• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

Regulation of invertase biosynthesis was studied with alkalophilic and thermophilic Bacillus cereus TA-11. Biosynthesis of invertase in Bacillus cereus TA-11 was effectively induced in the presence of 10 mM of sucrose for 180 min and 25 mM of raffinose for 90 min, respectively. Glucose repressed the invertase induction by sucrose and as late addition time of glucose, invertase formation was increased, indicating that glucose repression was occurred by inducer exclusion. Catabolite repression was not reduced by the addition of cAMP for 180 min of induction.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 1984

Kluyveromyces marxinus LG contains an inulase activity which is inducible by growth on inulin. The highest enzyme activity obtained at the initial stage of stationary phase of growth curve. The partially purified inulase hydrolyzed inulin, sucrose and raffinose. This enzyme showed the maximal activity at pH 4.0 and temperature of $55^{\circ}C$ for inulin and sucrose. It was also markedly inhibited by $Hg^{++}\;and\;Ag^{+}$ but not EDTA. This inulase was charaterized as a undo type which contains invertase activity and Km values for inulin and sucrose were $1.2{\times}10^{-2}M\;and\;1.3{\times}10^{-4}M$, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-9
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• 1972

The experiment was conducted to investigate the physiological characteristics on 16 Isolates of bacterial wilt pathogen, pseudomonas solanacearum E.F. Smith, those obtained from infected stems of tomatoes, hot-Peppers and eggplants. PSA and Sucrose medium favoured by the most of the isolates, and various degree of gelatin liquefaction occurred by each of nine isolates those alble to liquefy gelatin among 16 isolates tested. The most of the isolates except one, did not reduce methylen blue. All isolates did not utilize lactose, saccharose, and starch, although all isolates utilize the galactose. The utilization of dextrin, esculin, glucose, mannitol, raffinose and salicin was depended on each isolate.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

In this study, we examined in vitro antimicrobial activity of the hydrolysis compound (MBT-01108) of cactus stem (Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboten Makino) against 18 strains of fish pathogenic bacteria, Edwardsiella tarda, Listonella anguillarum, Vibrio sp., Lactococcus garvieae, L. raffinose, Streptococcus parauberis and S. iniae. Antibiotic susceptibility of the same bacteria was also assayed to commercial discs containing various antibacterials. According to these results, MBT-01108 showed the excellent antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogenic bacteria.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.102-109
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• 2007

Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius CNU27 possessed a high level of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity. Purified ${\alpha}$-galactosidase was obtained after sonication of harvested cell pellet followed by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 and Mono Q anion exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the purified enzyme was 8,994 units/mg protein which is 17.09 times higher than that in crude extract. The native enzyme was a monomer with a molecular mass of 56,397.1 dalton. The optimum temperature and pH for the enzyme were $40^{\circ}C$ and 6.0, respectively. The enzyme was stable between 25 and $50^{\circ}C$. However, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity was lost rapidly below pH 4.5 and above pH 8.5. The enzyme activity decreased to 6.73% and 4.30% of the original activity by addition of $Cu^{2+}$ and $Hg^{2+}$, respectively. Other metal compounds did not affect the enzyme activity significantly. The enzyme liberated galactose from melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose. The rate of substrates hydrolysis was measured by HPLC. Raffinose, stachyose and melibiose were completely decomposed after 24 hr at $40^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1994

Clotridium bovis sp. nov, is described on the basis of 5 strains isolated from the feces of Holstein cattle. The isolate are gram-positive, motile, strict anaerobic spore forming rods. They differ from all the validly described related species of the genus Clostridium in carbohydrate fermentation pattern, G+C mol% and DNA homologies. Acid is produced from arabinose, xylose, glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, lactose, trehalose, melibiose, raffinose, inulin and salicin. Major end products in PYFG broth are large amounts of butyric acid and lactic acid, and trace amounts of acetic and succinic acids. The G+C mol% of DNA from the type strain is 26 mol%. The type strain of Clostridium bovis is Catt $66^T$ strain.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.427-433
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• 1987

One hundred and thirty-six strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated from clinical specimen taken from pediatric patiants at 6 different hospitals and identified, characterized and investigated on the patterns of antibiotic resistance. The 136 strains showed the positive reactions in the 17 tests; Voges-Proskauer, ONPG, cirate utilization, KCN degradation, productions of lysine decarboxylase, acid and gas from glucose, utilizations of malonate, manitol, rhamnose, salicin, sucrose, raffinose, arabinose, lactose, sucrose, inositol and raffinose, but the strains showed the negative reactions in the 8 tests; production of $H_2S$, indole, arginine dehydrolase, ornithine decaraoxylase, phenylalanine deaminase, motility, methly red and gelatin liquefaction. 41 did not utilize dulcitol, and 32 did not utilize adonitol. The 36 out of them produced klebecin. The 136 strains were resistant to ampicillin, 2 to gentamicin, 14 to cephalothin, 16 to chloramphenicol, 8 to kanamycin, 13 to streptomycin, and 17 to tetracycline. Twenty strains were resistant to 2 kinds of antibiotics 5 strains to 3, 4 to 4 and 1 to 6 and 7.

• Korean Journal of Animal Reproduction
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-148
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• 1989

The effects of seeding method and optimum time for freezing embryos according to the developmental stages on embryo survival rates after rapid freezing were determined using the FDA-test. The summarized results are as follows : 1. In the rapid freezing of embryos, the sucrose added medium together with Co-seeding or non-seeding showed the FDA scores of 4.67 and 4.20, respectively, but, raffinose addition obtained FDA scores of 4.27 and 3.97. 2. The developmental stage of embryos at freezing was most critical on the survival of embryos after thawing. Higher FDA scores were obtained in the order of blastocyst stage(4.94), morula stage(3.82) and ealy stage(2.65) in sucrose added medium. The same trend was observed in the raffinose added medium with an order or 4.91, 4.47 and 2.32. 3. Microscopic study of embryo before freezing and post-thawing indicated that the embryo showed shrinkage within 5 minutes after the embryo was transfer to the freezing medium. When thawed embryo was tranfered to the dilution medium, swelling of the embryo was observed and there after it reshrank indicating the removal of cryoprotectant from the embryo. The size of the embryo recovered to the original state when it was moved into a PBS-solution.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.84-90
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• 1999

In order to analyze the changes in the contents of Rehmanniae Radix during processing, the constituents of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata, such as catalpol, 5-HMF and the carbohydrates, were analyzed, The results were: 1. The catalpoI contents of Rehmanniae Radix Preparata remarkably decreased during the 1-4th steps in the processing, and the concentrations of 5-9th Rehmanniae Radix Preparatas were very low. 2. The contents of 5-HMF increased gradually with each additional processing. and the increasing rate in oven-dried Rehmanniae Radix Preparata was greater by about 2-folds than that of sun-dried. 3. Rehmanniae Radix contained a lot of sugars. such as rhamnose, raffinose and stachyose. In the course of the process for sun-dried or oven-dried Rehmanniae Radix Preparata., rhamnose disappeared during the 1-2nd step, but raffinose and stachyose stayed the same. 4. The level of fructose, developed at the first processing step, stayed the same during each additional processing for sun-dried Rehmanniae Radix Preparata. But, the level gradually decreased after the 6th processing step for oven-dried Rehmanniae Radix Preparata.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1347-1353
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• 2018

The fermentation of non-digestible soy meal can convert polysaccharides into many compounds that have a wide variety of biological functions. Bacillus strains are capable of hydrolyzing non-digestible saccharides, such as melibiose, raffinose, and stachyose, found in soy meal components. A highly active ${\alpha}$-galactosidase (${\alpha}$-d-galactoside galactohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.22) was isolated from a bacterium in a traditional Korean fermented medicinal herb preparation. The isolate, T2-16, was identified as Bacillus coagulans based on its 16S rRNA sequence and biochemical properties, and the strain was named Bacillus coagulans NRR-1207. When incubated in 10%(w/v) skim milk, Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 caused a decrease in the pH of the culture medium, as well as an increase in titratable acidity and viable cell counts. This strain also showed higher activities of ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, naphthol-AS-BO-phosphohydrolase, and acid phosphatase when compared to other enzymes. It hydrolyzed oligomeric substrates, such as raffinose and stachyose, and liberated galactose, indicating that the Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 ${\alpha}$-galactosidase hydrolyzed the ${\alpha}$-1,6 glycoside linkage. These results suggest that the decreased stachyose and raffinose contents observed in fermented soy meal are due to this ${\alpha}$-galactosidase activity. Bacillus coagulans NRR1207 therefore has potential probiotic activity and could be utilized in feed manufacturing, as well as for hydrolyzing non-digestible soy meal components.