• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
• /
• 2009.03a
• /
• pp.154-163
• /
• 2009

The groutability depends on the properties of the grout, its injection processes, and on the mechanical properties of the soil formation. During the process of pouring cement-based grouting into a porous medium, a variation with time occurs in the viscosity of grout suspension. In addition the particle filtration phenomenon will limit the expansion of the grouted zone because cement particles are progressively stagnant within the soil matrix. In this paper, a closed-form solution was derived by implementing the mass balance equations and the generalized phenomenological filtration law, which can be used to evaluate the deposition of cement-based grout in the soil matrix. The closed-form solution relevant to a particular spherical flow was modified by a step-wise numerical calculation, considering the variable viscosity caused by a chemical reaction, and the decrease in porosity resulting from grout particle deposition in the soil pores. A series of pilot-scale chamber injection tests was performed to verify that the developed step-wise numerical calculation is able to evaluate the injectable volume of grout and the deposition of grout particles. The results of the chamber injection tests concurred well with that of the step-wise numerical calculation. Based on the filtration phenomenon, a new groutability criterion of cement-based grout in a porous medium was proposed, which might facilitate a new insight in the design of the grouting process.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.31 no.2
• /
• pp.1-24
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study was to understand the lived experiences of grandmothers who provide child care services to their grandchildren and employed mothers who utilize child care by grandmothers, with regards to their relationships while exchanging the specific type of intergenerational support. The data for this study came from 42 in-depth, individual interviews with 21 pairs of employed mothers who had at least one child younger than elementary-school age and their mothers or mothers-in-law who had provided child care on a daily basis for their grandchildren. Our phenomenological analysis revealed that the grandmothers felt uncomfortable and overwhelmed when caring for their grandchildren and that they considered this activity to be different from caring for their own children by nature. However, the grandmothers wanted to help their adult children based on their feeling of "boo-mo-ma-eum" (meaning parental heart, i.e., love or care). The employed mothers perceived that they were substantially dependent on the grandmothers by receiving help with child care and housework. Reliance on grandmothers was inevitable and beneficial to these mothers. Dynamic intergenerational living arrangements enabled the dependent relationships. The grandmothers set specific boundaries pertaining to current and future child care so that they would not take on too much responsibility for child care. The mothers used various strategies that contributed to stable child care support from the grandmothers. Providing financial remuneration was an important strategy that had symbolic relational meanings, such as expressing gratitude, rather than financial meanings.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
• /
• v.64 no.4
• /
• pp.5-29
• /
• 2012

This study aimed to express the experiences of the parents who lost their children by suicides in their own words from their own perspectives by van Manen(2000)'s hermeneutic phenomenological approach. The analysis of the words expressed by the research participants led to the following five fundamental themes. These are 'broken heart, sinner's grief, land of exile and time stood still, pains to be comforted, and days ahead with half-stitched wounds'. Several distinctions are found due to cultural differences from Korean parents. First, whereas the Western parents see the cause of their child's suicide as his/her independent issue, the Korean parents blame themselves entirely. This may have stemmed from the overly inter-dependency between the parents and the child. Second, whereas the Western perspective views the suicide as a type of illness from the individual's depression. The Korean perspective views the suicide as a shame that disgraces the parents or the family. This negative social perspective intensifies the self-blame and social isolation. Third, the Westerners recognize the prevention and responsibility of suicide resting with the society and government, but the Korean society recognize suicide as personal or family matter. Based on the finding above, I proposed a number of practical measures to aid the surviving parents who belong to a group with extremely high suicidal rates.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.289-304
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to understand and describe the illness experience of married Korean women with epilepsy. Methods: Data were collected during 2015~2016 through individual in-depth interviews with 12 married women with epilepsy. Verbatim transcripts were analyzed using Giorgi's phenomenological analysis to uncover the meaning of the illness experience of the participants. Results: The study results showed that the illness experience of married Korean women with epilepsy was clustered into a specific description of situated structure and a general description of situated structure. Six themes from 20 meaning units were identified: 1) Undermined self-esteem with stigma of being epileptic; 2) Limited social interaction; 3) Suffering sorrow as a 'disqualified being'; 4) Shuttling back and forth across the boundary between healthy and epileptic; 5) Desperate struggle to meet the expectation of given role; 6) Self-empowering through self-restriction and realization. Conclusion: The findings from this study show that both the enacted and felt stigma of epilepsy impact on the life of married Korean women with epilepsy. Although the participants face social and interpersonal restriction and prejudices, they try their best to fulfill their role rather than to be cared for as patients. As the stigma and hardships of the participants are related to lack of knowledge, health professionals should focus not just on clinical intervention but also on providing targeted educational programs and counseling for these women to dispel the stigma of the disease and to increase their quality of life.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.257-262
• /
• 2008

Design and analysis of road subgrade system, which is exposed to repetitive loading condition, uses resilient modulus. The behavior of railway subgrade system will not be quite different from that of road system. Following this phenomenological feature of the subgrade system, this paper introduces the implementation of the resilient modulus based constitutive model on a commercial finite element software. The implementation of the resilient modulus models such as K-${\theta}$ and Uzan on a FE program has been conducted previously. These model assumes that the material state reaches to the nonlinear elastic condition and with further application of repetitive loads, the response of material is completed in elastic condition. According to the recent test results performed on cohesive subgrade soils, however, permanent deformation occurs with repetitive loads. With aids of previously suggested models the permanent deformation cannot be modeled. To overcome such limitation a plastic potential derived from the test results and simple failure criterion based constitutive model is developed. The comparison between the analysis and test results shows a good correlation.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2013

The incompletion of TIR (Total Internal Reflection) in FTIR (Frustrated Total Internal Reflection) touch screen has been investigated as follows. Assuming a 3 layer thin film of medium1 ($n_1$)-medium2 ($n_2$)-medium3 ($n_3$) with refraction indices of $n_1=n_3{\neq}n_2$, it was theoretically proven that FTIR or OT (ordinary transmission) phenomena might happen through medium2 from medium1 to medium3 relying on relative difference in $n_1(=n_3)$ and $n_2$, and that the formulae for FTIR and OT could be transformed into each other depending on the number state (imaginary or real) of the light wave phase. In parallel to the theoretical analysis, the incompletion of TIR in acrylate due to external contacts was also elucidated from the experimental and phenomenological viewpoints. On the basis of this considerate work, we explained how to improve the touching performance for better FTIR touch screen.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2016

The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the experiences of nurses in graduate school who fill multiple professional roles. The research's participants were women in the nursing profession studying towards postgraduate degrees. Their experiences were analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological method of qualitative research. The results showed that participants feel constantly short of time, pressure from the demands of their study, guilt owing to inability to fulfill family commitments, struggles related to the conflicts of multiple roles, and the feeling of satisfaction from accomplishing professional goals. This paper suggests that if nurses undergoing graduate study have an organized support system to help them perform the roles, they will find an identity in the nursing profession and will take care of their patients more professionally as a result. Such support depends in part on health administrators' greater understanding of the nurses' circumstances.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.15 no.9
• /
• pp.321-333
• /
• 2017

This study was a qualitative study using Colaizzi's phenomenological study method to understand the experience of reconstructing life through hemodialysis in chronic renal failure patients and to clarify the meaning of their vivid experience. The participants were eight chronic renal failure patients receiving hemodialysis. Data were collected through individual in - depth interviews with participants. The five categories that were found in the study were 'The beginning of unexpected difficulties', 'Burden of survival brought on by hemodialysis', 'The driving force of recovery', 'Choices and concentration of today in order', ' Every day life which must be woven sincerely'. The results of this study will help clinicians better understand the physical and mental suffering experienced by patients with chronic renal failure receiving hemodialysis and how they are constantly trying to adapt to a changed lifestyle. Also it might provide basic data for the development of efficient nursing intervention for the health management of hemodialysis patients.

• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.47-57
• /
• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to discover the nature from the life experience of a person with unilateral acquired blindness and his/her family after losing the eyesight and adapting in the environment and to find the meaning of life and how to solve the problem in psychosocial aspect. Methods: This study uses one of the qualitative research methods which explains how families with the unilateral acquired blind perceive blindness after experiencing it and observes how they signify it. starts with interest in lifestyles of individuals and their families and tries to understand the subjective existences of participants in accessible ways and draw the experiences after becoming one-side blind. It cyclically uses deductive verification process through inductive method and establishing hypothesis using materials. Results: According to the results of this study, unilateral acquired blindness studies, due to shattered life, they did not know what to do. Also, discomfort from struggling in a big tunnel and even will to live were found. trying to go out to the world, seeing the new world, and trying to encourage myself, strong attachment to life was shown to by saying, appeared. Each includes sub-topics such as feeling abandoned after confirmed the blindness, feeling disappointed to doctors, family, and friends, trying to live with hope, struggling in a tunnel with thinking how to live, closing the mind from the world, seeing outside the world in the midst of struggling, trying to forget the past with the will of life, having hope to live with care of family, and trying to keep the rest vision. Conclusion: Firstly, in nursing aspect for their adaptation, programs for disable people and nursing intervention focused on their families should be developed. Secondly, since it can be economic and psychological burden for their families and acquaintances, it is necessary to support the blind so that they can find fitted rehabilitation programs and come back to society. Thirdly, active participation of health care providers may influence social interest the improvement of national welfare policy for the unilateral acquired blind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
• /
• 2013.10a
• /
• pp.581-584
• /
• 2013

E-Learning, a technology-based learning process is the obtaining of knowledge from the basis of IT technology. The development of e-Learning requires corporate educational staff as well as HR staff, who manage e-learning, to drastically change their roles. The main reason for this is that the properly adapted and highly experienced education and training abilities of HR staff could accelerate the adoption and usage of e-Learning but they need to clearly select and define an appropriate curriculum from among the extensive mass-customized content with an e-learning basis. Here the research has analyzed the influence of the introduction and usage of e-Learning in hotels on HR staff and their roles from the viewpoint of hermeneutic phenomenology.