• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.149-154
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• 1998

Binding of urokinase-type plasminogen activator to its cellular receptor accelerate production of plasmin from plasminogen on the cell surface. Plasmin can digest extracellular matrix components and basement membranes through activating certain proMMPs, which is related to the invasiveness to the cells. Plasmin also acts the regulation of blood coagulation and relates closely to cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and coronary occlusion. Therefore, its inhibitors may be useful as antimetastatic agents and to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. To search for plasmin inhibitors from plant resources, we screened plasmin inhibitory activities with 76 methanol extract of plant species. Among them, three plant samples showed strong inhibitory activities (>70%) and thirteen plant samples showed more than 50% inhibitory activities of plasmin. Their inhibitory activities were not directly related with uPA inhibitory activites and cell viability.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.237-240
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• 2001

Epithelial cell migration plays an important role in many physiological processes such as morphogenesis and wound healing, and cell mobility requires the release of the cell from its adhesion site. This is directed, at least in part, by limited proteolysis of matrix molecules by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). MMPs are zinc-dependent proteases produced by a variety of cell types, and have a fundamental role in tissue remodelling, tumour invasion and metastasis. In addition, the ability of cells to mediate fibrinolytic agent, plasmin. The purpose of this study was to test if vascular endothlial growth factor (VEGF) can regulate the production of MMPs and plasmin by keratinocyte cells. Supernatants from a human keratinocyte cell line grown in the presence or absence of VEGF (10ng/mL) produced ?2.5 fold increases in cell proliferation, and ?3.0 fold increses in MMP-2 and plasmin levels. Our results suggest that VEGF may modulate keratinocyte cell proliferating activity by increasing the abundance of MMP-2 and plasmin, and indicates a role for VEGF in the regulation of keratinocyte behaviour in wound healing and tissue remodelling.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.87-90
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• 1998

Various bacterial strains that secret extracellular fibrinolytic enzyme were screened from Doen-Jang, a traditional soybean fermented food in Korea. Five microbes of them were identified to be Bacillus sp. strains according to Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. The culture filtrates of B. amyloliquefaciens (2.46 plasmin unit/ml) and B. pantothenticus (3.82 plasmin unit/ml) showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about three times higher than that of plasmin 1.0 unit and Bacillus subtilis showed the highest fibrinolytic activity (4.94 plasmin unit/ml). All of the extracellular proteases showing the fibrinolytic activity are confirmed by SDS-PAGE followed by reverse fibrin zymogram activity assay and we proposed that some of the fibrinolytic enzymes from this work are novel enzymes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.385-390
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• 2010

Excessive extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation is the main feature of chronic renal disease including diabetic nephropathy. Plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1 is known to play an important role in renal ECM accumulation in part through suppression of plasmin generation and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activation. The present study examined the effect of PAI-1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on fibronectin upregulation and plasmin/MMP suppression in primary mesangial cells cultured under high glucose (HG) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}1$, major mediators of diabetic renal ECM accumulation. Growth arrested and synchronized rat primary mesangial cells were transfected with $1\;{\mu}M$ phosphorothioate-modified antisense or control mis-match ODN for 24 hours with cationic liposome and then stimulated with 30 mM D-glucose or 2 ng/ml TGF-${\beta}1$. PAl-1 or fibronectin protein was measured by Western blot analysis. Plasmin activity was determined using a synthetic fluorometric plasmin substrate and MMP-2 activity analyzed using zymography. HG and TGF-${\beta}1$ significantly increased PAI-1 and fibronectin protein expression as well as decreased plasmin and MMP-2 activity. Transient transfection of mesangial cells with PAI-1 antisense ODN, but not mis-match ODN, effectively reversed basal as well as HG- and TGF-${\beta}1$-induced suppression of plasmin and MMP-2 activity. Both basal and upregulated fibronectin secretion were also inhibited by PAI-1 antisense ODN. These data confirm that PAI-1 plays an important role in ECM accumulation in diabetic mesangium through suppression of protease activity and suggest that PAI-1 antisense ODN would be an effective therapeutic strategy for prevention of renal fibrosis including diabetic nephropathy.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.553-557
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• 1999

Five fungi (mushrooms), Daedaleopsis styracina, Trichaptum abietium, Coriolus versicolor, Pisolithus tinctorius and Tricholomopsis decora, were screened and examined the fibrinolytic activity and specificity. The extracts of mushrooms showed a level of fibrinolytic activity that was about 3-4 times higher than that of plasmin 1.0 unit. In particular, Pisolithus tinctorius of them showed the greatest enzyme activity (4.71 plasmin unit/mL) by fibrin plate assay, and the highest specificity (1.32 plasmin unit/mL) using chromogenic substrate (N-p-Tosyl-Gly-Pro-Lys p-nitroanilide) by Tricholomopsis decora. And the same molecular mass 54 and 61kDa showing the fibrinolytic activity obtained from all fruiting bodies were confirmed, and it was found that Trichaptum abietium and Tricholomopsis decora have a strong fibrinolytic enzyme with an apparent size of 100 kDa and 84 kDa, respectively on SDS-fibrin zymography activity assay.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-136
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• 2020

Hippocampal synaptic dysfunction is a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many agents regulating hippocampal synaptic plasticity show an ameliorative effect on AD pathology, making them potential candidates for AD therapy. In the present study, we investigated spinosin as a regulating agent of synaptic plasticity in AD. Spinosin attenuated amyloid β (Aβ)-induced long-term potentiation (LTP) impairment, and improved plasmin activity and protein level in the hippocampi of 5XFAD mice, a transgenic AD mouse model. Moreover, the effect of spinosin on hippocampal LTP in 5XFAD mice was prevented by 6-aminocaproic acid, a plasmin inhibitor. These results suggest that spinosin improves synaptic function in the AD hippocampus by regulating plasmin activity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.763-765
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• 2005

A new simplified procedure for identifying human plasmin was developed using a DTT copolymerized agarose stacking gel (ASG) system. Agarose (1%) was used for the stacking gel because DTT inhibits the polymerization of acrylamide. Human plasmin showed the lowest activity at pH 9.0. There was a similar catalytically active pattern observed under acidic conditions (pH 3.0) to that observed under alkaline conditions (pH 10.0 or 11.0). Using the ASG system, the primary structure of the heavy chain could be established at pH 3.0. This protein was found to consist of three fragments, 45 kDa, 23 kDa, and 13 kDa. These results showed that the heavy chain has a similar structure to the autolysed plasmin (Wu et al., 1987b) but there is a different start amino acid sequence of the N-termini.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.26 no.4 s.87
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• pp.589-593
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• 1998

Extracts from 65 species of mushrooms in mount Chiak were screened for their fibrinolytic activities. Extracts from Armillariella mellea, Calocybe sp., Lepista nuda and Trichaptum abietinum showed to have almost twice of activity of plasmin 1.5 U/ml, 193%, 213%, 198%, and 193% respectively. Collybia maculata showed 98% of activity, and Coprinus comatus and Lepiota sp. 56% and 58% activities, respectively. Other two, Agrocybe sp. and Stropharia rugosoannulata were less than 10% of activities.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.173-177
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• 2002

To investigate the fibrinolytic activities of the Korean basidiomycetes, the Extracts of 50 wild mushrooms were tested for their fibrinolytic activites. Extract from Tricholoma sejunctum showed 175% increased activity to that of plasmin 1.0 U/ml. Marasmius siccus showed 54% of activity, and Laetiporus sulphureus var. miniatus and Macrolepiota procera, 43% and 26% activities, respectively to that of plasmin. But, Cystoderma amianthinum, Lepiota sp., Coprinus sp., Lycoperdon sp. were less than 10% of plasmin activity.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological functionalities of 60 wild mushroom methanol extracts. We determined their fibrinolytic and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities. Among them, 11 mushrooms showed fibrinolytic activity. In particular, Armillaria sp. showed the greatest enzyme activity (4.2 plasmin units/ml) in a fibrin plate assay. The fibrinolytic activities of Amanita virosa. Gymnophilus sp. and Lepista nuda were 2.3, and the activities of Amanita citrina and Cortinarius alboviolaceus were 2.1 and 2.0 plasmin units, respectively. In a ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity test, Naematoloma fasciculare showed the greatest inhibitory activity at 98.5%. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activities of Suillus luteus and Gomphidius maculatus were 66.6% and 61.5%, respectively. This study suggests that both Armillaria sp. and N. fasciculare can be used as candidates for the development of new medicine effective to cardiovascular diseases and biofunctional food.