 gene (Williams 82; whole genome sequence cultivar) and P34 null gene (PI567476) comparative analysis of sequences listed in the NCBI database showed the presence of a SSLP (Simple Sequence Length Polymorphism) of 4 base pair. So, a SSLP marker was designed to reveal the polymorphism of the locus. In this study, a population of 339 $F_2$ recombinant inbred lines generated by cross between Taekwang (Glycine max) and PI567476 was used to select $F_{2:3}$ plant of a P34 null gene. The result separation rate Taekwang type, heterozygous type and PI567476 type were shown in 85: 187: 67 since single gene is concerned in as the separation rate of 1:2:1 in $X^2{_{0.05}}=5.99$, df=2. In future, selected plant will identify protein level, whether P34 null protein is equal to P34 null gene.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.44-50
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• 1995

This paper describes a large-vocabulary continuous speech recognition system using continuous hidden Markov models for the Korean language. To improve the performance of the system, we study on the selection of speech modeling units, inter-word modeling, search algorithm, and grammars. We used triphones as basic speech modeling units, generalized triphones and function word-dependent phones are used to improve the trainability of speech units and to reduce errors in function words. Silence between words is optionally inserted by using a silence model and a null transition. Word pair grammar and bigram model based oil word classes are used. Also we implement a search algorithm to find N-best candidate sentences. A postprocessor reorders the N-best sentences using word triple grammar, selects the most likely sentence as the final recognition result, and finally corrects trivial errors related with postpositions. In recognition tests using a 3,000-word continuous speech database, the system attained $93.1\%$ word recognition accuracy and $73.8\%$ sentence recognition accuracy using word triple grammar in postprocessing.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.15
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• pp.6429-6438
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• 2015

Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) play an important role in detoxification of carcinogenic electrophiles. The null genotypes in GSTM1 and GSTT1 have been implicated in carcinogenesis. Present study was planned to evaluate the influence of genetic polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene loci in cervical carcinogenesis. The study was conducted in Lok Nayak hospital, New Delhi. DNA from clinical scrapes of 482 women with minor gynaecologic complaints attending Gynaecology OPD and tumor biopsies of 135 cervical cancer cases attending the cancer clinic was extracted. HPV DNA was detected by standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using L1 consensus primer pair. Polymorphisms of GSTM1 and GSTT1 were analysed by multiplex PCR procedures. Differences in proportions were tested using Pearson's Chi-square test with Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The risk of cervical cancer was almost three times in women with GSTM1 homozygous null genotype (OR-2.62, 95%CI, 1.77-3.88; p<0.0001). No association of GSTM1 or GSTT1 homozygous null genotypes was observed in women with normal, precancerous and cervical cancerous lesions among ${\leq}35$ or >35 years of age groups. Smokers with null GSTT1 genotype had a higher risk of cervical cancer as compared to non-smokers (OR-3.01, 95% CI, 1.10-8.23; p=0.03). The results further showed that a significant increased risk of cervical cancer was observed in HPV positive smoker women with GSTT1 (OR-4.36, 95% CI, 1.27-15.03; p=0.02) and GSTM1T1 (OR-3.87, 95% CI, 1.05-14.23; p=0.04) homozygous null genotypes as compared to HPV positive non smokers. The results demonstrate that the GST null genotypes were alone not associated with the development of cervical cancer, but interacted with smoking and HPV to exert effects in our Delhi population.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.41 no.8
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• pp.598-604
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• 2014

In this paper, we develop stepwise regression data envelopment model to select important variables. We formulate null hypothesis to understand the importance of each variable and use Kruskal-Wallis test for this purpose. If the Kruskal-Wallis test does reject the null hypothesis this will imply there is significant fluctuation in the efficiency score relative to base model. And therefore we have to further check the pair of variables that causes the fluctuation in order to determine its importance using Conover-Inman test. The proposed models helps understand the extent of misclassification decision making units as efficient/inefficient when variables are retained or discarded alongside provides useful managerial prescription to make improvement strategies.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.28 no.9A
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• pp.702-709
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an efficient and QoS-aware MAC scheduling algorithm for Bluetooth, which considers both throughput and delay performance of each Master-Slave pair in scheduling decisions, and thus, attempts to maximize overall performance. The proposed algorithm, MTDPP (Modified Throughput-Delay Priority Policy), makes up for the drawbacks of T-D PP (Throughput-Delay Priority Policy) proposed in [6] and improves the performance. Since Bluetooth employs a master-driven TDD based scheduling algorithm, which is basically operated with the Round Robin policy, many slots may be wasted by POLL or NULL packets when there is no data waiting for transmission in queues. To overcome this link wastage problem, several algorithms have been proposed. Among them, queue state-based priority policy and low power mode-based algorithm can perform with high throughput and reasonable fairness. However, their performances may depend on traffic characteristics, i.e., static or dynamic, and they require additional computational and signaling overheads. In order to tackle such problems, we propose a new scheduling algorithm. Performance of our proposed algorithm is evaluated with respect to throughput and delay. Simulation results show that overall performances can be improved by selecting suitable parameters of our algorithm.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.259-263
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• 1998

High molecular weight glutenin (HMW-Glu) subunit compositions of 73 Korean wheat cultivars and experimental lines were evaluated by using one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. This method is suitable for obtaining a good resolution of 1Dx2 and 1Ax2$^*$ without adverse effects on separation of other HMW-Glu subunits. Korean wheats examined in this study could be divided into 15 different groups on the basis of HMW-Glu subunit compositions. From the wheat lines tested, it was identified that there were three alleles at the Glu-Al, five at the Glu-Bl and three at the Glu-D1 loci. The null allele of the Glu-Al was occurred in high frequency (79.4%), while low frequencies for 1Ax1 (12.3%) and 1Ax2$^*$(8.2%) were found. High frequency (75.3%) of the subunit pairs of 1Bx7+1By8 at the Glu-Bl loci compared with other subunits was found. The frequencies of subunits 1Dx2. 2+1Dy12 and 1Dx2+1Dy12 from the Glu-D1 loci were 54. 8% and 37.0%, respectively. However, a few Korean wheat lines (8.2%) carried 1Dx5 + 1Dy10 subunit pair which are responsible for good breadmaking quality. The information of HMW-Glu subunit compositions provide a useful tool to characterize wheat lines, and can be directly used in selection of breeding lines of different end-use properties.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.3-25
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• 2012

Generally speaking, firms, faced with a regulatory environment, are likely to use more or less inputs than optimal level due to allocative inefficiency of inputs. This paper, first, tests allocative efficiency of fuel inputs and calculates the divergence between the actual and optimal levels of each fuel input conditional on the optimal level of capital stock in Korean thermal power industry. Then, given that each fuel is efficiently allocated. potential reduction of $CO_2$ is estimated over the period 1987~2008. The null hypothesis of allocative efficiency with respect to all fuels is rejected, indicating that thermal power plants fail to attain cost minimization subject do market prices. Allocative efficiency between each pair of fuels is also tested; efficient uses of fuels relative to each other are all rejected. Empirical results indicate that coal and gas are used more and oil is used less than optimal level. On average, more than 10 million tons of $CO_2$ per year could be reduced by achieving allocative efficiency of fuels.