• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2007

In this study, the concentrations of offensive odorous compounds seasonally emitted from the chemical plant at Chongju industrial complex in Korea were determined by the analytical methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and uv/vis spectroscopy. The kinds of offensive odorous compounds examined are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine and ammonia. The seasonally emission levels of all odorous compounds except dimethyl sulfide at 13 sampling points of plant were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The levels were the highest in June, and lowest in December. The propion aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in June and December, butyl aldehyde in December, and n-valeric aldehyde were not detected in all the three seasons at any sampling points of the plant examined. But in June, dimethyl sulfide was emitted up to 16 times than that of the regulation level.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2012

In this study, the characteristic of offensive major odorous compound from the Bon-San industrial complex in Gimhae were determined by analytical methods of Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The kind of major odorous compounds examined acetaldehyde, sulfur compounds, ammonia and styrene. The concentration of all odorous compounds at 3 sampling points of industrial complex were lower than those of regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The mean concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 0.0235 ppm at sampling point 2, it was higher than other sampling point. Complex odors was lower than regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 1998

Musty-odorous compound (Geosmin, 2-Methylisobrneol) 수용액 중에 초음파 (200kHz, $6.0W/cm^{2}$)를 조사시켜 조사시간에 따른 농도 및 취기의 변화를 고찰했다. 초음파 조사에 의해 이 물질들은 빠르게 분해되었고 분해 형태는 농도에 대한 유사1차 반응을 나타내었다. 공기 포화 분위기에서 이들의 초기 분해속도는 각각 2.5 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$(2-MIB), 3.2 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$ (Geosmin)로 나타났다. 초음파 조사 시 포화가스 (Envelope gas)의 영향은 아르곤(Ar) 산소($O_{2}$) 공기(Air) 질소($N_{2}$) 순서로 순수한 아르곤(Ar) 분위기에서 musty-odorous compound 류의 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고 그 분해생성물로 CO, $CO_{2}$ 그리고 HCOOH, $CH_{3}COOH$ 등의 저급 유기산류가 검출되었다. 또한 이들의 분해반응은 물의 초음파분해에 따라 생성된 hydroxylradical에 의한 radical반응, cavitation bubble내에서의 고온고압에 의한 열분해 및 직접연소반응으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2007

The concentrations of offensive odorous compounds emitted from the two chemical plants in Chongju and Yeosu industrial complex in Korea were determined by uv/vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The odorous compounds examined in this study are ammonia, trimethyl amine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propion aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. The concentrations of those were determined from the 10 sampling points of the two plants, respectively. The emission concentrations of all odorous com-pounds examined in the two plants were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of industrial complex in Korea, respectively. The propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide in Chongju and Yeosu plants, and butyl aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in Yeosu plant were not detected at any sampling points examined.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.575-580
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• 1999

Even if odorous compounds remained very low concentration in water, it caused strong odor. Because Geosmin and most of odorous compound had very vaporization, those were difficult to analyze with GC/MSD and Purge & Trap. So, we needed pre-treatment method for decreasing amounts of extracting solvents, improving recovery efficiencies and increasing analytical efficiencies. This study developed efficient technology for analyzing odorous compounds, using various adsorbents and extracting solvents. The optimum adsorbent was XAD resins. Especially, XAD-2, XAD-7 and XAD-2010 were superior, but XAD-2 of these and MTBE was the optimum extraction solvent. Other extraction solvent's efficiency was in order of MTBE>Dichloromethane>n-Hexane>Diethylether. The optimum NaCl dosage for increasing efficiency was 5g in liquid-liquid extraction method. The shaking time(0∼24hr) had no concern with adsorption efficiency. The optimum adsorbent was XAD-2 resin and extraction solvent was MTBE. Dosing NaCl, adsorption efficiency was increased in liquid-liquid extraction method, but NaCl has no effect on liquid-solid extraction method. In this experimental results, this method will apply to not only Geosmin but other well-known odorous compounds (2-MIB, IBMP, IPMP, TCA) and algae toxins (Mycrocystin, Anatoxin etc)

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.103-107
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• 1999

Even if odorous compounds remain very low concentration in water, it cause strong odor. Because Geosmin and most of odorous compound had very low vaporization, those were difficult to analyze with GC/MSD and Purge & Trap. So, we needed pre-treatment method for decreasing amounts of extracting solvents, improving recovery efficiencies and increasing analytical efficiencies. This study developed efficient technology for analyzing odorous compounds, using various adsorbents and extracting solvents. The optimum adsorbent was XAD resins. Especially, XAD-2, XAD-7 and XAD-2010 were superior, but XAD-2 of these and the optimum extraction solvent is MTBE. Other extraction solvents' efficiency is in order of MTBE>Dichloromethane>n-Hexane>Diethylether. The optimum NaCl dosage for increasing efficiency is 5 g in liquid-liquid extraction method. The shaking time(0~24hr) has no concern with adsorption efficiency. The optimum adsorbent is XAD-2 resin and extraction solvent is MTBE. Dosing NaCl, adsorption efficiency is increased in liquid-liquid extraction method, but NaCl has no effect on liquid-solid extraction method. In this experimental results, this algae toxins(Mycrocystin, Anatoxin etc.).

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.119-124
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• 2008

Ammonia is an inorganic compound that may cause severe odor problem. In this study the effectiveness of applying natural neutralizer to destroy and remove the odor-causing compound from gas streams was studied. Experimental result evaluated with a bench-scale apparatus via the neutralization of gas phase. This indicates that the natural neutralization depends on the gas concentration, gas residence time, temperature and pH. Removal efficiency of ammonia from gas stream was achieved by 95% using theconvection in the packed bed. This study proved the chemical neutralization technology was effective for controlling inorganic odor-causing compound.

• 한국축산시설환경학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2013

This study was to investigate the effect of addition levels of odor reducing contents on reducing the concentration of odorous compounds. Slurry treatments included three levels mixture of horseradish powder (HP), mushroom waste (MW) and probiotics powder (PP), and non-treatment control (n=4 each group). Levels of odorous compounds were measured from the liquid slurry incubated in room temperature ($20{\sim}25^{\circ}C$) for 2 wk in chamber whose structure is similar to slurry pit. Concentration of phenols and indoles was lower (p<0.05) in level 1, which was mixed HP 0.01%, MW 0.4% and PP 0.004% (98.69, 1.87 ppm) compared to control. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) was lowest (p<0.05) level 1 (6,557, 1675 ppm). Taken together, lower level are effective in reducing odorous compounds in pig slurry.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.252-256
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• 2013

본 연구는 양돈 슬러리의 악취물질 감소에 효과가 있는 것으로 확인된 물질의 효능을 비교분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 페놀류 농도는 고추냉이와 아몬드피 구에서 낮았고, 인돌류 농도는 아몬드피 구에서 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 따라서 슬러리에 아몬드피를 첨가하면 VOC 농도가 감소되었다. SCFA 농도는 팽이버섯폐배지와 아몬드피 구에서 높았고, BCFA 농도는 대조구에 비해 다른 모든 처리구에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 또한 슬러리의 pH는 팽이버섯폐배지와 아몬드피 구에서 낮았다(p<0.05). 따라서 팽이버섯폐배지 또는 아몬드피를 슬러리에 첨가하면 SCFA 농도는 증가되고 BCFA 농도는 감소되는 것으로 나타났다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.777-787
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• 2016

In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of palm kernel meal (PKM), as a fermentable carbohydrate source, on the growth performance, meat quality, concentration of odorous compound, and changes in bacterial community in swine manure. Swine (average initial body weight of $51.36{\pm}1.02kg$) were fed diet which included three levels of PKM (0, 2 and 4%), and their manure samples were collected from the slurry pit. Growth performance and meat quality were not affected by PKM treatments (p > 0.05). Levels of phenols and indoles were decreased in the 2 and 4% PKM treatments compared to 0% PKM (control; p < 0.05). Especially, compared to the control, the 2% PKM group showed decreased levels of phenols by 35% and indoles by 34%. Among the dominant bacterial genera, the main change in relative abundance occurred in those belonging to the Firmicutes phylum in PKM treatments. Terrisporobacter and Clostridium were decreased in the PKM groups compared to the control. However, the relative abundance of Intestinibacter, AM406061_g, Coprococcus_g2, Phascolarcotobacterium, EF401875_g, Lactobacillus, and Streptococcus were increased in the PKM group compared to control. Taken together, administration of PKM had a beneficial effect on reducing production of odorous compounds in swine manure, possibly by modulating the communities of predominantly carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria in the large intestine of swine.