• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 2006

작약은 다년생 숙근성으로 가을에 식재가 일반적이지만 식재시기를 놓치거나 토지의 이용, 농가의 사정 등으로 부득이 봄에 식재 할 경우 생육과 뿌리수량에 미치는 영향에 대하여 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 식재 당년 맹아의 출현은 봄 식재시기가 늦을수록 빨라졌다. 생육은 3월 10일에 식재한 것이 가장 양호하여 키가 크고 줄기수가 많았으며 뿌리의 길이와 수 및 굵기도 증대되었다. 4월 10일에 식재한 것은 생육중 고사로 결주가 24% 발생하였고 생육이 불량하였으며 뿌리 수량은 3월 10일 식재에 비하여 43% 수준으로 크게 저조하였다. 2년생 10g당 건근수량은 3월10일 식재가 635 kg으로 가장 많았으며 2월 25일과 3월 25일은 비슷하였고 4월 10일 식재는 359 kg으로 가장 적어 작약 봄식재 시기는 언땅이 풀린 후부터 3월 10일 경이 가장 적합하였다. 작약의 주성분인 Paeoniflorin함량은 봄식재시기 간에 유의성이 없었다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.298-302
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• 2005

In order to decide the optimum planting time for Bupleurum falcatum L. which is grown widely in Korea, some experiments were carried out in different regions such as mid-north area (Gangwon-do, Gyeonggi-do and Chungcheongnamdo), mid-south area (Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do and Gyeongsangbuk-do). The mid-south area had the highest total saikosaponin contents of 1.001, which is the medicinal ingredients of Bupleurum falcatum L., in accordance with the different Bupleurum falcatum L. regions. Also this area has the highest extract contents of 24.3%. Average dry root yields in mid-north area (Gangwon-do) were $450{\sim}460$ kg/ha at planting time of March 20th to March 30th, 500 kg/ha at the time of March 30th to April 10th, and $470{\sim}480$ kg/ha at the time of March 10th to March 20th in Chungcheongnam-do. The optimum planting time in the mid-south area (Jeollabuk-do) was March 10th to March 30th with the average dry root yield of $490{\sim}550$ kg/ha. Average dry root yield in Euiseong, Gyeongsangbuk-do area was 470 kg/ha, and the optimum planting time was April 10th, which suggested that the yield increased as the planting time was delayed. At Jeju-do, the volcanic soil of farsouthern area, average dry root yield was 510 kg/ha at the time of March 10th, but the yield from non-volcanic soil was lower than from volcanic soil, which had a dry root yield of 470 kg/ha.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.272-275
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• 2000

Winter green manure crops including legume increase grain yield of subsequent crop and substitute N fertilizer requirement with organic-No Hairy vetch grows vigorously and can provide N-rich green manure for corn with its soil incorporation after wintering. But, grain yield of corn as succeeding crop would be reduced if its planting time is delayed until late spring. This experiment was carried out to find the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch green manure and planting time of subsequent corn in cropping system with winter hairy vetch(green manure)-summer corn. Hairy vetch was incorporated into soil at a ten-day interval between April 10 and May 10 and corn was planted at 5 days after each hairy vetch incorporation. Soil nitrate concentration on April 10 and 20 in hairy vetch plot was slightly lower than that at winter fallow. Above-ground dry matter and organic-N of hairy vetch increased linearly with delayed hairy vetch incorporation time from April 10 to May 10. Average dry matter and organic-N produced by hairy vetch were 5.7 ton/ha and 248 kgN/ha, respectively. Corn growth and yield decreased as delayed corn planting time after May in spite of increasing dry matter and N-yield of hairy vetch. Nitrogen concentration of corn grain, stalk and whole plant at harvest were the highest in May 5 planting, but total N-uptake of May 5 planting were not different from that of April 25 planting because of lower grain yield. It was concluded that the proper incorporation time of hairy vetch and corn planting time were April 20 and April 25, respectively, because grain yield was the highest and corn could use hairy vetch-N effectively to produce dry matter.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제17권
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• pp.79-114
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• 1974

들깨 재배시기 이동에 따른 실용형질의 생태변이를 추구하고 이를 일장 및 온도처리의 결과로 실증하고자 작물시험장에서 포장실험은 1972년 36개 품종월 4월5일부터 6월20일까지 15일간격으로 6회파종하고 폿트 실험은 1972년부터 1973년 까지 2개년에 걸쳐 양년 모두 5월25일에 파종하고 일장처리는 6개 품종을 공시하여 단일구는 자연일장을 이용하고 장일구는 100￦의 자연전등으로 조명하였으며 온도처리는 3개 품종을 공시하여 작물시험장 인공기상실에서 각각 수행하여 조사한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 개화기는 파종기의 조만에 관계없이 9월6일경이었으며 개화일수는 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 일정하게 단축되었다. 2. 성숙기는 10월6일경이나 파종기가 빠른 것이 성숙도 빨랐으며 결실일수는 26∼30일이었다. 3. 생육일수는 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 개화일수와 같이 일정하게 단축되었다. 4. 초장은 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 일정하게 짧아졌다. 5. 분지수는 제 I, II 및 III 파종기의 조기파종에서는 거의 비슷하고 그 이후의 만기파종에서는 거의 비슷하고 파종기가 늦어짐에 따라 줄어들었다. 6. 건물중은 제I 파종기에서 제III 파종기까지 파종기가 지연됨에 따라 완만하게 증가하나 제IV 파종기 이후부터 급격하게 감소하였다. 7. 일장 및 온도처리에 따른 개화반응을 보면 온도의 영향은 극히 미미하고 일장의 영향은 예민하였다. 8. 일장 및 온도처리에 따른 초장 분지수 및 건물중의 변이는 처리시기 및 일수에 따라 일정한 경향이 없었다. 9. 수량은 제III 파종기(5월 5일)에서 가장 많았으며 이보다 조만파 할수록 감소되었다. 10. 1,000립중은 파종기가 늦을수록 다소 무거운 경향이었다. 11. 화방수는 제III파종기(5월5일)에서 많았고 이보다 조만파 할수록 적었다. 12. 유분함량도 제III 파종기(5월5일)에서 가장 높았다. 13. 개화일수, 결실일수, 생육일수 및 개화기간등은 수량에 별로 영향하지 않았다. 14. 분지수, 화방수, 1,000립중 및 건물중 등은 수량과 정의 상관관계를 보였으나 이들 형질이 수량에 관여하는 정도는 파종기에 따라 달랐다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of harvest index and the relationship between harvest index and yield determination factors by different planting times in the determinate soybean cultivars, Shinpaldal and Danbaeg. Optimum planting were 23 May in 1995 and 1996. Late planting were 13 June in 1995 and 6 June in 1996. Growth period from planting to physiological maturity (R7) was shortened as planting time was delayed in two cultivars due to shortening of reproductive growth period in Shinpaldal, and of vegetative growth period in Danbaeg. Stem weight was distinctly decreased in late planting compared to optimum planting, but seed weight of both cultivars was not different between planting times. Also, seed number per pod and harvest index were significantly increased in late planting and the high correlation was found between two factors. It was suggested that increase of harvest index in late planting would be related with high assimilate use efficiency due to increase of sink capacity. The results of correlation and principal component analysis for yield determination factors showed that main factor on yield determination was pod number per plant at R5 stage associated with dry matter accumulation during early reproductive growth period, seed number per pod and harvest index were the second factor, and one hundred seed weight was the third factor. The result of this experiment indicated that yield determination in soy-bean was dependent mainly on pod number per plant related to dry matter accumulation by early reproductive growth period, and the increase of seed number per pod and harvest index could compensate for yield decrease by shortening of vegetative growth period in late planting. Such result suggests that optimum planting date can be delayed from mid May to early June in improved soybean cultivars in Korea.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.11-15
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to investigate the changes of growth and maturity and to clarify the function of supernodulating characters, excessive nodules and high biological nitrogen fixation rate (BNF), on maturity in response to different planting time in supernodulating soybean mutants. Two supernodulating soybean mutants, Sakukei4 and SS2-2, and their parent cultivars, Enrei and Shinpaldalkong2, were planted on May 24 and June 15, 2004. The degrees of the shortening of growth days by the planting time delay were 18 to 22 days in four cultivar, and there were no significant differences among the cultivars. However, four cultivars showed the different maturity properties. Sakukei4, mutated from Enrei, showed later maturity than that of Enrei, and 882-2, mutated from Shinpaldalkong2, showed earlier maturity than that of Shinpaldalkong2. The plant and nodule dry weights at R6 stage of Sakukei4 showed the smallest decrement and those of SS2-2 was showed the largest decrement by the delay of planting time. The photosynthetic rates of Sakukei4 during the late reproductive growth period were slowly decreased, however those of SS2-2 were steeply decreased in two planting time treatments. Overall, the growth of Sakukei4 was decreased slowly, however the growth of SS2-2 was decreased sharply according to the delay of planting time. The percentage of seed yield of Sakukei4 in June planting plot compared with May planting plot at R8 stage was $92\%$, which was the lowest decreasing rate of yield among the cultivars, and in the case of SS2-2, it was in $76\%$, the highest one. These results indicated that the responses of supernodulating mutants by the delay of planting time were very similar to the wild types. This means supernodulating characters in supernodulating soybean mutants might not affect to the maturity property. Additionally, the maturity property could be considered as an important characteristics to decide or to select on the developments of supernodulating soybean mutants, which have a low productivity by an excessive nodules, especially.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.141-147
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• 2006

본 시험은 논에서 콩을 재배할 경우 파종기 및 재식밀도를 달리할 경우 수량과 생육에 미치는 영향을 알고자 실시하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 파종기에 따른 수량은 5월 단작이 가장 많았으며 7월 5일 파종할 경우 가장 적었는데 풍산나물콩 5월 24일 파종은 10a 당 362 kg을 보였다. 백립중은 풍산나물콩의 경우 파종이 늦을수록 증가하였으나 한남콩은 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 2. 경장, 엽면적, 건물중은 5.24 파종이 가장 높았으며, 6.14 파종과 7.05 파종은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 3. 개화기 및 착협기의 엽 건물중과 수량간에는 높은 정의 상관을 보였으나 입비대시는 유의성은 없었으며, 파종기에 따른 상대생장율(RGR)은 파종기가 늦을수록 증가하였다. 4. 파종기에 따른 광합성은 정엽의 경우 큰 차이를 보이지 않았지만, 입비대시의 제 7엽의 광합성은 5월 24일 파종때보다 6.14와 7.05 파종에서 보다 높은 경향을 보였다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.77-86
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• 2016

Due to aging of the rural and mountain populations the labor force is reduced. However work intensity continues to increase, thus, there is a need to improve the current effectiveness of forest operations. This study compared and analyzed the Operation productivity and efficiency of planting containerized seedlings using a battery-powered planting auger and a mattock. Growth was also investigated by looking into the initial growth increments in the planted seedlings. Tasks were investigated by analyzing the process and operation time needed to plant 1 containerized seedling using a planting auger and a mattock. The time spent on the various elements of the planting process was measured with a stopwatch but observations were done continuously. Result of the study shows that with the use of a lightweight planting auger the average time spent to plant a containerized seedling is 18.61 seconds while with the use of a mattock it took an average of 26.96 seconds which clearly demonstrates that the planting auger is more efficient in terms of working hours. Working intensity was also analyzed with the use of a portable heart rate monitor (Polar V800). The average increase in heart rate and work intensity index were analyzed for one planting cycle. It was observed that when using the lightweight planting auger, there was a 46.51% increase in the average heart rate while a 74.67% increase in heart rate when the mattock was used which shows that there is a significant increase in heart rate when mattock is used. In addition, work intensity index was observed to be 29.95% and 47.83% when the planting auger and mattock were used respectively. With the continuous use, work intensity index is significantly higher with the use of the mattock as compared to that of the lightweight planting auger. There were no significant differences on the growth increment of seedlings planted using the different tools until a year after planting, however differences in growth increment were observed after a year. A difference of 15.1 cm in height and 3.41 mm in diameter was observed which shows that the use of lightweight planting auger is excellent for planting containerized seedlings.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.236-248
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• 2004

본 연구는 서울시에 조성된 아파트단지내 녹지를 대상으로 식재개념, 식재밀도, 식재유형 및 패턴 등 배식특성을 조사.분석하여 개선방안을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 대상지는 아파트단지 녹지면적이 크게 달라지는 시기의 대표대상지인 1978년에 준공된 강서구 화곡주공아파트(2단지)(용적률:99%), 1983년에 준공되 강남구 삼익그린아파트(2차)(용적률:175%), 1992년에 준공된 강서구 동신대아아파트(용적률:225%)를 선정하였으며 녹지를 전면녹지, 측면녹지, 후면녹지로 구분하였다. 대상지의 녹지유형별 식재개념은 경관식재로만 이루어져 시기에 따른 차이는 없었으며 식재종에 있어서도 외래종 조경수목이 주를 이루어 녹지공간별 차이는 없었다. 아파트단지의 식재밀도은 교목 및 아교목층 0.0~0.2주/$m^{2}$로 관목층의 식재밀도가 부족하였으나 조성시기에 따른 식재밀도의 차이는 없었다. 층위구조는 교목.아교목층과 관목층 수목이 각각 다른 위치에 평면적으로 식재된 단층구조이었으며 녹지공간과 관계없이 독립식재, 열식재, 부등변삼각식재가 주로 활용되었다. 아파트 단지내 녹지는 공가별 식재개념에 따라 식재종, 식재밀도, 층위구조, 식재패턴이 다양하게 이루어져야 하므로 식재개념에 차별화시키기 위하여 전면녹지는 시각적 차폐와 미적인 기능, 후면녹지는 녹지량 증지 및 생태적 개념, 측면녹지는 녹지량을 증진을 주된 목적으로 조성할 것을 제안하였다.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2008

In this study, a garlic clove planter which is capable of planting holes in soil and planting a clove at the same time was designed and tested for film mulched beds. Planting characteristics of the planter were measured through field experiment. Some characteristics were analyzed with multibody dynamic simulation software. Simulation was performed on opening time of the planting hopper. Measured characteristics were position, angle, and reposition amount of garlic in sowing hole. Experiment results showed that the planted position of garlic in planting was 23.0 mm from the hole wall. The reposition amount of garlic was varied with its position and angle when the planted garlic was pressed by an angled compaction wheel. In case of type II position, the position movement of garlic was larger than type I. Average position movement of type II was 11.5 mm at $20^{\circ}$ of compaction wheel angle. These data suggest that cutting diameter of film opening must be larger than 33 mm to provide enough space for garlic sprouting. Also, simulation results showed that the maximum opening time of the planting hopper was 0.26 second.