• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1997 no.11
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• pp.164-167
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• 1997

The treatment setup of patients during irradiation is an important aspect in relation to the success of radiotherapy. Imaging with the treatment beam is a widely used method or verification of the radiation field position relative to the target area, prior to or during irradiation. In this paper, Real time digital radiography system was implemented or verification of local error between simulation plan and radiation therapy machine. Portal image can be acquired by CCD camera, image board and pentium PC after therapy Radiation was converted into light by a metal/fluorescent Screen. The resulting image quality is comparable to film, so the imaging system represents a promising alternative to film as a method of verifying patient positioning in radiotherapy. Edge detection and field size measurement were also implemented and detected automatically for verification of treatment position. Field edge was added to the original image or checking the anatomical treatment verification by therapy technicians. By means of therapy efficiency improvement and decrease of Radiation side effects with these techniques, Exact Radiation treatments are expected.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.116-124
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• 2014

Purpose: To investigate the frequency and clinical significance of detected incidental lung nodules found on computed tomography (CT) simulation images for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) using computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) and a physician review. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven treatment-$na{\ddot{i}}ve$ HCC patients treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization and radiotherapy (RT) were included for the study. Portal phase of simulation CT images was used for CAD analysis and a physician review for lung nodule detection. For automated nodule detection, a commercially available CAD system was used. To assess the performance of lung nodule detection for lung metastasis, the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated. Results: Forty-six patients had incidental nodules detected by CAD with a total of 109 nodules. Only 20 (18.3%) nodules were considered to be significant nodules by a physician review. The number of significant nodules detected by both of CAD or a physician review was 24 in 9 patients. Lung metastases developed in 11 of 46 patients who had any type of nodule. The sensitivities were 58.3% and 100% based on patient number and on the number of nodules, respectively. The NPVs were 91.4% and 100%, respectively. And the PPVs were 77.8% and 91.7%, respectively. Conclusion: Incidental detection of metastatic nodules was not an uncommon event. From our study, CAD could be applied to CT simulation images allowing for an increase in detection of metastatic nodules.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.1569-1574
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• 2011

In this study, the identification of the irradiated seafood cooking drips from Hizikia fusiformis, Enteroctopus dofleini and Thunnus thynnus was conducted. The physical detection methods used included photo-stimulated luminescence (PSL) and thermoluminescence (TL), and the chemical detection methods were hydrocarbons analysis. In the PSL study, all seafood cooking drip samples showed 260~510 photon counts; thus, the PSL method could not be used for the detection of irradiated seafood cooking drips. The TL method could be used for the detection of irradiated H. fusiformis and E. dofleini cooking drips. In both cooking drips, the shapes of the glow curves indicated a specific peak at 150$^{\circ}C$~250$^{\circ}C$, which made it possible to identify the irradiated samples. The hydrocarbons derived by gamma irradiation of T. thynnus cooking drip were not detected due to low concentration and inconsistent content of fatty acids in the untreated T. thynnus cooking drip.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.317-323
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• 2004

Photostimulated Luminescence (PSL), Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) and Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis were conducted to detect irradiation treatment of imported whole and ground spices. The screening by PSL detected no irradiation treatment, except un the ground thyme and bay leaves which exhibited photon counts in the intermediate level. Irradiation of the two spices was detected after irradiating them at 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 10.0 kGy, and then subjecting them to PSL analysis, which resulted in the significantly low photons of non-irradiated spices compared to that at 1.0 kGy, indicating that the photon counts varied depending on the amount of inorganic mineral debris in the spices. To confirm a successful detection by using PSL, ESR and TL methods, some spices were selected, irradiated at 5.0 and 10.0 kGy, and subjected to the detection methods. PSL identified the irradiated spices except the cassia, which showed very weak PSL sensitivity, but was identified by ESR analysis. Also, the ESR and TL exhibited the typical signals induced by irradiation treatment and were able to successfully detect all of the irradiated spices. In addition, we found a positive correlation between the intensity of ESR and TL signals and irradiation doses.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.87-90
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• 1998

Malignant melanoma of the oral cavity is rare, accounting for 1 to $8\%$ of all malignant melanomas. The overall prognosis remains poor despite the available treatments such as radical surgery, adjuvant radiotherapy, chemotherapy and immunotherapy due to failure in early detection and tendency in early metastasis. The etiology of mucosal malignant melanoma remains unkown. However, there are few cases of malignant melanoma of the oral cavity reported in the literature, which might be related to preexisting melanosis and radiation treatment. A case with malignant melanoma developed on the same site after 6 years following irradiation for squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity is reported in this article.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.150-158
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• 2014

Radiation-related practitioners and radiation-treated patients at medical institutions are inevitably exposed to radiation for diagnosis and treatment. Although standards for maximum doses are recommended by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICPR) and the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), more direct and available measurement and analytical methods are necessary for optimal exposure management for potential exposure subjects such as practitioners and patients. Thus, in this study we developed a system for real-time radiation monitoring at a distance that works with existing portable device. The monitoring system comprises three parts for detection, imaging, and transmission. For miniaturization of the detection part, a scintillation detector was designed based on a silicon photomultiplier (SiPM). The imaging part uses a wireless charge-coupled device (CCD) camera module along with the detection part to transmit a radiation image and measured data through the transmission part using a Bluetooth-enabled portable device. To evaluate the performance of the developed system, diagnostic X-ray generators and sources of $^{137}Cs$, $^{22}Na$, $^{60}Co$, $^{204}Tl$, and $^{90}Sr$ were used. We checked the results for reactivity to gamma, beta, and X-ray radiation and determined that the error range in the response linearity is less than 3% with regard to radiation strength and in the detection accuracy evaluation with regard to measured distance using MCNPX Code. We hope that the results of this study will contribute to cost savings for radiation detection system configuration and to individual exposure management.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.205-210
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• 2016

This study was conducted to evaluate the combined effect of gamma irradiation and different conditions (vacuum packaging, antioxidant and freezing) on the microbiological and sensory characteristics of freeze dried Manila clam porridge (MCP) for immuno-compromised patient food. MCP can be sterilized at 1 kGy to 10 kGy. The initial counts of total aerobic bacteria and yeast molds in the non-irradiated MCP were $2.4{\pm}0.5$ and $1.2{\pm}0.3{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$, respectively, but gamma irradiation significantly decreased the total aerobic bacteria to below the detection limit ($1{\log}\;CFU\;g^{-1}$) (5 kGy). Moreover, gamma irradiation effectively eliminated yeasts/molds at dose below than 1 kGy. However, gamma irradiation accelerated the increase of lipid oxidation and therefore, decreased the sensory characteristics of MCP as irradiation dose increased. To improve the sensory qualities of gamma irradiated MCP, combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) were applied. There was no significant difference in the overall acceptance scores between the combined-treatment sample (5.6 points) and the non-irradiated samples (6.0). The results indicate that combination treatment (vacuum packaging, 0.1% vitamin C) may help to maintain the quality of MCP. Therefore, it considered that irradiation of MCP with combined treatment and this is an effective method for the consumption as a special purpose food such as for space travel or immuno-compromised patients.

• Korean Journal of Digital Imaging in Medicine
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2011

As applications of radiation grow wider from use in the early detection of lesions and preventive diagnosis purposes to the treatment of diseases, the possibilities for patients and working professionals to be exposed to radiation are becoming greater than ever. This can not only directly bring about an increase in patient's individual radiation exposure, but also brings about an increase in the annual radiation dose of working professionals. Therefore, research and countermeasures to reduce radiation dosage are required. In this study, space dosimetry has been divided into two separate measuments with an understanding of the increasing number of angiography procedures: front perspective and side perspective. According to the results of the isodose curve, a way to minimize radiation exposure in working professionals has been suggested. This was made possible by workers through awareness of suitable working positions.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.3095-3099
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• 2016

Background: Cervical cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women in India. Understanding quality of life (QOL) in women undergoing chemo-radiotherapy for cervical cancer will help in introducing interventions for better care and outcomes in these women. This study assessed QOL before and after chemo-radiotherapy in cervical cancer patients. Materials and Methods: This follow-up study covered sixty-seven newly diagnosed women with advanced cervical cancer (stages 2b to 4b). Structured questionnaires (the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, EORTC QLQ-C30 and EORTC QLQ-CX24) were used to assess the change in QOL after 6 months of treatment. Results: The mean age of women at the time of detection of cervical cancer was $52.3{\pm}11.29$ years (Range 30-75 years). Six months survival was 92.53%. The mean global health score of cervical cancer patients after six months of treatment was 59.52, which was significantly higher than the pre-treatment score of 50.15 (p=0.00007). Physical, cognitive and emotional functioning improved significantly (p<0.05) after treatment. Fatigue, pain, insomnia and appetite loss improved but episodes of diarrhea increased after treatment. The mean "symptoms score" using EORTC QLQ-CX24 post treatment was 20.0 which was significantly lower as compared to the pre- treatment score 30.0 (p<0.00001). Sexual enjoyment and sexual functioning decreased significantly after treatment. Conclusions: QOL of newly diagnosed cervical cancer patients improved significantly following chemo-radio therapy. Enhancement was also demonstrated on three of the five functional scales of EORTC QLQ-C30. To further improve QOL, interventions focusing on social and psychological support and physical rehabilitation may be needed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.111-123
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• 2020

Deep learning (DL) is a subset of machine learning and artificial intelligence that has a deep neural network with a structure similar to the human neural system and has been trained using big data. DL narrows the gap between data acquisition and meaningful interpretation without explicit programming. It has so far outperformed most classification and regression methods and can automatically learn data representations for specific tasks. The application areas of DL in radiation oncology include classification, semantic segmentation, object detection, image translation and generation, and image captioning. This article tries to understand what is the potential role of DL and what can be more achieved by utilizing it in radiation oncology. With the advances in DL, various studies contributing to the development of radiation oncology were investigated comprehensively. In this article, the radiation treatment process was divided into six consecutive stages as follows: patient assessment, simulation, target and organs-at-risk segmentation, treatment planning, quality assurance, and beam delivery in terms of workflow. Studies using DL were classified and organized according to each radiation treatment process. State-of-the-art studies were identified, and the clinical utilities of those researches were examined. The DL model could provide faster and more accurate solutions to problems faced by oncologists. While the effect of a data-driven approach on improving the quality of care for cancer patients is evidently clear, implementing these methods will require cultural changes at both the professional and institutional levels. We believe this paper will serve as a guide for both clinicians and medical physicists on issues that need to be addressed in time.