• 약학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.220-224
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• 1997

This study was carried out to investigate the dose dependent antifibrotic effects of polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum. The experimental hepatic cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation/scission (BDL/S) in rats. BDL/S rats in each group were dosed 0.5 mg, 2.0 mg, 5.0 mg or 10.O mg/rat/day orally for 4 weeks after the operation. Antifibrotic effects were evaluated by serum biochemical values, hydroxyproline contents, and light microscopical histology. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Hydroxyproline contents in liver of 5.0 and 10.0mg polysaccharide-treated BDL/S rats were significantly reduced 2) In serum test, ALT, AST, ALP values in polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum-treated group were lower than BDL/S control group 3) The hepatic damage such as hepatocellular necrosis, inflammation, bile duct proliferation and fibrosis was less severe in the livers of 2.0 mg and 5.0 mg polysaccharide-treated rats. These results suggest that polysaccharide from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum to be a promising agent for the inhibition of hepatic cirrhosis.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.180-183
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• 2007

Cytoprotective ability of polysaccharides isolated from different edible mushrooms was investigated on the 7-ketocholesterol-induced damaged cell line. Polysaccharide extracts from six different edible mushrooms-Flammulina velutipes, Peurotus ostreatus, Lentinus edodes, Agrocybe aegerita, Agaricus blazei, and Cordyceps militaris- were prepared by hot water extraction and alcohol precipitation. Cytoprotective ability was evaluated by measuring the viable cells of the normal embryonic liver cell line (BNL CL. 2) in the presence of 7-ketocholesterol. At $80\;{\mu}g/mL$ of 7-ketocholesterol, cytotoxicity was very high with a loss of 98% of viable cells after 20 h of incubation. With the addition of $200\;{\mu}g/mL$ of each polysaccharide isolate to the cell line containing $80\;{\mu}g/mL$ of 7-ketocholesterol, polysaccharide isolates from both Flammulina velutipes and Peurotus ostreatus could significantly inhibit the 7-ketochoelsterol-induced cytotoxicity in the cells. But other polysaccharide isolates were not effective in inhibiting cell damage caused by the oxLDL-induced cytotoxicity.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.360-367
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• 1994

The effect of various nutrients for the production of the anti-complementary polysaccha- ride by Flammulina velutipes, was examined and the partial purification of the polysaccharide was carried out. The culture conditions and medium compositions considerably influenced the anti-complementary activity of the polysaccharides. When a culture was carried out at 23$\circ$C and pH 5.5 for 6 days in the synthetic medium supplemented with galactose and NaNO$_{3}$, the production of the anti-complementary polysaccharide was maximized. The crude polysaccharide, FV-1 was isolated from the culture broth and partially purified into two fractions, FV-1-II and FV-1-III by gel filtration using Sephadex G-100. FV-1-II was mainly consisted of xylose, mannose, galactose and glucose, and rhamnose, mannose and galactose, for FV-1-III. Also, the anti-complementary activity of FV-1-III was reduced partially in the absence of the Ca ion. When crossed immunoelect- rophoresis using anti-human C3 serum was carried out after incubation of normal human serum with the FV-1-III in the Ca ion free condition, a cleavage of C3 precipitin line was observed. These results indicate that the mode of complement activation by polysaccharide from Flammulina velutipes is via not only the classical pathway but also the alternative pathway.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2001

생물고분자 생산 균주를 분리하여 동정한 결과, 분리균주는 Gram 음성의 간균으로 내생포자를 형성하지 않았으며, nitrate 환원과 catalase 반응에서 양성이고, oxidase 반응에서 음성인 통성 혐기성의 한 균주로 분류학상의 위치를 검토한 결과, Enterobacter sp.로 판단하였다 이 균주가 생성하는 생물고분자는 정색반응, CPC 침전, IR 분석 등에 의해 우론산을 함유한 산성의 다당인 것으로 추정되었다. TLC 및 GC에 의해 조사한 결과, mannose, galactose 및 galacturonic acid로 구성된 hetero 다당이었으며, 분자량은 약 3.7$\times$$10^{5}$이었다. 이다당의 수용액(0.5-2.0%, w/v)은 비뉴우톤 유체로 항복응력을 갖는 의가소성 유체로서 거동하였으며, 1.5% 농도 이상의 낮은 농도에서 겔 형성능을 나타내었다.다.

• 약학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.347-353
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• 2000

To examine influence of artificial digestive juice on the antitumor activity of Ganoderma lucidum-A(GL-A), protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum, we compared the digested protein-bound polysaccharide with undigested one both on immunopotentiating activity and influence of digestive juices. Protein-bound polysaccharide GL-B was obtained by digesting the antitumor component GL-A with artificial digestive Juices in vitro. When GL-A was administered orally to sarcoma 180 tumor-bearing ICR mice, the life prolonging effect was exhibited in a dose dependent manner Not only GL-A but GL-B increased the production of colony forming unit (CFU) to 10- and 8-fold of that of the control, respectively. Both of the protein-bound polysaccharides also showed the secretion of nitric oxide in RAW 264.7 cell lines to 3.5-and 3.7-fold of that of the control, respectively: GL-A activated components of the alternative complement pathway, whereas GL-B did not. In humoral immunity GL-A increased the activity of alkaline phosphatase in differentiated B cells to 3 times and GL-B to 4 times of that of the control. These results showed that the artificial digestive juices had no influence on the antitumor activity of the protein-bound polysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum and that its immunomodulating activity retained after treatment with artificial digestive juice. And this provides a basis of the protein-bound polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum as an peroral anticancer drug.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.414-419
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• 1987

gel형성 다당류 생산균주인 Pseudomonas elodea ATTC 31461의 배양조건을 검토하기 위하여 탄소원, 질소원, 온도, pH의 영향을 조사한 결과 적당한 온도는 $30^{\circ}C$, pH는 6.5이고, 배지조성은 포도당 25g/L, peptone 12.38g/L, $K_2HP04$ 0.5g/L, MgSO4.7H20 0.1g/L이 적합하였으며 이때 다당류의 생성량은 32g/L이었다. 생산다당류의 1% 용액은 점도가 837mPas, 점조성지수는 2570mPas, 유동지수는 0.66이다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.908-916
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• 2000

This study was undertaken to purify the anticoagulant polysaccharide from Pachymeniopsis elliptica. The anticoagulant compound (PE-2IVc-2-1) was isolated from the crude polysaccharide (PE-2) by the sequential steps such as ultrafiltration (PE-2IV), anion-exchange chromatography of DEAE-Toyopearl 650C(PE-2IVc), size-exclusion chromatography of Sepharose CL-6B (PE-2IVc), and HPLC Shodex OHpak column chromatography (PE-2IVc-2-1). The apparent molecular weight of purified polysaccharide (PE-2IVc-2-1) was approximately 710 kDa. It was mainly composed of galactose (48.6%) and 3,6-anhydrogalactose (44.0%) with 27.1% of sulfate residue, in addition a trace amount of xylose (3.6%), glucose (1.1%), mannose (1.1%), arabinose (0.8%) and fucose (0.8%). The IR spectrum of the polysaccharide showed the characteristic bands of S=O(1116.74 and 1143.17 $cm^{-1}$) and C-O-S (828.19 $cm^{-1}$) stretching, respectively. The anticoagulant effect of PE-2 in ex vivo was proportional to the concentration of intravenously injected dose, up to 100 mg/kg.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for non-saponin contents that can be used to index fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivated in the Republic of Korea and China. Non-saponin components in fresh gingeng roots which were cultivated in various areas and ages in Korea were determined. Acidic polysaccharide, total polysaccharide, crude polyacetylene were quantitatively analyzed by using the method of spectrophotometric determination, while the total protein was analyzed by using Lowry method. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences for the average contents of four non-saponins among 4-years-old, 5-years-old, and 6-years-old fresh ginseng roots. Additionally, this study assessed the average contents of non-saponin components in 4-years-old fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) which were cultivated in Korea and China. The result showed that the average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide were statistically significant. Four-years-old fresh ginseng roots cultivated in Korea had the higher average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide than those cultivated in China. However the average contents of total polysaccharide and total protein had no statistically significant difference.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제3권
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• pp.25-48
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• 1962

tragacanth gum의 화학구조(化學構造)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)하여 미국(美國) 약전(藥典)의 tragacanth gum 분말(粉末)을 가지고 다음의 실험(實驗)을 통(通)하여 이의 성분(成分)의 하나인 polysaccharide C를 분리(分離)하여 이의 화학구조(化學構造)를 밝혔다. (1) tragacanth gum을 85% 주정(酒精)으로 처리(處理)해서 중성다당류(中性多糖類)로 polysaccharide C를 분리(分離)하였으며 구성당(構成糖)으로 L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose 및 D-galactose를 paper chromatography와 Cellulose column chromatography로 분리(分離), 동정(同定)하였다. 이의 molar ratio는 2:1:17:9이며 비선광도(比旋光度)는 $[{\alpha}]^{30}_D-72.2이다. (2) 구성당(構成糖)의 결합위치(結合位置)를 구명(究明)하기 위(爲)해 Hawarth 법(法)과 Purdietldir(試藥)을 가지고 methyl화(化)시켜 methyl화(化) polysaccharide C를 얻었으며 비선광도(比旋光度) $[{\alpha}]^{22}_D-102를 보였다. 이것을 가수분해(加水分解)시켜 paper chromatography와 column chromatography를 통(通)해 methyl화단당(化單糖)으로 1,3,5-tri-O-methyl-L-arabofuranose, 3,4-di-O-methyl-L-rhamnose, 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-xylose, 2,3,4-tri-O-methyl-D-galactopyranose, 2,4-di-O-methyl-L-arabopyronose, 2,4-di-O-methyl-D-galactose, 2-O-methyl-L-arabinose 및 L-arabinose를 분리(分離), 동정(同定)하였다. (3) 산(酸)의 각종농도(各種濃度)에 따른 부분적(部分的) 가수분해(加水分解)를 시켜 polysaccharide C의 end group, 측지(側枝) 또는 주쇄(主鎖)를 이루는 구성당(構成糖)을 밝히기 위(爲)하여 0.05 N-HCl로 제1차(第一次) 가수분해(加水分解). 0.1N-HCl로 제2차(第二次) 가수분해(加水分解), 0.3N-HCl로 제3차(第三次) 가수분해(加水分解)를 하여 가수분해물(加水分解物)과 비가수분해물(非加水分解物)에서 각각(各各) 다음과 같은 구성단당(構成單糖)을 검출(檢出)하고 이들의 molar ratio를 측정(測定)하였다. 제1차(第一次) 가수분해물(加水分解物)(A)에서 L-arbinose, 비가수분해물(非加水分解物)(A')에서 L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose 및 D-galactose; 제2차(第二次) 가수분해물(加水分解物)(B)에서 L-arabinose와 D-galactose, 비가수분해물(非加水分解物)(B')에서 L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose, 및 D-galactose; 제3차(第三次) 가수분해물(加水分解物)(C)에서 L-rhamnose, D-xylose, L-arabinose 및 D-galactose, 비가수분해물(非加水分解物)(C')에서 D-xylose와 D-galactose를 검출(檢出)하였다. (4) 구성당(構成糖)의 형태(形態)와 구조(構造)를 밝히기 위(爲)해 polysaccharide C에 대한 periodate산화(酸化) 실험(實驗)을 하여 $C_5H_8O_4$당(當) periodate의 소비(消費)와 formic acid의 생성량(生成量)을 측정(測定)하였는데 periodate의 소비량(消費量)은 1.23 mole, formic acid의 생성량(生成量)은 0.78 mole이다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

본 연구는 해조 다당류 추출물을 화장품 원료로 사용할 수 있는지 평가하고자 하였다. 항균 효과를 평가하기 위해 해조 다당류 추출물로 부터 Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 균주에 대한 항균활성을 측정하였다. 또한, RAW 264.7 세포에서 항염증 효과가 확인되었으며, 해조 다당류 추출물을 Sprague-Dawley (SD) 흰쥐의 등쪽 피부에 적용하여 단회투여독성을 평가하였다. 그 결과, 해조 다당류 추출물은 피부섬유 아세포에서 최대 $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았다. 또한, 1 % 해조 다당류 추출물로 처리되었을 때, $1.52{\pm}0.34cm$로 생육저해환이 형성되어 S. aureus 균주에 대한 항균 활성을 확인하였다. 해조 다당류 추출물을 RAW 264.7 세포에 처리하면 농도 의존적으로 산화 질소 (NO)의 생성이 감소하고 인터루킨 1 베타 ($IL1{\beta}$), 종양 괴사 인자 알파 ($TNF{\alpha}$)와 같은 염증 관련 사이토카인의 생성이 증가하였으며, 프로스타글란딘 E2 (PGE2)가 감소 하였다. 해조 다당류 추출물을 여러 농도로 흰쥐에 투여했을 때 증상은 14 일 이상 변하지 않았으며 췌장이나 장기 무게에는 변화가 없었다. 결론적으로 우리는 해조 다당류 추출물이 세포 독성을 나타내지 않았으며 항균 및 항염증 효과가 있음을 발견하였다. 따라서, 화장품 원료로 사용하기에 적합하다고 사료된다.