• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.247-255
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• 2017

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of various leaf powders on chocolate by analyzing quality characteristics, antioxidant activities, and sensory characteristics. Methods: Pine needles, mulberry leaves, ramie leaves, barley leaves, and squash leaves were freeze-dried, powdered, and added to the chocolate. Results: Water contents of all leaf powder-added groups were significantly higher than that of the control (15.78%). The pH values of chocolate with leaf powder were lower than that of the control (6.33) while that of mulberry leaf chocolate (6.56) was higher than that of the control. In color measurement, L-value, a-value, and b-value were highest in pine needle chocolate (30.31, 3.52, and 4.78, respectively). The ${\Delta}E$ value (total color difference compared to white board) was the highest in squash leaf chocolate (69.51) and significantly different from that of the control (67.69). The hardness of leaf powder-added chocolate was lower than that of the control (6.84 N), except for pine needles. In the antioxidant activity analysis, chocolate with pine needles and squash leaves had higher polyphenols, flavonoids, and ABTS radical scavenging antioxidant activity than those of the control. Overall consumer acceptability was the most preferred in the control compared to the other groups. However, chocolate with mulberry and barley leaves also received high scores (5.60 and 5.40, respectively) for overall acceptability. Conclusion: It can be concluded that chocolate with barley leaves is desirable for making functional chocolate due to its high consumer preference and positive effects on improving antioxidant activities.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.213-218
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• 1993

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of plant growth regulators on the growth and fiber yield of ramie. Gibberellin (GA) and Atonic acid were applied at the various levels of application dates, application frequencies and concentration. Stem growth of ramie increased greatly by applying GA on the meristem of shoot apex. Among three treatments of application frequencies of GA, that is, one time application at the stage of stem length with 50cm, twice applications at the stem length of 50cm and 100cm, and three times applications at stem length of 50cm, 100cm and 150cm, stem growth increased more as application frequency increased. GA application is more effective on stem growth at the later stage of growth than the earlier growth stage. GA treatment of 100 to 300 ppm is more effective on stem elongation than 50 ppm, which was due on the elongation of internodes without increase in number of nodes. One time application of GA enhanced leaf growth more or less regardless of concentration, but GA was applied more frequently, leaf growth was inhibited more at higher concentration. Fiber yield was the highest at the treatment of three times application of GA with 100 ppm. This treatment also showed the highest percentage of fiber with 5.3%, which is much higher value compared with that of control treatment with 4.6%. Atonic acid was less effective on stem elongation than GA, but it also seemed to be effective on the enhancement of fiber development.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1999

The dyeing experiments were done by using tannin pigments and herbs for natural fabrics such as ramie, hemp and silk. The anti-bacterial ability and color fastness were examined for dyed fabrics. Dye materials containing tannin pigment such as oak tree leaf showed rich dyeing on ramie, hemp, and silk fabrics when the pH of dye solution is lower as well as the dyeing temperature is higher. In crimson dyeing, the colour of fabric showed red-purple when the crimson pigment was extracted at 40$^{\circ}C$, while yellow-red when extracted above 70$^{\circ}C$. The colour fastness of dye materials containing tannin pigment was excellent showing 3~4 grade or above, while most of those derived from chinese medicine showed poor colour fastness of below 3 grade. The anti-bacterial ability of dye materials derived from chinese medicine was high, since the sappan wood fabric showed low bacteria reduction rate.

• Composites Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.32-38
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• 2007

Natural fibers can refer to all types of fibres only produced by nature. Their lengths vary from particles to long strands. Natural fibers are categorized roughly by six types, depending on the types of sources; base, leaf, seed, grasses, fruit and wood. Of these fibers, jute, flax, sisal and ramie are the most commonly used as reinforced materials in preparing polymer composites. In development and improvement of these composites, many studies have been implemented to overcome the drawbacks such as incompatibility, moisture problems and so on. The range of industry sectors of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites becomes more extensive gradually and many of the companies all over the world are engaged in fabrications or applications. This paper mainly discussed the recent status of the domestic/overseas market and research issues of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites. We made an exception of wood-polymer composites market which have played a great role because they had been often dealt with.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.193-193
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• 2022

Cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) has a low fat and protein content and a relatively high starch content, so it is mainly used in various ways for song-pyeon sediment, rice-cake paste, and porridge. In Yeonggwang-gun, Jeollanam-do, cowpea for seed production is being cultivated for the localization of raw material for Rice cake with ramie leave. A cowpea variety 'Jang-Alchan' was improved from the cross between IT145373 and IT145391 at the JARES in 2019. 'Jang-alchan' has an erect plant with an intermediate plant habit, light purple-colored corolla, and heart-shaped leaflets. 'Jang-alchan' has an orange-yellow seed seed-surface of faint luster, and brown and straight pods when matured. The stem length of 'Jang-alchan' was 48cm, 9cm longer than that of the control cultivar 'Okdang' and the 100-seed weight was 14.1g. The weight ratio of the seed coat for the entire seed was 11.2%, which was 0.2%p lower than that of the control cultivar. Field resistance of 'Jang-alchan' to leaf and systemic diseases was similar to that of the control cultivar. Is field resistance of 'Jang-alchan' to lodging was slightly lower than that of the control cultivar. The average yield of 'Jang-alchan' was 1.85ton per hectare, which was 14% higher than that of the control cultivar 'Okdang', 'Jang-Alchan' does not require the installation of an espalier-net and is taller than the existing supplied 'Okdang', so it can be harvested by combine harvesting. In addition, it is expected to contribute to the localization of raw material grains for regional specialties as it can be cultivated over a large area.