• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.123-140
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• 2022

In the ever-increasing online secondhand product market, the perceived risk of online used products purchase was identified as a factor influencing consumer purchase intention. The results of this study are as follows. First, the relationship between the perceived risk of online secondhand purchase and purchase intention was presented with somewhat different results for each sub-risk factor. First of all, a significant negative causal relationship between physical risk, time loss risk, psychological risk, social risk and online used product purchase intention was verified. On the other hand, financial risk and functional risk did not show a statistically significant relationship with online used products purchase intention. Second, as a result of research on the moderating effect of purchasing experience, offline purchasing experience of used products and online purchasing experience were verified differently. First of all, the moderating effect of the online purchase experience of used products was significant only in the relationship between psychological and social risks on the intention to purchase used products online. The experience of purchasing used products online is believed to reduce uncertainty about the surrounding response to purchasing used products online and weaken the intention to purchase used products online by reducing tension and concerns about purchasing them. Other risks, such as financial risk, performance risk, physical risk, time loss risk, and online purchase experience of used products, were verified to have no significant effect on online used products purchase intention. In addition, the offline purchase experience of used products did not verify a significant moderating effect on the effect of all perceived risks on online used product purchase intention.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.135-156
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• 2014

The Online business model for purchasing agent service is getting more popular. However, consumers perceive more risk when buying products from foreign online purchasing agents (FOPA) than from common online sellers (COS). This study focuses on finding out how consumers manage risk when they perceive risk and what different risk-reliever strategies they use when buying from high-risk FOPA and low-risk COS. This study has proved the following two. First, when consumers perceive risk at online purchasing, they tend to select risk-reliever strategies, such as the use of communication media, online assurance mark, seller's record, and secure payment to mitigate risk. With the application of those risk-reliever strategies, they built trust with the seller. Second, risk-perception of FOPA influences usage of communication media and check of online assurance mark more strongly than that of COS. On the contrary, risk-perception of COS influences the check of seller record more strongly than that of FOPA. This study helps to explain why FOPA is proliferating, despite its inherent high risk due to the fact that buyers and sellers are separated in time and space and that buyers and sellers have different social and cultural backgrounds. This study also helps managers of E-commerce to relieve consumer's risk-perception and to build trust.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.127-143
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• 2006

As the number of Internet users increases, online shopping malls are gradually flourishing and sales are continuously growing. However, since consumers are not able to check what they purchase when buying products on the Internet, they are bound to have higher risk perception than buying directly from off-line stores. Especially, sporting goods require a special attention because a preliminary test is important. Therefore, the risk perception is much higher when people purchase sporting goods online. This study first identifies the multi-dimensionality of risk perception. Then, it investigates whether online purchasing experience of sporting goods makes differences in the level of risk perception. In addition, it examines whether the risk perception by those who had an experience in purchasing sporting goods online affects the customer satisfaction. This study has identified five dimensions in the concept of risk perception, such as financial risk, performance risk, security risk, delivery risk, and psychological/physical risk. A statistical analysis shows that people without an experience in purchasing sporting goods online have perceived significantly higher performance risk, security risk, and psychological/physical risk than those with online purchasing experiences. Finally, this study has found that delivery risk, financial risk, and psychological/physical risk have significant negative influences on the customer satisfaction.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.129-138
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• 2013

Consumers' perception of risk plays a major role in how they make online purchase decisions. Since online shopping is perceived to be riskier than in-store shopping, consumers engage in a variety of risk reduction strategies such as searching online for alternative products and alternative e-tailers. This study examines the influence of risk involvement on risk reduction strategies and customer satisfaction. It discusses three aspects of risk reduction strategies: time spent in making a purchasing decision, searching for alternative e-tailers, and searching for alternative products. Data from 294 female shoppers who had experience in purchasing fashion products online was analyzed. This study found that risk involvement had a positive influence on the time spent in making decisions, while the influence of risk involvement on searching for alternative retailers and alternative products was not significant. However, consumer satisfaction was negatively related to search for alternative retailers and positively related to risk involvement. This study provides a better understanding of customers' risk involvement and risk reduction strategies in online shopping. This information would be beneficial for marketers and retailers to reduce customer perception of risks and to promote online sales.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.249-260
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• 2019

The study examines the impact of financial risk, convenience risk, non-delivery risk; return policy risk and product risk on online consumer behavior of Malaysian consumers. The research employed a self-administered survey to collect empirical data from 245 Malaysian online shoppers by using convenience sampling. Cronbach alpha was calculated to confirm the reliability of the data and then normality was assessed. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was then conducted to test the model using the goodness-of-fit tests. And finally, structural equation modeling is used to test the hypotheses and draw conclusions. IBM SPSS AMOS version 22.0 was utilized for data analysis. The research indicates that product risk, convenience risk, and return policy risk have a significant and positive impact on online shopping behavior. Financial risk is found to have insignificant and negative effects on consumer behavior. In addition, the non-delivery risk is found to have a significant and negative impact on online shopping behavior. The findings provide a useful model for measuring and managing perceived risk in online shopping which may result in an increase in participation of Malaysian consumers and reduce their cognitive deficiencies in the e-commerce environment. Several managerial implications are discussed along with the scope for future research.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.221-231
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• 2020

This research investigates the relationship among product risk, financial risk, security risk, privacy risk, perceived satisfaction, and purchase intention. Validated measurements were identified from a literature review. The measurement model and the conceptual model depicting hypothesized relationships were evaluated based on responses from 306 customers using confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The results showed that product risk, financial risk, security risk, and privacy risk impacted on perceived satisfaction. Besides, product risk, privacy risk, and perceived satisfaction influenced purchase intentions. Thus, this study focused on the influences of product risk, financial risk, security risk, and privacy risk on their cognitive attitudes toward websites. That means the more consumer perceive security, the more they avoid shopping online. The study is important to show how perceived risk affects online shopping behaviors, and it invites marketers to make necessary adjustments to prevent perceived risks to increase and online shopping to decrease. The findings of this study suggest the creation of a framework on the effect of perceived risk types on online shopping. Managers need to take perceived risks into account when designing their electronic marketing channels. In addition, shopping websites should strengthen their transaction security by appropriately using various available resources and new information technologies.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.19-41
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• 2015

Many studies have focused on the influences and outcomes of online game addiction. However, few studies have investigated how the online game addiction prevention behavior differs depending on online game user. In order to fill this gap, this study attempts to classify online game users based on risk perception attitude (RPA) framework. More specifically, this research tries to show online game user can be classified into four groups based on perceived risk of online game addiction and efficacy beliefs of online game addiction protection, and to identify how the groups differ in terms of motivation, information seeking, and behaviors for online game addiction prevention. For this purpose, analysis on survey data from 240 Korean college students who use online game reveals that the users can be classified into responsive, avoidance, proactive, indifference groups. Furthermore, there are differences between groups in terms of motivation, information seeking, and behaviors for online game addiction prevention. This study contributes to expand existing literature by providing tailored guidelines for implementation of online game addiction prevention strategies and policy.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.496-511
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to create a theoretical structure for the concept of purchasing risks by identifying the structure of purchasing risks that lead to obstacles in the purchasing decisions of consumers in fashion consumption via online channels. This was a secondary research using books, articles, prior researches, and academic journals on the five topics of "characteristics of fashion consumption," "the concept of purchasing risks," "purchasing risks by product types," "purchasing risks by channel types," and "purchasing risks of fashion consumption on online shopping channels." According to the arguments of prior researches, the study divided the purchasing risks of fashion consumption through online shopping into four categories : (1) fundamental purchasing risks including financial risk and time loss risk pertaining to any product or channel, (2) online channel purchase risks, which include risks in payment, Information leaks, and delivery and return/exchange risk, (3) fashion product risk related to product quality or experience of other people, which includes social risks and risks associated with quality, and (4) the online channel${\times}$fashion product risks, which include the aesthetic and psychological hazards especially amplified in online channels. The four risk factors were then described with a concept map to systemize the multi-dimensional and stereoscopic psychological structure of purchasing risks. Of the four risk factors, consumers placed the most emphasis on the online channel${\times}$fashion product risks, hence, reducing this risk factor is of utmost priority for marketing of online shopping channels.

• Journal of Information Technology Services
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.267-287
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• 2013

As the online bookstore market has been saturated and the level of competition has become more intense, maintaining competitive advantage by mitigating consumers' perceived risks can be considered as one of good alternative strategies a company should use. Although studies that identify the types of consumers' perceived risks in the context of online bookstores as well as validate the relationships between perceived risk and its antecedent/consequent factors in an integrated manner are strongly required, there has been less attention paid to these matters. Therefore, based on previous literature, we identify five types of perceived risks (financial, performance, online payment, delivery, and seller's response risk) and validate the impacts of online bookstore specific characteristics and user specific characteristics on perceived risk. In addition, we also verify causal relationship between perceived risk and intention to use online bookstores. The results of PLS test using 108 samples collected from undergraduate and graduate students confirm that perceived risk has a negative impact on intention to use and four antecedents (reputation, service quality, self-efficacy, and user experience) are significantly related to perceived risk.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.89-97
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• 2022

The e-commerce market faces significant credit risks due to the complexity of the industry and information asymmetries. Therefore, credit risk has started to stymie the growth of e-commerce. However, there is no reliable system for evaluating the creditworthiness of e-commerce companies. Therefore, this paper constructs a credit risk evaluation index system that comprehensively considers the online and offline behavior of online retail enterprises, including 15 indicators that reflect online credit risk and 15 indicators that reflect offline credit risk. This paper establishes an integration method based on a fuzzy integral support vector machine, which takes the factor analysis results of the credit risk evaluation index system of online retail enterprises as the input and the credit risk evaluation results of online retail enterprises as the output. The classification results of each sub-classifier and the importance of each sub-classifier decision to the final decision have been taken into account in this method. Select the sample data of 1500 online retail loan customers from a bank to test the model. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a single SVM and traditional SVMs aggregation technique via majority voting in terms of classification accuracy, which provides a basis for banks to establish a reliable evaluation system.