• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.32-32
• /
• 1981

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.36.1-36.9
• /
• 2020

Background: Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV) and has been recognized as a critical disease affecting the pig industry and a wide range of animals around the world, resulting in great economic losses each year. Shandong province, one of the most vital food animal-breeding regions in China, has a very dense pig population, within which pseudorabies infections were detected in recent years. The data, however, on PRV epidemiology and coinfection rates of PRV with other major swine diseases is sparse. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the PRV epidemiology in Shandong and analyze the current control measures. Methods: In this study, a total number of 16,457 serum samples and 1,638 tissue samples, which were collected from 362 intensive pig farms (≥ 300 sows/farm) covered all cities in Shandong, were tested by performing enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Overall, 52.7% and 91.5% of the serum samples were positive for PRV-gE and -gB, respectively, based on ELISA results. In addition, 15.7% of the tissue samples were PCR positive for PRV. The coinfection rates of PRV with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus, and classical swine fever virus were measured; coinfection with PCV2 was 35.0%, higher than those of the other two viruses. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions were observed in various tissues during histopathological examination. Conclusions: The results demonstrate the PRV prevalence and its coinfection rates in Shandong province and indicate that pseudorabies is endemic in pig farms in this region. This study provides epidemiological data that can be useful in the prevention and control of pseudorabies in Shandong, China.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.23 no.1
• /
• pp.147-153
• /
• 2011

The Pseudorabies (PR), also called Aujeszky's disease (AD), is an infectious viral disease caused by an alpha herpes virus and has domestic and wild pigs, as well as a wide range of domestic and wild animals, as the natural host. Pseudorabies virus (PRV) virions contain several envelope glycoproteins. Among them, gB, gC and gD are regarded as the major immunogenic proteins. We expressed these glycoproteins using the bacterial expression system and analyzed recombinant proteins. Expression of glycoproteins gC and gD were observed on SDS-PAGE or Western blot analysis, but gB was not. Optimal concentration of IPTG and inducing time were determined as 1.0 mM and 4 h, respectively, for the expression of both gC and gD in E. coli. A sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was the most efficient detergent in solubilizing insoluble recombinant protein.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.311-318
• /
• 1991

The DNA fragment representing for Pseudorabies gp50 and gp60(Shope) was cloned by recombinant techniques. The viral DNA was extracted from the infected cells and digested with Bam HI. The 6.8 Kb of Bam HI fragment was isolated from agarose gel and further digested with Nde I followed by Klenow treatment. The blunt ended 4.9Kb fragment was cloned into pTZ18R plasmid vector. The upstream region of gp50 was further manipulated to remove its 5' promoter region and create EcoRl site for possible eukaryotic expression system. The result of partial sequencing of cloned DNA indicated that Shope strain showed 95% homology with gp50 of Rice strain.

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.151-162
• /
• 1996

Pseudorabies is caused by Pseudorabies virus (PRV: Aujeszky's disease virus) of Herpesviridae that is characterized by 100 to 150nm in size with a linear double-stranded DNA molecule with of approximately $90{\times}10^6Da$. This disease affects most of domestic animals such as swine, cattle, dog, sheep, cat, chicken, etc. causing high mortality and economic losses. In swine, young piglets show high mortality and pregnant sows, reproductive failures. However the adult swine reveals no clinical signs in general. But they become a carrier state and play an important role for propagation of the disease. In this study, the nucleotide sequence of major casid protein gene of PRV, Yangsan strain isolated from the diseased swine in Korea was analyzed, and the recombinant MCP was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. As result, in BamHI digestion, MCP gene locus of PRV YS strain showed different from that of Indiana S strain. The patterns of enzyme mapping were also found to be unidentical each other. The sequence of the MCP gene partially analyzed showed 98.09% identity to Indiana S strain. The expression of MCP in Sf-9 cell cotransfected by pVLMCP-44 baculovirus expression vector was characterized by Southern blot hybridization, immunofluoresent and immunocytochemical tests, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. The rMCP with M.W. 142kDa was most effectively expressed in Sf-9 cells at the 3-4th days post inoculation of the recombinant baculovirus by 2 moi.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.23.1-23.10
• /
• 2021

Background: Pseudorabies (PR), caused by the pseudorabies virus (PRV), is an endemic disease in some regions of China. Although there are many reports on epidemiological investigations into pseudorabies, information on PRV gI antibody dynamics in one pig farm is sparse. Objectives: To diagnose PR and analyze the course of PR eradication in one pig farm. Methods: Ten brains and 1,513 serum samples from different groups of pigs in a pig farm were collected to detect PRV gE gene and PRV gI antibody presence using real-time polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, respectively. Results: The July 2015 results indicated that almost all brain samples were PRV gE gene positive, but PRV gI antibody results in the serum samples of the same piglets were all negative. In the boar herd, from October 2015 to July 2018 three positive individuals were culled in October 2015, and the negative status of the remaining boars was maintained in the following tests. In the sow herd, the PRV gI antibody positive rate was always more than 70% from October 2015 to October 2017; however, it decreased to 27% in January 2018 but increased to 40% and 52% in April and July 2018, respectively. The PRV gI antibody positive rate in 100-day pigs markedly decreased in October 2016 and was maintained at less than 30% in the following tests. For 150-day pigs, the PRV gI antibody positive rate decreased notably to 10% in April 2017 and maintained a negative status from July 2017. The positive trend of PRV gI antibody with an increase in pig age remarkably decreased in three tests in 2018. Conclusions: The results indicate that serological testing is not sensitive in the early stage of a PRV infection and that gilt introduction is a risk factor for a PRV-negative pig farm. The data on PRV gI antibody dynamics can provide reference information for pig farms wanting to eradicate PR.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
• /
• v.22 no.5
• /
• pp.294-298
• /
• 1986

In pigs inoculated with Pseudorabies virus, clinical, anatomical and histopathological findings were observed. Nervous sings, high fever and collapse were main clinical symptoms. Anatomical findings were not prominent except swollen lymph nodes with hemor

• The Journal of Korean Society of Virology
• /
• v.26 no.2
• /
• pp.163-171
• /
• 1996

The recombinant pseudorabies virus major capsid protein (rMCP) was produced by expression of the MCP gene in Sf-9 cell using baculovirus transfer vector system. Following evaluation of the immunochemical properties of the rMCP, the immunogenicity of the recombinant subunit protiens were investigated in guinea pig and swine to obtain the preliminary guide line for the subunit vaccine using rMCP and gP50. It was proved that ultrasonication and 30% ammonium sulfate was most efficient to concentrate and purify the protein. The rMCP was safe in mice, guinea pigs and piglets. In guinea pigs, rMCP mixed with various adjuvants induced substantial degree of serum neutralizing antibody titers, but revealed incomplete protectivity against challenge. In swine, the combination of rMCP and gP50 showed the higher serum neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses than rMCP alone. However, the protectivity was lower in comparison with the commercial gI-deleted inactivated vaccine. We expect these results to contribute to characterization of MCP gene of Korean isolate of PRV and to ultilize as preliminary information for prodution and evaluation of PRV recombinant subunit vaccines.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• v.18 no.3
• /
• pp.143-153
• /
• 2001

Objective : To investigate the relation to the organs, shu points and mu points. The labeled common locations of the spinal cord and brain were observed following injection of pseudorabies virus(PRV) into the the kidney, UB23 and GB25. Methods : After survival times of 96 hours following injection of PRV, The fifteen rats were perfused, and their spinal cord and brain were frozen sectioned($30{\mu}m$). These sections were stained by PRV immunohistochemical staining method, and observed with light microscope. Results : In spinal cord, PRV labeled neurons projecting to the kidney, BL23 and GB25 were founded in cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal segments. Dense labeled areas of cervical segments were overlap in lateral cervical n. and lamina III-V area. Thoracic segments were overlap in lateral spinal n., intermediolateral n. and lamina V-X areas. Lumbar segments were overlap in lamina I-V areas. Sacral segments were overlap in lamina IV, V and X areas. In brain, PRV labeled areas projecting to the kidney, UB23 and GB25 were overlap in the A1 noradrenalin cells/C1 adrenalin cells/caudoventrolateral reticular n./rostroventrolaterai n., raphe obscurus n,, raphe pallidus n., raphe magnus n., gigantocellular reticular n., locus coeruleus, subcoeruleus n., A5 cell group and paraventricular hypothalamic n.. Conclusions : This results suggest that PRV labeled overlap areas of projecting to the kidney may be correlated to shu and mu points related to the kidney. These morphological results provide that organs-shu(transport) and mu(alarm) points interrelationship may be related to the central autonomic pathways.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.37 no.3
• /
• pp.479-487
• /
• 1997

The present study was carried out to localize the central nuclei innervating the rat colon using pseudorabies virus-Bartha strain which has been known as a very useful neurotracer. The results were as follows. The central nuclei innervating the proximal colon were premotor area, subfornical organ, preoptic area in telencephalon, and paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, retrochiasmatic area in the diencephalon, and periaqueductal gray, Edinger-Westphal nucleus, tegmental nucleus in the mesencephalon, and parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, A5 area, $K{\ddot{o}}lliker$-Fuse nucleus, magnocellular reticular nucleus in the metencephalon, and nucleus tractus solitarius, A1 noradrenergic cell group, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus ambiguus, area postrema in the myelencephalon. In the spinal cord, the thoracic division had some nuclei innervating the proximal colon. The nuclei innervating the distal colon were paraventricular nucleus of the diencephalon, Edinger-Westphal nucleus of midbrain, and parabrachial nucleus, locus ceruleus, A5 area, $K{\ddot{o}}lliker$-Fuse nucleus, magnocellular reticular nucleus of the metencephalon, and nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve, nucleus ambiguus, area postrema in the myelencephalon. In the spinal cord, thoracic, lumbar and sacral division innervated the distal colon.