• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.553-562
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• 2008

These days hair perm and dye is a modern trend that women prefer to create their own image and personality. However, chemicals for hair perm and dye are easy to damage hair. This study, then, is to find out some effective skills to minimize hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time. The subjects were 200 hairs picked from five healthy women in their twenties which have not been permed and dyed since one year and more ago. The experimental group was divided into two groups: 1)the perm- nutritional treatment- dye (PNT) group 2)the dye- perm- nutritional treatment(DPN) group. After experiments, the states of "hair scale", "hair damage", and "color tone in dyed hair" were compared between two groups. The results are as follows: to lessen hair damage when hair perm and dye is done in a same time, nutritional treatments must be necessarily used on hair. To make hair colored more clearly when hair dye is done, it is more desirable to use nutritional treatments on hair.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Fashion and Beauty
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

To study of the rate of damage and morphological change when apply perm and dye according to kinds of curly hair, measured the thickness of hair and divided the samples into groups. Measured the chromaticity and thickness according to kinds of curly hair and chemical treatment with Spectrum colormeter and Micrometer. Measured the tensile strength of hair then calculated the damage rate. After tensile test, took photographs of the section and surface with the electron microscope.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.1051-1059
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• 2007

This study intends to find out possible variations in physical properties and color of hair depending on dye type(acidic and alkalic) and permanent treatment/hair dyeing procedure. To meet the goals, healthy hair samples were taken from 5 women's hair speciment in 20's without experiencing in any harmful substance via long-term medications. and beauty care using chemicals. To get possible findings depending upon hair dye type and treatment procedure, both acidic and alkalic hair dye were applied on some specimens after permanent treatment, while on other specimens before permanent treatment. In order to determine scale damage, this study used SEM(Hitachi S-2500C) both hair thickness and tensile strength were measured with optical microscope(Nikon, MM-60/L3T) and Instron (4482-standard). Wave configuration was measured transverse and longitudinal round diameter. The chromaticity of each specimen was measured using a spectrocolorimeter(Color Techno System, JP/JX-777) with visual $C/2^{\circ}$ (at $2^{\circ}$ with C light source) monitor fixed to determine Lab and CMYK values. As a result, it was found that hair specimens were more significantly damaged with alkalic hair dye treatment than with acidic hair dye treatment, while hair specimens were more effectively dyed with the former hair dye type than with the latter one. For possible results depending on treatment procedure, it was found that hair specimens were less damaged but more effectively dyed with permanent treatment followed by hair dyeing than vice versa. Therefore, it was concluded that permanent treatment followed by acidic hair dyeing would be more effective in reducing hair damages.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.75-86
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• 2003

This study was designed to identify the relationship between general characteristics and personalities of college students majoring in beauty art. For this, 286 female students from two colleges in Kwangju were interviewed using a questionnaire pertaining to their general characteristics, hair-style and personality from September 20 through 30, 2001. A $x^2{\;}-{\;}test$ was implemented to identify the relationship between hair-style, personality and other variables. The results are summarized as follows: 1 To define characteristics in relation with hair-style, how students decide their hair-style was examined and, as a result, it was reported that 80.8% of targeted students decided by themselves and 19.2% decided by others' suggestions. 2. It is reported that there was no statistically significant relationship among socio-demographic characteristics such as the length of hair, grades, allowances, religion, satisfaction of campus life, and characteristics relating to hair-style such as accessories, mood, shape of face, decision of hair-style, and texture of hair. 3. Their preference of perm type had a statistically significant relationship with their allowance, religion and accessories, but not with their grades, satisfaction of campus life, mood, shape of face, hair-style, and texture of hair. 4. Dye and bleach had a statistically significant relationship with the texture of hair, but not with socio-demographic characteristics and accessories, mood, shape of face and decision of hair-style. 5. Personality of tenacity, extroversion and introversion, emotion and falsehood had no statistically significant relationship with hair-style. Finally, it was proven that strength, extroversion and introversion, emotion and falsehood had no statistically significant relationship with hair-style. More studies to identify personal tendencies that may affect hair-style are necessary.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2002

Recently, there has been an increase in the cosmetologic treatments on hair in Korea. To investigate the time when morphological characteristics of human scalp hair take mature form, hairs of 0, 3, 6, 12, 24 months, and of adult scalp hair were compared. Also, the physico-chemical effects of commonly used cosmetological treatments; hair-dryed, dye coated, stained and permanent waved scalp hairs were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Two year-old hair was similar to the adult hair, and all hairs received cosmetologic treatments except for coated hair showed various degree of deformation and damage. These results suggest that routinely used cosmetologic treatments may give harmful effects on hairs. More detailed studies in large scale may be necessary.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.295-305
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• 2020

Treatment for beauty using oxidizing agents damages hair with inducing structural alteration in cuticle layer, degradation of protein, and loss of lipid. This study connects a frictional coefficient upon the damaged hair by an instrumental test to the texture test by human being, and considered a moisture as a factor of the damage. A friction coefficient has been measured upon the hair with successive treatment of dye, perm, and bleach. The friction coefficient from the hair dye-treated three times was defined with 0.60, where 58% of answerer indicated an initial damage point as the hairs of iteration of dye-treatment increased. Even bleach treated three times results in 0.84 of friction coefficient corresponding to 88% of answerer attributed the hair to an initially damaged hair. In order to figure out a lipid loss in hair for human being to respond damage, a friction coefficient of the hair was controlled by removing 18-methyleicosanoic acid (18-MEA). The initial damage has been recognized by 0.60 of the friction coefficient for the 68% of answerer. Since moisture is the largest portion of the components in hair, moisture analysis has been performed to study a relationship between texture of damage and the friction coefficient from an instrumental evaluation. As an iteration of dye increases, the hair became hydrophilic with smaller contact angle. It is found that a damaged hair by dyeing possessed more than 0.42% of moisture compared to a healthy hair. Finally, it is elucidated that an increase of moisture in hair induced higher adhesive force corresponding to the friction coefficient, and the friction coefficient above 0.6 is attributed to the preception of hair damage.