• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권12호
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• pp.2228-2236
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• 2017

During menopausal transition, the imbalance of estrogen causes body weight gain. Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been reported in postmenopausal obesity, it is not clear whether there is any difference in the microbiome profile between dietary-induced obesity and postmenopausal obesity. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed intestinal samples from ovariectomized mice and compared them with those of mice with high-fat diet-induced obesity. To further evaluate the presence of menopause-specific bacteria-gene interactions, we also analyzed the liver transcriptome. Investigation of the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region amplicon sequence profile revealed that menopausal obesity and dietary obesity resulted in similar gut microbiome structures. However, Bifidobacterium animalis was exclusively observed in the ovariectomized mice, which indicated that menopausal obesity resulted in a different intestinal microbiome than dietary obesity. Additionally, several bacterial taxa (Dorea species, Akkermansia muciniphila, and Desulfovibrio species) were found when the ovariectomized mice were treated with a high-fat diet. A significant correlation between the above-mentioned menopause-specific bacteria and the genes for female hormone metabolism was also observed, suggesting the possibility of bacteria-gene interactions in menopausal obesity. Our findings revealed the characteristics of the intestinal microbiome in menopausal obesity in the mouse model, which is very similar to the dietary obesity microbiome but having its own diagnostic bacteria.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.17-28
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• 2010

Objectives It is significant to determine the validation of a self-administered somatotype drawing for the simple assessment of childhood obesity in elementary school and clinical practice. Methods The subjects were 202 children(112 boys and 90 girls) who answered a questionnaire for somatotype drawing and weremeasured for body components with bioelectrical impedance. The somatotype drawing of children was analysed according to the three criteria of childhood obesity - BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, respectively. Results BMI, waist-hip ratio, skeletal musclemass and proteinmass had significant differences(p<.05) between boys and girls. Somatotype drawing had the highest correlation with BMI in both boys and girls, and also showed a high correlation with BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat.According to these criteria of childhood obesity, the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with the obesity index, next turn was the percent body fat and then the BMI percentile. Conclusions The validation of somatotype drawing for the assessment of childhood obesity was analysed according to BMI percentile, obesity index and percent body fat, and the somatotype drawing was the best consistent with obesity index in both boys and girls.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.251-257
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• 2018

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: There are few studies that forecast the future prevalence of obesity based on the predicted prevalence model including contributing factors. The present study aimed to identify factors associated with obesity and construct forecasting models including significant contributing factors to estimate the 2020 and 2030 prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Panel data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and national statistics from the Korean Statistical Information Service were used for the analysis. The study subjects were 17,685 male and 24,899 female adults aged 19 years or older. The outcome variables were the prevalence of obesity (body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) and abdominal obesity (waist circumference ${\geq}90cm$ for men and ${\geq}85cm$ for women). Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to select significant variables from potential exposures. RESULTS: The survey year, age, marital status, job status, income status, smoking, alcohol consumption, sleep duration, psychological factors, dietary intake, and fertility rate were found to contribute to the prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity. Based on the forecasting models including these variables, the 2020 and 2030 estimates for obesity prevalence were 47% and 62% for men and 32% and 37% for women, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study suggested an increased prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in 2020 and 2030. Lifestyle factors were found to be significantly associated with the increasing trend in obesity prevalence and, therefore, they may require modification to prevent the rising trend.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.32-42
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the association between obesity and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in Korean adults without cardiovascular disease (CVD). Methods: The subjects were 3,634 adults, and data were extracted from the seventh Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES VII-3). A complex sampling design analysis was applied to reflect the stratified and clustered weights. The data were analyzed using the complex sample Rao-Scott chi-square test and multiple logistic regression analysis (in SPSS for Windows version 26.0). Obesity, according to body mass index (BMI), was defined as obesity (BMI = 25-29.9 kg/m²), high obesity (BMI = 30-34.9 kg/m²), and super-high obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m²), and abdominal obesity (AO) was defined as a waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 cm in males and WC ≥ 85 cm in females. Results: The odds ratios for moderate CVD risk (hs-CRP; 1-3 mg/dL) were 2.21, 4.16, and 7.13 in the obesity, high obesity, and super-high obesity groups, respectively, compared to the normal BMI group. The odds ratio for moderate CVD risk was 2.18 in males with AO and 1.88 in females with AO. The odds ratios for high CVD risk (hs-CRP > 3 mg/L) were 4.40 and 17.55 in the high obesity and super-high obesity groups, respectively, compared to the normal BMI group. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that early detection and prevention programs for CVD should include obesity-related interventions aiming to modulate hs-CRP.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-125
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• 2003

Background： Recently, adolescent obesity was increased and tended to become obese adults, facing increased risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease. Even before reaching adulthood, adolescent obesity already was experiencing hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study was to find prevalence of obesity of high school students in Jeju island and association between obesity and cardiovascular risk factors and association between childhood obesity and adolescent obesity. Method： The study subjects were 6,064 students of twenty-two high school in Jeju island and health survey data was gathered from high school health examination data and hospital health examination data from Aug. 1999 to Dec. 1999. Adolescent obesity was evaluated by ideal body weight method in 1998 and body mass index. Cardiovascular risk factors were checked total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood sugar. In 1,534 students, obesity at primary school is checked by primary and middle school health record. Results： Prevalence of obesity in Jeju island high school students is 12.6% in male students, 13.3% in female students by ideal body weight method and 8.7% in male students, 8.5% in female students by body mass index. Prevalence of obesity of male students in city area and district area of Jeju island were each 12.9%, 10.3% and that of male students in city area was significantly higher. Prevalence of obesity of female students in city area and district area of Jeju island were each 12.9%, 14.2% and not significantly different. Prevalence of obesity of male students in general and commercial school group were each 13.9%, 10.1% and that of general school group was significantly higher. In female students, Prevalence of obesity general and commercial school group was not significantly different. Total cholesterol, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly associated with degree of obesity in male and female students(p＜0.05) and fasting blood sugar was only significantly associated with degree of obesity in male students(p＜0.05). In 1,514 students checked by health record, Odds ratio of obesity at primary and middle school that at high school were 12.96∼22.77 and was significantly associated. Conclusion： Prevalence of obesity of high school students in Jeju island is very high and adolescent obesity was significantly associated with cardiovascular risk factors. Mostly childhood obesity tended to become adolescent obesity and program of control of obesity at childhood and adolescence is required.

• Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 2017

Background: In Korea, the prevalence of obesity has steadily increased, and the socioeconomic burden of obesity has increased along with it. In 2015, the National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) signed a memorandum of understanding with the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO), providing limited open access to its databases so that the status of obesity and obesity management could be investigated. Methods: Using NHIS databases, we analyzed nationwide population-based studies for obesity using the definition of obesity (body mass index ${\geq}25kg/m^2$) in subjects over the age of 20. Age and sex standardization were used for all data. Results: The KSSO released the 'Obesity Fact Sheet 2016' using the 2006-2015 NHIS Health Checkup database. The prevalence of obesity steadily increased from 28.7% in 2006 to 32.4% in 2015, and the prevalence of abdominal obesity also steadily increased from 18.4% in 2009 to 20.8% in 2015. The prevalence of class II obesity steadily increased from 2006 to 2015, such that the total prevalence was 4.8% in 2015 (5.6% in men and 4.0% in women). The highest prevalence of obesity was found in Jeju Island, while the lowest prevalence was found in Daegu City. The highest prevalence of abdominal obesity was also found in Jeju Island, while the lowest prevalence was found in Gwangju City. Conclusion: Based on the Obesity Fact Sheet 2016, a strategy for reducing the prevalence of obesity is needed, especially in Korean men.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2001

Obesity is a metabolic disease associated with multiple hormonal abnormalities. Therefore, obesity management aims at balancing these endocrine malfunctions nowadays. Although many studies proved interactions of hormones related with obesity, there are still lots of controversies. Most of these malfunctions are more pronounced in central, visceral obesity than in peripheral obesity. Recently, it is revealed that a central lesion of endocrine malfunction in human visceral obesity is probably related with a hypersensitivity of hypothalamopituitary-adrenal(HPA) axis. Probably associated with this axis, Insulin and cortisol promote lipid accumulation by expressing lipoprotein lipase activity, while sex hormones and growth hormone exert the opposite effects. Also reviewed was thyroid hormone which is closely related with thermogenesis. Serotonin is prescribed as antidepressant and it is applied to some eating disorders. Recently, leptin made in fat deposit also took attentions in terms of regulator of appetite and messenger of sex signal.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제64권10호
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• pp.511-518
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• 2021

The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. While obesity is known to increase a variety of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, it also acts as a risk factor for the development and progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). During childhood and adolescence, severe obesity is associated with an increased prevalence and incidence of the early stages of kidney disease. Importantly, children born to obese mothers are also at increased risk of developing obesity and CKD later in life. The potential mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and CKD include hemodynamic factors, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity. Weight reduction via increased physical activity, caloric restriction, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, and judicious bariatric surgery can be used to control obesity and obesity-related kidney disease. Preventive strategies to halt the obesity epidemic in the healthcare community are needed to reduce the widespread deleterious consequences of obesity including CKD development and progression.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.53-58
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• 2022

While the rising epidemic of obesity is primarily attributed to a sedentary lifestyle, poor dietary habits, and the aging of the population, secondary causes of obesity generally go undetected and untreated. These include endocrinological disorders, such as Cushing's syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, hypothalamic obesity, hypogonadism, and hypothyroidism, as well as genetic, syndromic, and drug-related obesity. We present an overview of the major disorders associated with obesity, highlighting the pathophysiologic mechanisms and discussing the diagnostic and treatment strategies that are most helpful to practicing physicians in recognizing and treating these generally under-detected and undertreated disorders.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.256-265
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examined the definitions, diagnostic criteria, and measurements of sarcopenic obesity and identified effective exercise interventions that improve cardiometabolic outcomes in middle-aged and older adults, in whom the prevalence of sarcopenic obesity is increasing. Methods: This comprehensive review followed the principles of literature search, data extraction, and review, as described in the PRISMA 2009 guidelines. Results: The 11 articles included in this study presented different concepts of sarcopenic obesity. Exercise interventions for sarcopenic obesity varied in their effects. Resistance exercise improved muscle mass and physical function, while aerobic exercise primarily impacted obesity and cardiometabolic indicators. Combined exercise had mixed results across indicators. Conclusion: This study addressed a pressing public health concern in the context of an aging population, acknowledged the unique challenges of sarcopenic obesity, and attempted to clarify definitions and assessment methods, while identifying effective exercise interventions to reduce cardiometabolic risk. Sarcopenic obesity is a multifaceted condition with varying definitions and diagnostic criteria. Its association with cardiometabolic risk underscores the need for comprehensive assessments considering both muscle and obesity indicators. While exercise interventions hold promise for managing sarcopenic obesity, further research is required to establish effective strategies.