• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 1995

The vir genes expression of Ti plasmid is induced by a family of related phenolic compounds. We investigated the effects of various phenolic compounds, Ti plasmids and hosts on the expression of the vir genes in the same type of octopine Ti plasmids, pTiKU12, pTiAch5 and pTiA6. The vir gene induction of pTiKU12 was remarkably stimulated by p-coumaric acid in relation to acetosyringone, but those of pTiAch5 and pTiA6 were more stimulated by acetosyringone than by p-coumaric acid. The effect of phenolic compound on the vir gene induction was different according to the kind of Ti plasmids. Also, the vir gene expression of A. tumefaciens KU913, which has pTiKU12 was about 6.2 times as much as that of A. tumefaciens KU915, which has pTiKU12 in KU12 host, in the presence of ferulic acid. But no difference was shown in the presence of p-coumaric acid. The vir gene induction abilities of phenolic compounds are different according to the kinds of phenolic compounds, Ti plasmids and hosts.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.51 no.spc1
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• pp.209-214
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• 2006

One hundred Individuals that were collected from plains and mountains all around South Korea were used for this experiment. The inhibition abilities of lipid peroxidation by Artemisia spp. collections were compared with BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene). The results could be confirmed the excellency fur control of lipid peroxide level such as BHT 200 ppm in all mugwort collections. Antioxidant activity (AEAC), electron donating ability (EDA), total phenolic compound, and flavonoids of 100 Artemisia spp. collections were analyzed. Total phenolic compound contents of Artemisia spp. collections were ranged from 156 to 1,767 rng/100 g, and mugwort collections with more than 900 mg/100 g of total phenolic compound content were 20 individuals. Electron donating abilities were ranged from 13.4 to 95.0%, and mugwort collections over 90% of electron donating ability were 23 individuals. Antioxidant activity of ethanol extracts that used ABTS and DPPH radical were measured and mugwort collections with high total phenolic compound contents had high radical exclusion ability as well. Artemisia spp. collections, AC-60, AC-67, AC-77, that showed the high levels of antioxidant activities and had good growth characters and productivity, were selected for mass production.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.135-147
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• 2008

Objectives: Oriental pear was used as traditional remedies for respiratory diseases like cough and asthma etc. The purpose of this study was to observe the effects of preventing asthma by the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs. Methods: In order to study the effects of preventing asthma by the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs(Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus armeniaca) on allergic asthma, mice were pre-treated by oral administration of the solution before antigen sensitization for 10 days and 20days. And 2 days later, mice were actively sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin and 13 days later, they were provoked with ovalbumin aerosols. The experimental groups were divided 6groups(10d1P, 10d2P, 10d4P, 20d1P, 20d2P and 20d4P) by meditation quantity and period. We measured isometric contractile responses to acetylcholine(ACh) and KCl in the isolated tracheal smooth muscle(TSM), IL-4, eosinophil and lymphocyte in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), IgE in serum, WBC, RBC and hemoglobin in blood. Results: Contractile responses of TSM to ACh, the sensitivity of TSM to Ach and the maximal contractile response of TSM to KCl were decreased by direct proportion of meditation quantity. Eosinophil and IL-4 level in BALF were more significantly decreased, and IgE level in serum was more significantly increased in 10d4P and 20d4P group than the control group. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is assumed that oral administration of the combination of phenolic compound extracted from pear and herbal drugs(Platycodon grandiflorum, Prunus armeniaca) can help the preventing effects of allergic asthma.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.535-547
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• 2015

In this study, the chemical properties and phenolic compound of blueberry, bokbunja and mulberry and their pomace were determined to develop them as functional food materials. Water content of individual whole berry was ranged from 84.25-86.20%, and water content was significantly high in whole berries rather than their pomace (p<0.01). Additionally, each berry and its pomace's pH was 3.32-5.18. Among them, whole mulberry showed the highest pH which is 5.18 (p<0.01). Total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were the greatest in blueberry pomace and they were 24.81 mg/g and 2.13 mg/g, respectively (p<0.01). However, mulberry pomace generated the greatest anthocyanin content compared to others (p<0.01). In phenolic compound profiles, cyanin chloride was detected in mulberry and bokbunja. Epigallocatechin, gallocatechin and isorhamnetin were found only in blueberry. Catechin (hydrate) and epicatechin were greater in pomaces than whole berries except blueberry (p<0.01), otherwise, significantly great rutin (trihydrate) and quercetin contents were found in whole berries as compared to their pomace except blueberry (p<0.01). Gallic acid was significantly greatest in mulberry (p<0.01) and quercetin 3-D-galactoside was significantly greatest in blueberry (p<0.01). Apigenin and luteolin were traced in mulberry, and mulberry pomace showed greater apigenin and luteolin contents than whole mulberry (p<0.01). Naringenin was greater in pomaces than whole berries (p<0.01). As a result, it was found that all berry extracts used in this study were able to be applied as functional food materials and their pomace contained high phenolic compound enough to be a good source of phytochemical for nutraceutical use.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.125-130
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• 2001

The allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Trifolium repens were studied. Aqueous extracts of leaves, stems, roots and flowers of T. repens strongly inhibited the seed germination and seedling growth of Zoysia japonica. In general, the higher concentration of the extracts showed the more great inhibition effect. The phenolic compounds extracted from T repens were analysed and identified using gas chromatography. 14 phenolic compounds were isolated from the leaves, stems, roots and flowers: caffeic acid, p-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, p-coumaric acid, vanillic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, 2,5 dihydroxy benzoic acid, syringic acid, 2-hydroxy cinnamic acid, benzoic acid, salicylic acid, phloroglucinol and phanylacetic acid. The seed germination and relative growth ratio of Z. japonica by 14 phenolic compounds were inhibited in whole treatment. Stronger growth inhibitor were benzoic acid, salicylic acid and trans-cinnamic acid. From these results it is suggested that the phenolic compounds from T. repens seemed to be responsible for the allelopathic potential.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.290-295
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• 2017

Background: Senna tora is a flowering plant in the legume family Fabaceae. Its seeds are roasted and consumed as tea in Asia, to reduce inflammation in the liver and improve eyesight. Thus, it has been considered as an important medicinal crops in Asia. However, breeding trials to improve its genetic properties are rare. Mutation breeding by gamma ray is known to be an effective and highly successful approach for the generation of agronomically useful cultivars. Here we analyzed the effects of several dosages of gamma ray on the biological conditions of Senna tora seeds. Methods and Results: The germination rate and growth patterns of Senna tora were examined following irradiation with gamma ray at 100, 200, 300 and 400 Gy. The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activities of Senna tora were analyzed. Germination increased at 100 and 200 Gy in the M1 and M2 generations compared with that of the control (M0). The total phenolic compound contents and antioxidant activity of the seeds significantly decreased as the radiation dosage increased above 100 Gy in the M1 generation. Conclusions: Senna tora, irradiated with gamma ray at dosages 100, 200, 300, and 400 Gy, showed maximum germination rate at 200 Gy in the M2 generation. Plant height and leaf size gradually decreased with increasing gamma ray intensity in the M2 generation. The total phenolic compound contents decreased significantly at 400 Gy, and the related antioxidant activity was also decreased as the radiation dosage increased.

• Journal of Korea Soil Environment Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.3-12
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• 2000

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of aeration on removal of phenolic compounds in soils. Phenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, and pentachlorophenol as phenolic compounds were chosen in this study. Texture of soil used was sandy loam. Temperature and moisture content of the soils in lab-scale reactors were maintained at $25^{\circ}C$ and at 15%, respectively. Phenolic compounds vaporized from reactors were trapped by methylene chloride solution. Phenolic compounds were applied to the soils as individual compound Aeration improved the phenol degradation rate in soil, while it did not in case of 2,4-dichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol. The amount of phenol vaporized by aeration was only 0.3of of that of initial phenol compound added to the soil. First order kinetics described the degradation rates of phenolic compounds better than zero order kinetics.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.50 no.5
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• pp.474-479
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• 2018

In this study, ultrasound-assisted extraction conditions of total anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds from Campbell early grape (Vitis labruscana) were optimized via response surface methodology using a Box-Behnken design. Three independent variables, including solid-liquid ratio (1/30-1/50 g/mL), extraction time (2-10 min), and amplitude (20-100%), significantly affected total anthocyanin content. However, no significant effect of these variables was observed in the total phenolic compound content. The optimized extraction conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1/48.13 g/mL, extraction time of 2 min, and amplitude of 20%. Under these conditions, the predicted values of total anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds were 94.96 and 1,661.16 mg/100 g dry weight (DW), respectively. The experimental values of total anthocyanins and total phenolic compounds were 88.25 and 1,554.37 mg/100 g DW, respectively, which is well matched with the predicted values within 7.5% difference.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1988

The phenolic compounds were isolated from the cigarette smoke condensate using two immiscible organic solvents by a partition coefficient. Of them, 20 phenolic compounds were identified by GC and GC/MS. The amount of the phenolic compounds was phenol, p-crestol, hydroxybensoic acid in order. And there was no difference in composition of these compound dependent on leaf tobacco . About 70% amount of these compounds were absorbed to cellulose acetate filter used. The contents and composition of these compounds were various in the commercial cigarette.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Environmental Biology Conference
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• 1994.05a
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• pp.39-39
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• 1994