• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.33-39
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• 1975

Changes of urinary aldosterone excretion, concurrent sodium and potassium excretion following furosemide administration were studied in normotensive young Korean with high sodium intake, moderate sodium restriction and marked sodium depletion. After intravenous injection of furosemd 40mg, plasma and urine samples were collected at every thirty minutes for two hours. Plasma-and urinary aldosterone, electrolyte concentration and urine flow rate were measured by means of radioimmunoassay or flamephotometry. Relations of urinary aldosterone to concurrent sodium or potassium/sodium ratio, and of urinary aldosterone to concurrent plasma aldosterone activity were studied. Following were the results: 1. Furosemide administration resulted in a increased urinary aldosterone concentration and unchanged or somewhat decreased sodium concentration in course of time after the injection. 2. Urinary potassium concentration showed initial decrease and subsequent increase in course of time after furosemide administration and it resulted in a gradual increase in urinary potassium/sodium ratio. 3. Studying the relations between urinary aldosterone excretion and potassium/sodium excretion ratio, or sodium excretion were meaningless because of the urinary flow rate after the injection was decreased with time course. 4. Furosemide administration showed a good relationship of urinary aldosterone concentration to concurrent potassium/sodium ratio rather than concurrent sodium concentration in subjects with sodium restriction, but no meaningful relationship was detected in subjects with high sodium intake because increasing rate of the ratio was not so wide. 5. Furosemide also resulted a reasonable relation of plasma aldosterone concentration to concurrent urinary aldosterone concentration especially during low sodium intake. 6. Above results suggested that relation of urinary aldosterone concentration to K/Na ratio following furosemide administration during sodium restriction is significant and has a benefit to reduce the variation induced by kalemic change showing in the diragram for daily aldosterone to sodium excretion.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 1973

The changes of plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, serum sodium-, and potassium levels were studied before and after the water loading followed by diuretics injection. The materials were: 13 non-, 11 normal-, and 11 toxemic pregnancy cases. The plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration of the cord and postpartum blood were also measured. Following were the results: 1. The plasma renin activity was elevated significantly in normal pregnancy, and slightly in toxemic pregnancy. The serum sodium levels were decreased in pregnancy. 2. The plasma aldosterone concentration was slightly decreased in normal pregnancy, and slightly increased in toxemic pregnancy, however, statistically insignificant. 3. The plasma renin activity of the cord and postpartum blood were lower than those of pregnancy cases. 4. The changes of plasma renin activity after the diuretic administration showed an initial increase, which recovered within 2 hours. These changes were the least in normal pregnancy, and the most in toxemic pregnancy. 5. The changes of plasma aldosterone concentration after the diuretic administration were similar to those of plasma renin activity, although the variations were not so wide.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.23-28
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• 1976

Author have already reported that urinary aldosterone excretion of the Korean who usually eat high sodium diet is significantly lower comparing with the American, although the plasma aldosterone concentration is identical in the former with that of the latter. Measurement of urinary aldosterone excretion and Plasma concentration only is insufficient to establish the pressence and/or mode of evolution of the Korean. In this experiments, aldosterone secretion rate(ASR) was measured in normotensive Korean during high and low dietary sodium intake with or without additional potassium supply. Results were as follows; 1) In normal Korean, dietary sodium restriction resulted in appreciable increase in ASR, and a sustained increase in urinary aldosterone excretion with an increase in plasma level. 2) Oral potassium loading easily stimulated the adrenal cortex of the Korean who already adapted to a high sodium diet when dietary sodium is still identical with not·mal American. 3) Quantitative relationships between aldosterone secretion rate, plasma concentration and urinary excretion of aldosterone were altered by potassium loading. 4) Urinary aldosterone excretion didn't reflect concurrent increase aldosterone secretion in subjects with Potassium intake. It was discussed that the changes of tile relationships and of adrenal hyper response on Potassium Beading in the Korean will be elucidated by measuring the metabolic clearance rate.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-44
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• 1977

In the previous study of the release, excretion, and plasma concentration of aldosterone in normal Koreans, the author found that urinary aldosterone excretion and aldosterone secretion rate of the Korean who usually take high amount of salt are significantly lower, in compared to Americans, although the plasma concentration is only tended to be low. The control of plasma aldosterone level depends on the secretion rate and the metabolic clearance of the hormone. In this experiments, the metabolic clearance rate of aldosterone was determined in normotensive korean and the effects of adrenal stimulations on the rates were also studied in the same subjects. The metabolic clearance rate of the normal Korean was not significantly different from those of the American, and shown a little increase in response to sodium restriction. These results indicate that the decrease in secretion rate rather than the increase in metabolic clearance Tate is the major factor maintaining lower plasma aldosterone level. After furosemide diuresis, on the contrary, the removal of aldosterone showed significant the decrease despite slight increase of secretion rate. This suggest that the reduction in metabolic clearance rate of the hormone during volume depletion found to be major cause of high plasma concentration. Additional potassium supply produced detectable decrease of metabolic clearance rate, but the changes were smaller than that of secretion rate, which suggested that the higher secretion rate could account for elevated plasma concentration of aldosterone rather than metabolic clearance. Above results also support author's previous evidences that the normal Korean who already adapted to a high sodium diet have ability to produce adequate aldosterone activity without producing detectable changes on the metabolic clearance rate under the condition of sodium restriction with approp riate potassium intake.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.3-8
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• 1977

Effect of sodium restriction with or without potassium supplement and furosemide diuresis on plasma aldosterone response to mild hemorrhage were studied in normotensive young volunteers. After an overnight fast, blood were drawn just before and 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 120 minutes after the $^3H$-aldosterone injection. The sum of blood delivered reached over 100ml(during two hours). Plasma aldosterone and renin were measured by means of radioimmunoassay. The results were as followed; 1. Hemorrhage resulted in a moderate increase in plasma aldosterone level of volunteers with normal diet. 2. The mean figures of plasma aldosterone in subjects with sodium restriction and diuresis were likewise significantly increased by hemorrhage, however, the figure of the subjects with potassium supplement who already shown higher plasma level was without effect on hemorrhage. 3. Hemorrhage produced slight decrease in serum sodium concentration in every experimental conditions, although the changes were not significant. 4. Plasma renin activities after the hemorrhage followed a similar pattern with that of aldosterone, increased during sodium restriction or diuresis and unaffected during potassium supplement.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1263-1269
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• 2002

To evaluate the effect of Choakwiyeum(CKY) and Yukmijihwang-tang(YJT) water extract on the renal function and the levels of plasma aldosterone, this experiment was performed in the rabbbits. These result indicate that increase in urine volume(UV) after administration of CKY and YJT water extract is related to increase in glomerular filtration rate(GFR), free water clearance(FWC) and renal plasma f1ow(RPF) and also to decrease in plasma aldosterone concentration(PAC), which seems to be affected by renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and that reduced blood pressure seems to be caused by reduced peripheral resistance.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 1984

It has been generally recognized that the secretion of aldosterone is mainly regulated by angiotensin II in animals and humans, however, potassium and ACTH are also proposed as other humoral factors involved in the aldosterone secretory process. Recently, stress, anesthesia, adrenergic stimulation, low sodium intake or water deprivation stimulate plasma renin activity, while high sodium intake and deoxycorticosteroid have been reported to cause suppression of renin activity in animals. It seems that overall response of aldosterone secretory mechanisms reflects complex interactions both intrarenal and extrarenal components. Furosemide has been widely used to investigate the control of renin secretion by the kidney, and the relationship between diuretics and the disposition of endogenous aldosterone were reported (Oh, 1984). The sequential with 10 min interval samples of plasma were collected following administration of furosemide(1 mg/kg), aspirin(10 mg/kg), respectively. And also similar experiment was performed in the propranolol (10 mg/kg) pretreated rabbits. The results were as follows : 1) The concentration of plasma aldosterone was average of $426.I{\sim}485.5pg/ml$ in normal rabbits. Plasma concentrations of aldosterone rised significantly after injection of furosemide during 50 min, and the rise of plasma aldosterone was blocked by the propranolol pretreatment 2) Significant fall in the plasma level of aldosterone after injection of aspirin was noted. This result indicates that the increased secretion of aldosterone induced by furosemide administration is mediated through ${\beta}-receptors$, and the possible role of prostaglandin is substantiated.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.51-66
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• 1989

Mammalian cardiocytes secrete atrial natriuretic peptides (ANPs) into plasma, which cause marked natriuresis, diuresis, vasorelaxation and inhibition of hormone secretions. Aging influences the ability of the kidney both to conserve and to excrete sodium; i.e., in old animals, the excretory capacity of sodium is reduced and the time required to excrete sodium load is prolonged. Therefore, it is possible that animals differing in ages may respond differently to ANP. In the present study, we determined whether the renal, hormonal and vascular effects of ANP may be influenced by aging in conscious rabbits. The plasma renin concentration decreased with aging but plasma ANP concentration was significantly lower only in 24-month-old rabbits. Plasma aldosterone concentration and atrial ANP content did not change by aging. In 1-month-old rabbits, ANP (atriopeptin III, 3 ug/kg) administered intravenously caused hypotension and decreased in plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations, but did not cause diuresis and natriuresis. In 2 to 5 month-old rabbits, ANP caused hypotension, decreases in Plasma renin and aldosterone concentrations and marked renal effects. However, in 24-month-old rabbits, all the above effects of ANP was blunted. With hydration of physiological saline at a rate of 15 ml/kg/h for 2hr, urine volume and glomerular filtration rate did not change but the electrolyte excretion as well as fractional excretion of sodium significantly increased. The plasma concentrations of active renin and aldosterone were decreased but plasma inactive renin and ANP concentrations were increased. The changes in renal function and plasma level of hormone showed no differences in different ages. These results suggest that the peripheral vascular receptors to ANP may develop earlier than those in the kidney, and the attenuated vascular and renal responses to ANP in the old age may be due to age-related modifications in renal function and blood vessel.

• Journal of Medicine and Life Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.60-63
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• 2020

Primary aldosteronism has been found more often among patients with hypertension. Primary aldosteronism can be caused by an aldosterone-producing adenoma, bilateral adrenal hyperplasia, or rarely by an adrenal carcinoma. An initial diagnostic test for aldosteronism is a measurement of the plasma renin activity and aldosterone concentration. For example, up to 20% of patients with hypertension showed increased plasma aldosterone concentration/renin activity ratio. If surgery is planned, an adrenal vein sampling is necessary for exact localization. Spironolactone, an aldosterone antagonist, is the drug of choice for patients with an aldosterone-producing adenoma or hyperplasia. It can control elevated blood pressure in most primary aldosteronism patients. However, unilateral laparoscopic adrenalectomy is the best treatment for aldosterone-producing adenoma or asymmetrical aldosterone production in patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Here we report a patient with primary aldosteronism caused by unilateral adrenal hyperplasia and a contralateral adrenal adenoma who required as many as five different kinds of antihypertensive medications for controlling elevated blood pressure. The adrenal adenoma was successfully removed by unilateral adrenalectomy and the blood pressure had been controlled well after the surgery.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.69-79
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• 1991

To evaluate the acute and chronic effects of potassium on aldosterone response to different amounts of sodium intake, two series of experiments were conducted. In the first series of experiments, when the plasma K level was increased acutely by KCI infusion $(20\;{\mu}g/kg/min\;for\;20 min)$, plasma aldosterone concentration increased in both low Na and high Na groups. However, the aldosterone response to K infusion was significantly greater in the low Na than in the high Na groups. In the second series of experiments, rats fed a high K diet chronically showed a significantly higher plasma K level than those fed a low K diet. However, plasma Na level was maintained relatively constant independent of the Na intake. Both the plasma renin activity (PRA) and aldosterone levels were inversely related to the Na intake. There was a highly positive correlation between aldosterone level and PRA over a wide range of sodium intakes. However, the slope of the correlation line was distinctly steeper in the K-repleted than in the K-depleted rats. The above results indicate that the adrenotropic action of acute K load was augmented in the presence of high plasma renin levels. However, when plasna K level was elevated chronically by a high-K diet, aldosterone secretion was markedly stimulated, although the plasma lenin levels were suppressed.