• The Korean Journal of Ceramics
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.96-99
• /
• 2000

Particle size of the cement raw materials is important not only in clinker burning but also in cement productivity. Model experiment was designed to investigate the effect of compressive grinding on cement raw materials and clinker granule. Compressive grinding was more efficient in reducing hard materials like quartz. Regression model was constructed to explain the effect of compressive grinding on the size reduction of cement raw materials and clinker.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.33 no.6
• /
• pp.730-736
• /
• 2013

This study was to establish irradiation process for serving ginseng chicken porridge to immune-compromised patients. Raw chicken, glutinous rice, ginseng, garlic, dried jujube and carrot were used as raw materials for ginseng chicken porridge. The initial level of microorganisms contaminated in raw materials and their predominant species were determined. The level of microorganism detected in raw chicken and in ginseng were 3.4 Log CFU/g and 4.7 Log CFU/g, respectively. Major predominant microorganisms were Pseudomonas fragi in chicken, Enterobactor faecalis in carrot, and Bacillus subtilis in other materials. Chicken and carrot were excluded from irradiation treatment because ordinary thermal treatment can inactivate the microorganisms contaminated in those materials. Five kGy of gamma ray was the effective sterilizing dose required to inactivate B. subtilis in glutinous rice, garlic and jujube, and 10 kGy in ginseng. Ginseng chicken porridge was prepared with each of raw materials gamma-irradiated with the selected sterilizing doses. Control was ginseng chicken porridge prepared with non-irradiated materials. The growth of microorganisms was not observed in the chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials. Sensory results showed that the score of flavor and off-flavor was slightly lower in ginseng chicken porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials than in control. This was considered to be due to the increase of TBARS values by gamma irradiation. However, there was no significant difference on overall acceptance between the porridge prepared with irradiated raw materials and control. The results showed that the individual gamma irradiation of raw materials can be applied to prepare ginseng chicken porridge as meals for the immunocompromised patients.

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
• /
• 1990.04a
• /
• pp.100-110
• /
• 1990

An optimal raw mix model in stainless steel making is developed. The key raw materials in stainless steel making are stainless steel scrap, steel scrap, and alloy materials like Fe-Ni, Fe-Cr. Among those raw materials, the alloy metals are very expensive as well as rapidly price-changing items. Consequently, it is very important to develop an minimal cost raw mix scheme while the produced stainless steel satisfies the required specification in it's composition. The linear programming model is employed to determine the minimal cost raw mix scheme. Compared with the method being used, the developed linear programming model gives much faster and better solution (lower cost raw mix plan). Together with the linear programming model, the database is also developed, which includes the following: 1) data for raw materials, such as compositions, costs, densities, available inventory levels, and so on, 2) the required specifications process. The developed optimal raw mix model will be implemented in VAX computer.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.389-411
• /
• 1998

The consumption of bread as the principal food is increasing. The taste of bread depends on the components of raw materials. Though the knowledge about the raw materials of bread is important for the development of new products and the cost accounting, it is difficult to find the study on the role of raw materials in making bread. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to integrate the existing theoretical study on bread. Then, it will provide the basic knowledge on the raw materials in making bread in order to develop the technique of making bread.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.51-60
• /
• 2014

In this study, the domestic supply & demand of the raw materials of 35 rare metals was analyzed categorized as four types - ores, metals, compounds and scraps. Foreign trade volumes of the raw materials of rare metals have been steadily increased, furthermore, recently trade growth rate highly exceeds GDP. The raw materials of rare metals - silicon, nickel, molybdenum, manganese, etc. - for steel industry were the most big part of the raw materials of rare metals trade, while the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry were imported relatively small volumes less than $100 million. However systematic supply & demand management on the raw materials of rare metals for electronics industry is needed since recently growth rate per year has been remarkably high over 20%. Import volumes were about three times bigger than export scale, and most of the raw materials of rare metals were traded as a metal form.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.219-228
• /
• 1981

To clarify influences of silicious raw materials on mineralogcal and petrological properties in clinkering process clay, shale, quartzite, sand and coal ash have been used as silicious raw materials. The tests on thermal properties, reactivity and burnability of raw mixtures which have different silicious raw materials respectively have been made by means of X-ray diffractometry, differential thermal analysis, optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Limestone contains coarse crystalline grains which show 0.1-1.0mm and its decarbonation temperature is 86$0^{\circ}C$. Reaction temperatures among raw mixtures have been determined by X-ray diffractometry and their results are as follows; clay minerals under 1, 00$0^{\circ}C$, mica group, 100$0^{\circ}C$-110$0^{\circ}C$, feldspar group, 1, 10$0^{\circ}C$-1, 20$0^{\circ}C$ and quartz 1, 20$0^{\circ}C$-1, 30$0^{\circ}C$. Burnabilities of raw mixtures of different temperatures have been found that they mainly depend upon their mineral contents in silicious raw materials and their order is as follows; $clay\geq shale\gg quartzite \geq sand$.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.78-82
• /
• 2016

DB Integration website(tentatively named Food Processing Aptitude Information Center, FPAIC) has been designed through a "high-value products development project(2013)". Basically, the project aims to secure connections between food raw materials and processing industry, a variety of information sources, and users's convenience. It also aims to build the industry-university-based mutual growth in the food industry through sharing of processing suitability and material research on food raw materials. FPAIC consists of raw material story, information of sample characteristics, food processing study, preceding research data, food industry trends, and understanding of food processing. The major database of research on Food Processing is provided on information of sample characteristics, and food processing study. Currently the web site has 36 raw material stories, 380 information on sample characteristics and food processing studies, 1,600 preceding research data about 31 food raw materials. The web site also provides information on 70 useful web sites, as well as 77 food industry trends, 27 basic information about food processing.

• Cement Symposium
• /
• no.1
• /
• pp.56-63
• /
• 1973

In cement industry in which three or more raw materials are used, the proportioning of raw materials is an essential step. When the materials are proportioned, each should be as nearly homogeneous chemically and physically as conditions permit. Most of th

• Korea Trade Review
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.133-154
• /
• 2022

The Baltic Capesize Index (BCI), which is used as an indicator for marine transportation of steel raw materials, is one of the key economic indexes for managing the risk of loss due to rapid market fluctuations when steel companies establish business strategies and procuring plans for raw materials. Still, the conditions of supply and demand of steel raw materials has been extremely affected by volatility shocks from drastic events like the financial crisis such as the Lehman Brothers incident and changes in the external environment such as COVID-19. And, especially since the 2008 financial crisis, endeavors to predict the market conditions of the steel raw material is becoming more and more arduous for the deepening uncertainty and increased volatility of BCI, which has been used as a leading indicator of the real economy. This study investigates the correlation between the steel raw material market and the marine transportation market by estimating the spillover effect of information between markets. The vector error correction model (VECM) was used to analyze information transfer based on the correlation between the BCI and crude steel production, capesize fleet supply, raw material price, and cargo volume.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.181-186
• /
• 2010

Since it was developed by Joseph Aspdin, cement has been a common construction materials up to the present time. However, there are trace constituents in cement clinker. One of the trace constituents included in cement clinker, chromium, has become prominent and highly noticed lately as a social issue both inside and outside of this country because it affects the human body negatively. The aim of the present study was to investigate the concentration of water-soluble hexavalent chromium in cement clinker by using industrial by-products. For that reason, raw materials were prepared to add different $SiO_2$, $Al_2O_3$, and $Fe_2O_3$ sources. After the raw materials such as the limestone, the sand and the clay, iron ore was pulverized and mixed, and the raw meal was burnt at about $1450^{\circ}C$ in a furnace with an oxidizing atmosphere. The part in the raw materials of the clinker was substituted with slag, sludge, etc. and this was used to manufacturing cement clinker. To investigate the water-soluble hexavalent chromium content in clinker, raw meal was prepared by changing the modulus, the type, and the content of clinker materials and tested concentrations of hexavalent chromium in the clinkers. To determine $Cr^{+6}$ formation of the clinker, tests were done with raw meals adding chromium by using different industrial by-products. Consequently because the chromium was to be included in the raw materials of the clinker, production of Portland cement clinker was included with the chromium. Also, the chromium was converted into hexavalent chromium in the burning process.