• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.370-375
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• 2003

To obtain the oil sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were extracted for 1, 3, or 6 hr by a shanking water bath(35$^{\circ}C$ and 100 rpm), and by soxhlet extractor(80$^{\circ}C$) for 1, 3 or 6 hr, respectively. The highest yield of extracted oil was obtained from the walnut(63.07％ weight) and the whole wheat showed the lowest extraction yield of oil(1.13％ weight). Major fatty acids from the extracted oils were linoleic, oleic, and palmitic acid. The maximum contents of total phytosterol in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were 0.44, 1.57, 2.25, and 2.03(％ weight), respectively. Besides, total tocopherol contents in sesame, walnut, whole wheat, and rice bran were maxima 3.42, 0.16, 2.92, and 0.07(％ weight), respectively. From the extracted oils, structured lipids(SL) were synthesized by the interesterification reaction with conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) in a shanking water bath at 55$^{\circ}C$. When the reactions(1:3 substrate molar ratio, extracted oil:CLA) were conducted for 24 hr, maxima 23.75 mol％ of CLA incorporation was obtained from walnut oil and, in other cases, 16.28 - 19.15 mol％ of CLA was found in the produced SL triacylglycerol molecules.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.12.1-12.7
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• 2016

Background: The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of rice bran oil (RBO) on growth performance, blood parameter, and immune response in broiler chickens. Methods: A total of 240 1-d-old ROSS 308 male broilers were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments with six replicated pens consisting of ten chicks. The basal diet was formulated to be adequate in energy and nutrients. Three additional diets were prepared by adding 5, 10 or 20 g/kg of RBO to the basal diet. The experimental diets were fed on an ad libitum basis to the birds during 35 d. Results: Results indicated that increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets improved BW gain (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01), improve feed conversion ratio (linear, P < 0.05) of birds during 0 to 35 d. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on feed intake of birds. There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on erythrocytes of birds. However, heterophil, lymphocyte, and monocytes increased (linear and quadratic, P < 0.01) with inclusion level of RBO in diets increased. Feeding the diets containing increasing amount of RBO to birds increased (linear, P < 0.01) the concentrations of total cholesterol. Increasing inclusion level of RBO in diets increased concentrations of IgG (linear, P < 0.01). There was no effect of inclusion level of RBO in diets on concentrations of IgM. Conclusions: These results suggest that dietary RBO may be used functional ingredient to improve growth performance, total cholesterol in serum, and immune response of birds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.211-224
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• 2008

Characteristics of the esterification reaction between free fatty acid in rice bran oil and methanol was investigated in the presence of catalysts, such as PTS(p-toluene sulfonic acid), Amberlyst 15 dry and SCX(silica gel based strong cation exchange resin). While reaction temperature was kept constant at $65^{\circ}C$, initial feed content of free fatty acid was varied from 100% to 1% by addition of pure free fatty acid which was previously made from rice bran oil. Also, the effect of mole ratio of methanol to fatty acid on the final conversion was examined. When esterification of pure free fatty acid was catalyzed by several acids, final conversions were increased in order of Amberlyst 15 dry, SCX and PTS. Using PTS catalyst, initially the reaction proceeded in homogeneous 2nd oder reaction mechanism. However, phase of reaction mixture changed from homogeneous to heterogeneous along the reaction time and then reaction rate was retarded by mass transfer resistance of methanol. Final conversion of free fatty acid in reaction mixture was depended on initial feed content of free fatty acid, and had maximum value at 30% of initial feed free fatty acid content for all kinds of catalysts used. And the final conversion was increased with mole ratio of methanol by the improvement of reaction rate. When initial feed free fatty acid content below 10% and the reaction was catalyzed by PTS, concentration of free fatty acid in reaction mixture was increased in the middle of reaction time by hydrolysis of triglyceride in reaction mixture. Also, if silica gel was added into the reaction mixture which had initial feed free fatty acid content below 50%, final conversion was increased by the adsorption of moisture produced. The SCX catalyst made the esterification reaction of free fatty acid to progress like in case of PTS catalyst. However, when initial feed free fatty acid content below 10%, concentration of free fatty acid in. reaction mixture was decreased monotonically and not increased in the middle of reaction time on the contrary to the case of PTS. Thus, SCX catalyst accomplished more high value of final conversion than PTS catalyst for the initial feed fatty acid content range from 50% to 5% In case of initial feed free fatty acid content of 1% and mole ratio of methanol was 2, concentration of free fatty acid in reaction mixture increased over the initial feed free fatty acid content for all kind of catalysts used. Although SCX catalyst was added into reaction mixture which had 1% of initial feed fatty acid content, final conversion was hardly raised by mole ratio of methanol.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.237-245
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• 2021

Particulate matter and ultra-particle matters generally refer to very small floating dust, such as 1/6 to 1/7 and 1/20 to 1/30, respectively, compared to the thickness of human hair, and contain various types of heavy metal ions. In addition to breathing, particle matters (PM) that flows in through the gaps in the pores of the skin can induce health problems in the body's tissues and skin, so it must be removed by blocking the inflow or by washing. Through this study, we confirmed the possibility that heavy metal ions can be adsorbed and removed by using Oryza sativa (Rice) bran oil (OSBO). In addition, the cell viability is much higher than that of grain-derived components through cytotoxicity experiments, and the cytoprotective effect of an external stimulus source can be expected. It was confirmed that the expression amount of COL1A1 mRNA increased, and accordingly, it was believed that wrinkles that might be caused by moisture lost by heavy metal ions in fine dust could be alleviated. Based on the results of these experiments, we tried to present a cosmetics containing OSBO, which is a wash-off formulation, in order to finally remove heavy metals.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.63-70
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• 1990

Influence of mixing ratio of blending oil (rice bran oil : RBD palm olein = 1 : 1, 1 : 4 mixture: w/w) and natural tocopherol, citric acid, and sodium polyphosphate on enhancement of oxidation stability of blending oil under the condition of tap water infulx(1 ml/min/200g oil) were compared by AOM test after heating these system at l80$^{\circ}C$. In addition, the effects of tocopherol, and synergist on oxidition stability were also tested with potato chips fried with blending oil(1 : 4 mixture). The result obtained were as followes; 1. The test of RBD palm olein addition of 50% and 80% against rice bran oil on oxidation stability showed that the higher the palm olein contents in blending oil, the higher the oxidation stability. 2. The test of oxidation stability, adding l00ppm, 200ppm and 400ppm of natural tocopherol in two different types of blending oils, A(1 : 1 mixture) and B(1 : 4 mixture), disclosed that blending oil B was more positively effective, and this trend was superior at 200ppm level particularly, Furthermore, oxidation stability was enhanced remarkably upon addition of 100ppm of natural tocopherol, and 50ppm of citric acid together with 50ppm, 100ppm and 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate in general. Especially, 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate addition induced the most synergetic effect on oxidation stability showing as much as 3 times compare to control. 3. The results of oxidation stability obtained by peroxide value on potato chips fried with blending oil (1:4 mixture} added tocopherol, citric acid and sodium polyphosphate and preserved at $60^{\circ}C$ revealed that addition of tocopherol and 50ppm of citric acid together with 200ppm of sodium polyphosphate treatment was the most synergistic coinciding with AOM test results.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.4 no.1 s.6
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• pp.29-36
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• 1989

The purpose of this investigation was performed for chemical values related to rancidity of fat and oils extracted from deep-frying food in Seoul. The samples were collected according to kinds of fat and oils, sampling sites and food stuffs for frying. The results were as follows 1. The most used frying oils were rice bran oil $(37.0\%)$ and shortening $(29.6\%)$, followed by rapeseed oil $(14.8\%)$. 2. The chemical values related to rancidity of fat and oils extracted from deep-frying foods were the next on average. Acid value-1.42, peoxide value-39.82, dinitrophenyl hydrazine value-16.73 thiobarbituric acid value-0.263. However the highest value among oils was showed in rice bran oil and the lowest value was shortening. 3. For the classification of sampling sites, acid value and peroxide value of samples of the markets were found higher than them of environs of school and roadside, and the differences between them were significant (P> 0.01), while dinitrophenyl hydrazine value and thiobar bituric acid value were not showed the significant differences. 4. For the classification of foodstuffs for frying, there were not recognized significant differences among all kinds of them.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.353-357
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• 2018

Previous studies have suggested that rice bran oil (RBO), an edible oil from the byproducts of rice milling, has anti-inflammatory effects in inflammation inducing macrophages, known as M1 subsets. Yet the effects of RBO on the counterpart M2 subsets, the "healing" macrophages, were poorly investigated to date. In this regard, recent studies on the molecular/cellular anti-inflammatory mechanisms of dietary components have demonstrated that mitochondrial respiration contributes to macrophage functioning. Therefore, the current study examined whether RBO regulates cytokine secretion by modulating mitochondrial metabolism in wound healing M2 subsets. Palm oil (PO), enriched with medium-chain fatty acids, served as a positive control. C57BL/6 mice were fed a diet containing either corn oil (CO), PO or RBO for 4 weeks, followed by purification of bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) from their tibias and femurs. Cells were further polarized to M2-BMDM, and the expression of M2 marker (CD206) on cellular surfaces were not affected by dietary intervention. In addition, the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) in the culture supernatant was not affected by dietary lipids. Oxygen consumption rate, the indicator of mitochondrial respiration in M2-BMDM was not regulated by RBO intervention and PO treatment. Taken together, this study imply that RBO did not intervene both the regulation of inflammatory responses and mitochondrial respiration in M2 macrophages.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.769-774
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• 1993

Defatted rice bran was microparticulated using fluidized bed opposed jet mill and air-classified at different air classifying wheel speed (ACWS) in Turboplex classifier. The median particle size and the standard deviation decreased, and concomitantly the specific surface area increased generally with increasing ACWS. The protein, fat and ash contents of the recovered rice bran increased with ACWS. The contents of minerals; magnesium, zinc, iron and manganese; increased positively with ACWS. The phytic acid content, however, was slightly higher at middle ACWS. The dietary fiber content was highest in the ACWS 15,000 rpm fraction showing 31.47%. Higher ACWS resulted in lighter colored powder. The water holding capacity (WHC) showed the maximum value at ACWS 12,000 rpm and decreased with increasing ACWS, while the oil holding capacity (OHC) increased with ACWS. The rheological property of the microparticulated rice bran/water suspension fitted to the linear model. The yield stress and viscosity of the suspension increased with ACWS. The shape of microparticulated rice bran at ACWS 21,000 rpm was spherical, and the median particle size was $3.7{\mu}m$. When cake was prepared with substitution of microparticulated rice bran at 5%, the cake height and volume increased remarkably.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.643-649
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• 2002

Availability of feeds and fodder and amount of their intake by large ruminants in eight different agro-ecological zones (AEZ) of Bangladesh were recorded over a year. Roughages such as straw, naturally grown green grass, water hyacinth, tree leaves, legumes and sugarcane tops were the major feedstuffs fed to the large ruminants. Amount of intake of these ingredients differed (p<0.01) across AEZ studied, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05) except for green grasses (p<0.01). Byproduct concentrates offered to animals in the studied areas were rice bran, wheat bran and different oil cakes. The amount of intake of concentrates by the animals also differed (p<0.01) across AEZs, but did not differ across seasons or farmers' categories (p>0.05), except for rice bran and wheat bran which differed between season and farm category, and season respectively (p<0.01). The large standard errors of mean indicate that there are wide variations in intake of roughages and concentrates across AEZ's, seasons and farmers' categories and even across days. This further indicates that the feeding practices of large ruminants are largely heterogeneous. In addition to feeding roughage and concentrates, the animals were allowed to graze for six hours a day. Grazing hours also differed (p<0.01) across AEZ, but not by farmers' categories or seasons.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 1985

The alkali refined rice bran oil (ARBO) and the esterified rice bran oil (ERBO) with glycerol were compared for their thermal stabilities at $150^{\circ}C$ and $180^{\circ}C$, respectively. The acid value gradually increased in ARBO during heating period but increased slowly in ERBO-2 and declined gradually in ERBO-1. The peroxide value was somewhat fluctuated during heating period, and the maximum peroxide value in all samples was 13.3 meq/kg. TBA value was sharply increased for the first 10 hr. heating and slowed down thereafter for all samples but ERBO were intensely colored after the heat treatment. The TG ratio of the oils after 90 hr. heating was not different at $150^{\circ}C$ but ERBO was 2-7% higher ratio of TG than ARBO at $180^{\circ}C$. The oxidative stability of ARBO was twice higher than ERBO according to the result of active oxygen test.