• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.28
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• pp.12.1-12.5
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• 2013

Objectives The role of genetic polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) for lung cancer development was evaluated. Methods Genotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ polymorphisms, -1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, were determined in 616 lung cancer cases and 616 lung cancer-free controls. Results After adjusting for body mass index and smoking, each TNF-${\alpha}$ genotype or haplotype composed of five TNF-${\alpha}$ single nucleotide polymorphisms did not show an association with lung cancer risk (p>0.05). The statistical power was found to be 88.4%, 89.3%, 93.3%, 69.7%, and 93.9% for 1210C>T, -487A>G, -417A>G, IVS1+123G>A, and IVS3+51A>G, respectively. Furthermore, the effects of each SNP or haplotype on lung cancer risk were not found to be different according to the cell type of lung cancer (p>0.05). In the repeated analysis with only subjects without other diseases related to inflammation, there was also no association between polymorphisms or haplotypes of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk (p>0.05). Conclusions This study found no association between common variants of the TNF-${\alpha}$ gene and lung cancer risk.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2001

The statistical regression model is one of the most frequently used clinical analysis methods. It has basic assumption of linearity, additivity and normal distribution of data. However, most of biological data in medical field are nonlinear and unevenly distributed. To overcome the discrepancy between the basic assumption of statistical model and actual biological data, we propose a new analytical method based on artificial neural network. The newly developed multilayer perceptron(MLP) is trained with 120 data set (60 normal, 60 patient). On applying test data, it shows the discrimination power of 0.76. The diabetic risk factors were also identified from the MLP neural network model and the logistic regression model. The signigicant risk factors identified by MLP model were post prandial glucose level(PP2), sex(male), fasting blood sugar(FBS) level, age, SBP, AC and WHR. Those from the regression model are sex(male), PP2, age and FBS. The combined risk factors can be identified using the MLP model. Those are total cholesterol and body weight, which is consistent with the result of other clinical studies. From this experiment we have learned that MLP can be applied to the combined risk factor analysis of biological data which can not be provided by the conventional statistical method.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.349-356
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• 2021

This study comprehensively investigates whether there is an impact of risk, size, profitability, earnings per share, dividend yield, and book-to-market equity on the stock prices of Jordanian banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) for the period 2006-2018. To mitigate endogeneity concerns and to control for within-bank dynamics, panel data fixed effects estimations are used. This study shows that size (SIZE), profitability (ROA), dividend yield (DY) and book-to-market equity (BE/ME) ratios are statistically significant determinants of stock prices. The risk (RISK) factor measured by volatility of ROA has a positive and significant effect on the stock prices, while earnings per share has minimum influence on the stock prices. The results show that ROA has a significant and positive effect and provides the largest effect among all variables used in this study, while the RISK factor has a positive and significant effect. In contrast, SIZE, DY, and BE/ME have a significant negative effect on stock prices. The paper presented new evidence showing that ROA is a better determinant of stock prices in Jordanian banks, and RISK significantly affects stock prices. The researcher recommends using a factor of profitability represented by ROA which has a significant positive effect on the stock prices in Jordanian banks and applying the ROA variable to other sectors.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.437-441
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• 2012

Objective: Health risk appraisal is often utilized to modify individual's health behavior, especially concerning disease prevention, and web-based health risk appraisal services are being provided to the general public in Korea. However, little is known about the psychological effect of the health risk appraisal even though poorly communicated information by the web-based service may result in unintended adverse health outcomes. This study was conducted to explore the psychological effect of health risk appraisal using epidemiological risk factor profile. Methods: We conducted a randomized trial comparing risk factor list type health risk appraisal and risk score type health risk appraisal. We studied 60 women aged 30 years and older who had no cancer. Anxiety level was assessed using the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory YZ. Results: The results of multivariate analysis showed that risk status was the independent predictors of increase of state anxiety after health risk appraisal intervention when age, education, health risk appraisal type, numeracy, state anxiety, trait anxiety, and health risk appraisal type by risk status interaction was adjusted. Women who had higher risk status had an odd of having increased anxiety that was about 5 times greater than women who had lower risk status. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that communicating the risk status by individual health risk appraisal service can induce psychological sequelae, especially in women having higher risk status. Hospitals, institutes, or medical schools that are operating or planning to operate the online health risk appraisal service should take side effects such as psychological sequelae into consideration.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.415-424
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among public's risk characteristics, risk severity, risk perception and risk acceptability of human stem cell technology. The subjects were 300 Koreans selected. The data were analyzed by the exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis and structural equation modeing analysis. The results were as followed. First, public's risk characteristics on human stem cell technology influenced positively on risk severity. Second, public's risk characteristics on human stem cell technology influenced positively on risk perception. Third, public's risk severity on human stem cell technology influenced positively on risk perception. Fourth, public's risk characteristics on human stem cell technology influenced negatively on risk acceptability. Fifth, public's risk severity on human stem cell technology influenced not significantly on risk acceptability. Sixth, public's risk perception on human stem cell technology influenced not significantly on risk acceptability. These results will contribute to develop the risk communication strategy on the acceptability of human stem cell technology.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.152-160
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• 2007

Recently, the government is very active to secure the financial resources by inducement of the private investment in fulfilling an extension of the SOC facilities. One of the reasons that the private investors hesitate to put money into the private finance projects, however, is the lack of knowledges about various risks to be possibly incurred during the project execution. This research was performed as one of the preparation works in order for a A engineering company to act as a prime contractor of the project management service in the private finance project, and finally developed the risk factor dictionary as a new concept to satisfy the requirement of a A company and overcome a limit of the existing risk checklists. Although the risk factor dictionary looks like the only simplified table to be the risk factors identified in three dimensions, the impacts and response strategies expressed in narrative and multi-items, and the responsible parties indicated, it has great meanings to get a lot of direct and indirect accomplishments over the simplified table during the development process.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.193-200
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to identify how students majoring in nursing perceive causes of cancers and the effects of diet for preventing cancers. Data for the study were collected by 651 nursing students, who were registered in the second and third year in three technical colleges and third and fourth year in two universities. The Research instruments included items on general characteristics of subjects, items about the degree of perception of the frequency of cancer onset and items on the perception of mortality. risk factors. preventive diets, knowledge, and high risk factor for cancer in specific body areas. The findings of this study are as follows : 1. Almost all subjects(92.8%) reported that the frequency of cancer onset increases and that it is 93.9% for people over 40. Degree of perception about cancer mortality was low at 33.0%. 2. As far as the perception of risk factors for cancer onset was concerned, smoking, stress, heredity, family history, and alcohol were rated high, over 80.0%. Risk factor in. eluding virus, hormones. pesticides were rated as low. 3. As to the perception of risk factor for body area as associated with diet salted and scorched food were rated at 44.5% for stomach cancer, alcohol, 50.4% for liver cancer, smoking. 72.8% for lung cancer. pregnancy times. 25.3%, and marriage age, 23.0% for uterine cancer, and no delivery experience, 40.1% for breast cancer. 4. The knowledge score for cancer was between 12 and 36, with a mean score of 26.75(SD=4.13). There was a statistically significant difference between experience in raring for cancer patients during clinical practice and knowledge score(t=3.09. p=.002).

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.7
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• pp.550-556
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• 2004

Dietary pattern analysis is important complementary approach for identifying associations between diet and chronic disease. A case-control study was conducted in order to examine dietary patterns and the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Data were collected from both 137 cases with either colorectal cancer or large bowl adenomatous polyps and 134 controls regarding social-demographic characteristics and food intake using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We conducted factor analysis and identified 6 major dietary patterns: 'Well-being diet' characterized by higher intakes of potatoes, yogurt, soybean paste and vegetables, 'Meat & fish', 'Milk & juice', 'Pork & alcohol', 'Rice & kimchi', and 'Coffee & cake'. We calculated factor scores for each participant and examined the associations between dietary patterns and colon cancer risk. After adjusting for potential confounders, there was a relative risk for colon cancer of 0.16 (95% confidence interval, 0.07 - 0.34) when comparing the highest with the lowest tertile of the 'Well-being' pattern. Significant trends of decreasing risk of colon cancer also emerged with the 'Milk & juice' (OR = 0.40, 95% CI = 0.20 - 0.79). In contrast, inverse associations of the risk were found for 'Pork & alcohol' (OR = 1.92, 95% CI = 0.93 - 3.97), 'Coffee & cake' (OR = 2.18, 95% CI = 1.07 - 4.46). For the 'Meat & fish' pattern, the decreased risk of colon cancer was observed in the second tertile, but not in the highest tertile when comparing to the lowest. The 'Rice & kimchi' pattern had a nonsignificant association with the risk. These data suggest that major dietary patterns derived from the FFQ associated with the risk of colon cancer in Korea. Since foods are not consumed in isolation, dietary pattern research in natural eating behavior may be useful for understanding dietary causes of colon cancer.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.3 no.2 s.10
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• pp.75-86
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• 2002

The construction market is diversely changing because social environmental factors are rapidly transforming. Therefore, Construction projects are becoming complex and diverse. Furthermore, the risk being inherent in construction projects are increasing, and now people are considering about the risk management of construction projects in successfully handling the risk factor. The purpose of this study is first to comprehend the preparation of basic references for objective and systematic identification, categorization, and analysis of risk. Secondly it is to find the principle elements within the risk factors identified and categorized around planning process. Finally it is to manage objectively on the planning process, which forms a lot of uncertainty, in order to accentuate the importance about the risk of pre-planning process stage

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.269-274
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• 2005

This study gathered the factor of supply chain risk through literature review, and measured the importance of risk factors which have been recognized by domestic companies. This study has purposes and necessities as follows. First, supply risk factors were classified and explored through positive studies about supply chain risk. Most of previous studies helps grasping the meaning of supply chain risk but limited in conceptual side. Second, this study used AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process) method which makes decision-making problem classified, simplicated and systematized to evaluate the importance of supply-chain risk recognized by the companies. Finally, this study suggests registration-point in companies's efficient supply activity would be great by measuring the importance of supply-chain through AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process).