• Title/Summary/Keyword: organophosphorus

Search Result 221, Processing Time 0.037 seconds

Effects of Organophosphorus Fungicides on Cutinase Activity and Infection of Apple by Glomerella cingulata (사과 탄저병균 Glomerella cingulata에 의한 감염과 Cutinase의 활성에 미치는 유기인계 살균제의 효과)

  • 김기홍;이창은
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
    • /
    • v.10 no.2
    • /
    • pp.119-122
    • /
    • 1994
  • Effects of organophosphorus fungicides on cutinase activity from Glomerella cingulata causing apple anthracnose and infection of apple were investigated. Diisoprophylfluorophosphate (DFP) inhibited the enzyme activity indicating that catalysis involves an active serine. In inhibition of the enzyme activity by organophosphorus fungicides, I50 (molar concentration of fungicide at which the enzyme activity is inhibited 50%) of Hinosan and Kitazin P were 26.3 $\mu$M and 427.7 $\mu$M, respectively. At concentration of 10-3 M DFP and organophosphorus fungicides, the infection of G. cingulata was inhibited to 5% in comparison with 15% infection at the unwounded healthy control, but increased to 30% when added with 1 mg/ml of cutinase. Mycelial growth was 36 mm in colony diameter on the medium added with 10-4M of hinosan in comparison with 90 mm of the untreated control, but was 90 mm on the medium added with 10-4M of kitazin P showing lower inhibition than hinosan. The spore germination was more than 60% at all the concentrations of both fungicides.

  • PDF

Distribution of Organophosphorus Pesticides in some Estuarine Environments in Korea

  • Yu Jun;Lee Dong Ho;Kim Kyung Tae;Yang Dong Beom;Yang Jae Sam
    • Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
    • /
    • v.4 no.4
    • /
    • pp.201-207
    • /
    • 2001
  • To study the distribution of organophosphorus pesticides which are extensively used for agriculture in Korea. Sea water samples were taken from 4 coastal areas during May and August of 1997 and sediment samples were collected from two coastal areas in August of 1997. These samples were analyzed using a Gas Chromatography/Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector (GC/NPD). In August the most commonly found organophosphorus pesticides in the surface waters of Kunsan area were IBP < S-Benzyl O,O-di-isopropyl phosphorothioate > $(m=432.5ng\;L^{-1})$ and EDDP < O-ethyl S,S-diphenyl phosphorodithioate > $(m=37.4ng\;L^{-1}) $ which are largely used between June and September to prevent rice blast disease. In Danghang Bay, dry fields located near the mouth of the estuary seemed to affect the concentrations of certain organophosphorus pesticides in the surface waters. Since organophosphorus pesticides applied in the watershed are rapidly decomposed while being transported along freshwater streams, watershed size is not proportional to the concentrations of these pesticides in the coastal waters. Pesticides concentrations measured in August were compared with those in May. IBP concentrations in coastal waters were about an order of magnitude higher in August than in May. Temporal and geographical distribution of individual organophosphorus pesticides is likely to be affected by types of agricultural practices in the watershed. Chloropyrifos was the most important of the organophosphorus pesticides in the sediments of the study area because of its persistent nature and high affinity to particulates.

  • PDF

Subcloning and Expression of a Gene Encoding an Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase (유기인화합물 분해효소 유전자의 재조합 및 단백질 발현)

  • 박재왕;김석찬;이남택
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.188-197
    • /
    • 2001
  • Organophosphorus acid anhydrolases(OPAA) catalyzing the hydrolysis of toxic organophosphates have been found in a variety of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Of the several kinds of OPAA that can degrade nerve agents, such as DFP, sarin and soman, a OPAA gene harbored in the chromosomal DNA of Alteromonas haloplanktis strain was subcloned in order to develope an enzymatic degradation method of toxic organophosphorus compounds. For this 1481 bp DNA fragment containing OPAA gene and its flanking regions has been synthesized through PCR using chromosomal DNA of A. haloplanktis strain. After subcloning and subsequent expression, crude OPA anhydrolase was prepared and assayed. It was shown that the OPAA had a very high hydrolytic activity on DFP. The specific activity of the enzyme was 1,110 $\mu$mole.$min^{p-1}.mg^{-1}$ protein. It seemed that OPAA with such a high hydrolytic activity may give a good prospects to its use, as a biodegradation tool, in detoxifying toxic organophosphorus compounds, such as pesticides and chemical stockpiles which are posing a potential threat to the field environment and human health.

  • PDF

Organophosphorus Insecticide Residues in Fruits and Vegetables (과실 및 채소중 유기인계 잔류 농약에 관한 연구)

  • 최영진;김세원;고영수
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.1 no.2
    • /
    • pp.181-186
    • /
    • 1986
  • Organophosphorus insecticide residues were investigated in six kinds of fruits and five kinds of vegetables.The materials used in this experiment were grape, musk melon, apple, peach, plum, apricot, lettuce, green pepper, cucumber, pumpkin and tomato which were collected from June to september 1986 in Seoul. Residual pesticides investigated were Diazinon, Parathion, MEP (Fenitrothion), Malathion, EPN, MPP (Fenthion), PAP (Phenthoate) and Dimethoate and all samples were analysed by gas chromatographic technique with NPD (Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector). No sample was found to approach proposed national maximum residue limits in Korea.

  • PDF

Dimethoate Intoxication with Refractory Shock and Hyperglycemia (치료에 불응하는 지속적 저혈압과 고혈당 상태를 보인 dimethoate 중독 1례)

  • Kim, Jae-Eun;Jung, Jin-Hee;Bae, Hyun-A;Eo, Eun-Kyung
    • Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
    • /
    • v.5 no.1
    • /
    • pp.46-49
    • /
    • 2007
  • Organophosphorus insecticides induce different clinical manifestations varying according to the different side groups attached to the phosphate, their rates of degradation, and their fat solubilities. In consequence of this variation, specific treatments are required for particular organophosphorus insecticides. We report a unusual case of intoxication with dimethyl organophosphorus insecticide in a 26-year-old woman. She manifested atypical and ultimately fatal symptoms including profound shock, refractory hyperglycemia, and hypothermia.

  • PDF

A Study on the Simplified Extraction and Cleanup Technique for Organophosphorus and Organochlorine pesticides in Vegetables (채소 중의 유기인제 및 유기염소제 농약의 단순화된 抽出과 精製 技法에 관한 연구)

  • 전옥경;이용욱
    • Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
    • /
    • v.23 no.1
    • /
    • pp.66-73
    • /
    • 1997
  • This procedure describes the method for gas chromatographic determination of 31 organophosphorus and 28 organochlorine pesticides in 10g of spinach, tomato and onion. After the pesticides were extracted with several solvents, the amount of coextractives and recovery rates of acephate and methamidophos were calculated. Samples for organochlorine pesticides were cleaned up with florisil solid phase extraction columns. NaBH$_4$ was added to onion extracts, which contained sulfur compound. All the concentrated extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with ECD and NPD. The smallest amount of coextractives resulted from the spinach samples extracted with 5% MeOH in ethyl acetate. 5% EOH in ethyl acetate had the highest extractability for acephate and methamidophos and gave the best overall performance as an extraction solvent. The ability of 5% EOH in ethyl acetate to extract various organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides from spinach, tomato and onion was examined. Recovery of 59 insecticides ranged from 58.0% to 110.5%. The average recoveries of fortified spinach, tomato and onion were 90.08%, 94.54% and 84.90%, respectively.

  • PDF

Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase Activity on the Organophosphorus and Carbamate Pesticides (유기인계 및 Carbamates 농약에 의한 Acetylcholinesterase 활성의 저해)

  • 김정호;김영호
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.7 no.1
    • /
    • pp.52-56
    • /
    • 1998
  • The effects of organophosphorus and carbamate pesticides were examined inhibition of the acetylcholinesterase activity in the chicken brain with enzyme-inhibition methods. The acetylcholinesterase activity in chicken brain determined by the Ellman method was 167 mmol/min/g protein. The optimum pH of acetycholinesterase was 8.2. $pl_{50}$ of acetycholinesterase by some organophosphorus were 3.80M of phosphorodlthioate, 4.04M of phosphorothioate, 6.33M of phosphate, and 6.60M of phosphrothiolate. pluto of acetycholinesterase by some carbamates were 5.1 OM of XMC, 5. 90M of carbofuran, 6.16M of isoprocarb, 6.30M of carbaryl, 6.47M of BPMC, and 6.77M of propoxur. pluto of carbamates selected was similar to that of phosphorothioate and phosphate organophosphates.

  • PDF

A Study on Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues of Korean Commercial Teas (국산다류중 유기염소제 및 유기인제 농약의 잔류량)

  • 이철원;박건상;신효선
    • Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
    • /
    • v.11 no.2
    • /
    • pp.99-105
    • /
    • 1996
  • An attempt was made to determine the residual distribution of organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides in the various kinds of Korean tea which were purchased form the maket. The organochlorine pesticides investigated in this study were BHC, DDT and dicofol and the organophoshorus pesticides were diazinon, EPN, fenitrothion and parathion. The pesticide residues were determined by GC-ECD and BHC was detected in all the samples and it's level were ranged from 0.00064 po 0.05995 ppm and it's average was 0.00682 ppm and DDT, dicofol and organophosphorus pesticides were not detected in all samples. The organophophorus pesticides were detected(0.0035∼0.0983 ppm) in raw materials but were not in the manufactured material and it is considered that the largely components of the pesticides is removed by drying and high temperature while the tea was manufactured. The recovery tests of the pesticides gave satisfactory results showing an average yield of 97.6% with organochlorine pesticides and 92.5% with organophoshorus pesticides and the detection limits level were 0.00008 ppm to 0.0010 ppm.

  • PDF

Detoxification of Sarin, an Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor, by Recombinant Organophosphorus Acid Anhydrolase

  • Kim, Seok-Chan;Lee, Nam-Taek
    • BMB Reports
    • /
    • v.34 no.5
    • /
    • pp.440-445
    • /
    • 2001
  • Pesticide waste and chemical stockpiles are posing a potential threat to both Vie environment and human health. There is currently a great effort toward developing effective and economical methods for the detoxification of these toxic organophosphates. In terms of safety and economy, enzymatic biodegradation has been recommended as the most promising tool to detoxify these toxic materials. To develop an enzymatic degradation method to detoxify such toxic organophosphorus compounds, a gene encoding organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (OPAA) from genomic DNA of Alteromonas haloplanktis C was subcloned and expressed. The enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 48 kDa. It demonstrates strong hydrolyzing activity on sarin, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor. Moreover, its high activity is sustained for a considerable length of time. It is projected that the recombinant OPAA can be applied as an enzymatic tool that can be used not only for the detoxification of pesticide wastes, but also for the demilitarization of chemical stockpiles.

  • PDF