• 한국재료학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.255-263
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• 2021

P91 steel has been a highly researched material because of its applicability for high-temperature applications. Considerable efforts have been made to produce experimental creep data and develop models for creep life prediction. As creep tests are expensive and difficult to conduct, it is vital to develop authenticated empirical methods from experimental results that can be utilized for better understanding of creep behavior and can be incorporated into computational models for reliable prediction of creep life. In this research, a series of creep rupture tests are performed on the P91 specimens within a stress range of 155 MPa to 200 MPa and temperature range of 640 ℃ (913 K) to 675 ℃ (948 K). The microstructure, hardness, and fracture surfaces of the specimens are investigated. To analyze the results of the creep rupture tests at a macro level, a parameter called creep work density is derived. Then, the relationships between various creep parameters such as strain, strain rate, time to rupture, creep damage tolerance factor, and creep work density are investigated, and various empirical equations are obtained.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.43-57
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• 2023

The impacts of waste tire rubber (WTR) on the bending conduct of reinforced concrete beams (RCBs) are investigated in visualization of experimental tests and 3D finite element model (FEM) using both ANSYS and SAP2000. Several WTR rates are used in total 4 various full scale RCBs to observe the impact of WTR rate on the rupture and bending conduct of RCBs. For this purpose, the volumetric ratios (Vf) of WTR were chosen to change to 0%, 2.5%, 5% and 7.5% in the whole concrete. In relation to experimental test consequences, bending and rupture behaviors of the RCBs are observed. The best performance among the beams was observed in the beams with 2.5% WTR. Furthermore, as stated by test consequences, it is noticed that while WTR rate in the RCBs is improved, max. bending in the RCBs rises. For test consequences, it is clearly recognized as WTR rate in the RCB mixture is improved from 0% to 2.5%, deformation value in the RCB remarkably rises from 3.89 cm to 7.69 cm. This consequence is markedly recognized that WTR rates have a favorable result on deformation values in the RCBs. Furthermore, experimental tests are compared to 3D FEM consequences via using ANSYS software. In the ANSYS, special element types are formed and nonlinear multilinear misses plasticity material model and bilinear misses plasticity material model are chosen for concrete and compression and tension elements. As a consequence, it is noticed that each WTR rates in the RCBs mixture have dissimilar bending and rupture impacts on the RCBs. Then, to observe the impacts of WTR rate on the constructions under near-fault ground motions, a reinforced-concrete building was modelled via using SAP2000 software using 3-D model of the construction to complete nonlinear static analysis. Beam, column, steel haunch elements are modeled as nonlinear frame elements. Consequently, the seismic impacts of WTR rate on the lateral motions of each floor are obviously investigated particularly. Considering reduction in weight of structure and capacity of the members with using waste tire rubber, 2.5% of WTR resulted in the best performance while the construction is subjected to near fault earthquakes. Moreover, it is noticeably recognized that WTR rate has opposing influences on the seismic displacement behavior of the RC constructions.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.353-370
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• 2020

This paper describes a new type of replaceable fuse for moment resisting frames. Column-tree connections with beam splice connections are frequently preferred in the moment resisting frames since they eliminate field welding and provide good quality. In the column-tree connections, a part of the beam is welded to the column in the shop and the rest of the beam is bolted with the splice connection in the field. In this study, a replaceable reduced beam section (R-RBS) connection is proposed in order to eliminate welding process and facilitate assembly at the site. In the proposed R-RBS connection, one end is connected by a beam splice connection to the beam and the other end is connected by a bolted end-plate connection to the column. More importantly is that the proposed R-RBS connection allows the replacement of the damaged R-RBS easily right after an earthquake. Pursuant to this goal, experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the performance of the R-RBS connection. An experimental study on the RBS connection was used to substantiate the numerical model using ABAQUS, a commercially available finite element software. Additionally, five different finite element models were developed to conduct a parametric study. The results of the analysis were compared in terms of the moment and energy absorption capacities, PEEQ, rupture and tri-axiality indexes. The design process as well as the optimum dimensions of the R-RBS connections are presented. It was also demonstrated that the proposed R-RBS connection satisfies AISC criteria based on the nonlinear finite element analysis results.

• 한국지진공학회논문집
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2017

The WUF-W moment connection is a pre-qualified connection that can be used for special moment frames specified in current seismic design specifications. Since the stress distribution near the connection varies according to access hole configuration, the cyclic performance of WUF-W connections is strongly affected by the access hole configurations. To evaluate the connection performance according to various access hole configurations, it is expensive to conduct experiments with many connection specimens. Instead, finite element analyses (FEA) can be performed. Throughout the FEA, stress and strain distribution in the connection can be monitored at each loading step. The purpose of this study is to construct nonlinear 3-dimensional FE models for accurately predicting the cyclic behavior of WUF-W connections. For predicting connection fracture using FEA, an appropriate response index detecting the incidence of connection rupture is proposed.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2004년도 학술.기술논문발표회
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• pp.91-95
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• 2004

Utilization of underground construction if increased by the large size ＆ skycraperlization of building recently. Therefore. waterproof dependence of underground construction is risen. However, water leakage was happened by rupture by concrete conduct, drying shrinkage. form tie. In underground environment soil class, degradation of waterproofing is showing to corrode by oil. An odious smell by oil, promotion evil of reinforcing rod corrosion, declination of durability can happen. Then, practical un degree of underground spare becomes low, Because oil or water permeates by construction by degradation to waterproof class corrode by oil, is considered to affect evil durability of construction.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled studies from 2012 to present that explore the diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests used for diagnosing anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. Methods: Study design: Systematic review. Literature search of the PubMed and Scholar databases was conducted using keywords related to diagnostic accuracy of clinical tests for ACL injury. The PRISMA Guidelines were followed to conduct this study. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was utilized to assess the quality of each included study. Results: As a result, 8 studies were included, and 6 clinical tests used in ACL tears were evaluated for diagnostic accuracy. The pivot shift test was reported as having the highest +LR (29.5) value with a sensitivity of 59% and a specificity of 98%. However, the test with the lowest -LR value was the lever test, and the values were as follows: -LR (0.08), +LR (4.7), specificity (80%), sensitivity (94%). Conclusion: In this study, it was concluded that a single clinical test is not sufficient to determine the presence of ACL injury. Test combinations have a higher diagnostic accuracy than a single test. In this study, the accuracy of the clinical tests was examined without considering the amount of ACL rupture and acute-chronic condition. Further research is required to examine the impact of these two factors on diagnostic accuracy of clinical test.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.159-165
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• 2014

For the hydrogen economy system being tried starting with the 21st century, the fields that was not dealt with so far, such as the safety measure for large leakage accidents, the safety problem at infrastructures like a hydrogen station, the safety problem in terms of automobiles depending on introduction of hydrogen cars, the safety problem in a supply for homes like fuel cells, etc., are being deeply reviewed. In order to establish a safety control system, an essential prerequisite in using and commercializing hydrogen gas as an efficient energy source, it is necessary to conduct an analysis, such as analysis of hydrogen accident examples, clarification of physical mechanisms, qualitative and quantitative evaluation of safety, development of accident interception technologies, etc. This study prepared scenarios of hydrogen gas leakage that can happen at hydrogen stations, and predicted damage when hydrogen leaks by using PHAST for this.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2003년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.46-49
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• 2003

Cu have been widely used as signal transmission materials for electrical electronic components owing to its high electrical conductivity. However, it's size have been limited to small ones due to its poor mechanical properties, Until now, strengthening of the copper at toy was obtained either by the solid solution and precipitation hardening by adding alloy elements or the work hardening by deformation process. Adding the at toy elements lead to reduction of electrical conductivity. In this aspect, if carbon nanofiber is used as reinforcement which have outstanding mechanical strength and electric conductivity, it is possible to develope Cu matrix nanocomposite having almost no loss of electric conductivity. It is expected to be innovative in electric conduct ing material market. The unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofiber is the most challenging task developing the copper matrix composites of high strength and electric conductivity In this study, the unidirectional alignment of carbon nanofibers which is used reinforced material are controlled by drawing process in order to manufacture the intermediary materials for the carbon nanofiber reinforced Cu matrix nanocomposite and align mechanism as well as optimized drawing process parameters are verified via experiments and numerical analysis. The materials used in this study were pure copper and the nanofibers of 150nm in diameter and of $10~20\mu\textrm{m}$ In length. The materials have been tested and the tensile strength was 75MPa with the elongation of 44% for the copper it is assumed that carbon nanofiber behave like porous elasto-plastic materials. Compaction test was conducted to obtain constitutive properties of carbon nanofiber. Optimal parameter for drawing process was obtained by experiments and numerical analysis considering the various drawing angles, reduction areas, friction coefficient, etc Lower reduction areas provides the less rupture of cu tube is not iced during the drawing process. Optimal die angle was between 5 degree and 12 degree. Relative density of carbon nanofiber embedded in the copper tube is higher as drawing diameter decrease and compressive residual stress is occurred in the copper tube. Carbon nanofibers are moved to the reverse drawing direct ion via shear force caused by deformation of the copper tube and alined to the drawing direction.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.617-626
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• 2019

본 연구는 가스추진 174K급 LNG 운반선의 가스 압축기실에서 발생하는 가스누출 모사를 통해 가스탐지기의 최적 위치를 분석하였으며, 새로 개정된 IGC 코드에 명시된 안전규정을 만족하는 합리적인 방법도 함께 제안하였다. 가스압축기실에서의 LNG 가스누출 수치해석을 위해, 실제 ME-GI 엔진이 장착된 174K급 LNG 운반선의 압축기실 형상과 장비, 배관의 배치와 같은 치수로 3D 설계되었다. 가스누설에 대한 시나리오는 305 bar의 높은 압력과 1 bar의 낮은 압력을 적용하여 진행하였다. 고압용 핀홀의 크기는 4.5, 5.0, 5.6 mm이고 저압용은 100, 140 mm이다. 해석 결과, 5.6 mm 핀홀(고압)과 100, 140 mm 핀홀(저압) 상태의 누출에 대한 환기평가에서 가연성 가스농도는 심각한 위험이 없음을 확인하였다. 그러나 개정된 IGC 코드에 따라 설치된 압축기실의 가스 감지 센서의 실제 위치는 다른 지점으로 이동해야 하고, 측정 지점이 현 규정에서 요구하는 것보다 더 추가되어야 함을 확인하였다.