• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.1208-1213
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• 2011

The objective of this study is to analyze rut resistance and moisture susceptibility of warm mix asphalt(WMA) mixture. The deformation strength ($S_D$), which is known to have high correlations with the high-temperature deformation resistance of dense grade mixture, was used as a tool, together with wheel tacking (WT) test, for evaluating warm mix asphalt mixture's rut resistance.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.26 no.5D
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• pp.783-796
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• 2006

Rut-resistance pavement is adopted to prevent pavement from plastic deformation since 1998. The objective of this paper is to investigate performance and economic efficiency between rut-resistance pavement and conventional hot-mix asphalt(HMA) on national highway. The pavement deterioration models incorporated in HDM-4 have been calibrated and adapted to local road conditions based on observed pavement rut-depth data. Based on calibration result of HDM-4, the economic evaluation including road agency cost and user cost is performed for 34 road pavement sections. Furthermore, we presented optimal timing for maintenance and performance levels subject to different budget. We found that rut-resistance pavement is performing better than conventional hot-mix asphalt in most road sections. Furthermore, we confirmed that the application of HDM-4 is useful for pavement project planning and evaluation. More investigation is needed to enlarge the scope of the pavement data and to explore more deeply socio-environmental cost and delay cost.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.43-53
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• 2019

It is well-known fact that the stone-mastic asphalt (SMA) mixture has shown superior rut resistance, compared with the dense-graded asphalt (DGA) mixture in highway pavements. However, the SMA is measured to be inferior to DGA mixes when tested by well-known high-temperature test methods, such as the wheel tracking (WT), asphalt pavement analyzer, the Marshall Stability and Kim Test. Therefore, this study examined the reasons why it was measured to be inferior, and devised a potential procedure by which the superiority of SMA could be measured at $60^{\circ}C$. The strength against deformation ($S_D$), which was known to show very high correlation with WT results for DGA mixes, was measured by the Kim Test on the specimen confined in the compacted mold. In standard Kim Test, which used the specimen without confinement, the DGA was measured to show higher $S_D$ than the SMA. But by confining specimen, it was found that the $S_D$ of SMA was measured to be higher than that of DGA. Therefore, the confined static test protocol devised in this study was found to be feasible for evaluating rut resistance of SMA mix.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.1 s.27
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• pp.77-87
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• 2006

Dynamic stability (DS) in the wheel tracking (WT) test is used as a basic index of rut-resistance for asphalt mixtures. In general, the deeper rut depth is obtained from the weaker mixture, resulting in the lower DS value. On the other hand, the shallower rut depth is obtained from the stronger mixture, resulting in the higher DS. However, it is not always the case when the DS is calculated by the existing method because the DS is simply determined based on the slope at the final stage of the rut depth-cycle curve. Specifically, in the case of the depth-cycle curve showing a steeper slope in the early part but flatter slope in last part, the DS is calculated to be higher than the curve showing a ever-increasing slope throughout the test. As long as the last part of slope is flatter, the deeper final rut depth is evaluated to show a higher DS than the little final rut depth. Therefore, a reasonable method for DS evaluation need to be established. Several new methods were suggested by considering the early, middle and final parts of rut depth to determine a reasonable DS. The results have shown that those new methods have demonstrated a significant improvement in distinguishing similarly performing mixtures. The result also showed that $DS_2$ had better correlation with SD than any other methods , representing the rutting resistance of asphalt mixture very well. The new DS calculation method is relatively simple and easy to follow. More validatin study is required for practical application.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.6 no.4 s.22
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• pp.45-53
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• 2004

This study dealt with correlation analysis between deformation strength and rut resistance of asphalt concretes based on binder grade in Superpave specification with changing submerging time. Currently, Mashall mix design is known to have little correlation with rutting related performance. Therefore, some agencies started to use the Superpave method for asphalt mix design. But this method has a weak point in that it can not distinct mechanical property of the asphalt mixtures designed. For solution of these problem, this study used deformation strength, $S_D$, of Kim test which is a new approach under development for finding property which represents rut resistance characteristics of asphalt mixtures under static loading. This study used two aggregates from two regions and five PG asphalt binders. Final rut depth (DR) and dynamic stability (DS) from wheel tracking (WT) test were obtained. and $S_D$ value of the same mixture specimen which was made by gyratory compactor was obtained using loading head [4(1.0)]. Three submerging times 30min, 40min, 50min were used as a test variable at $60^{\circ}C$. Correlation analysis of DR and DS with $S_D$ were performed based on PG grade. It was found out that the $S_D$ has a high correlation with DR and DS of superpave mixtures. The highest $R^2$ was found from the $S_D$ values of 30min. submerged specimen.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.6 no.3 s.21
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

This study was performed to establish valid methodology for determining dynamic stability(DS) of deformation-cycle curve which is obtained through wheel tracking(WT) test, the most widely used method for forecast of rutting tendency of asphalt mixture. Existing Korean and Japanese methods for DS are unrealistic and do not really reflect characteristics of rut resistance of asphalt concretes especially when the slope of deformation-cycle curve is stabilized at the end. It was proved that the new DS developed in this study reflected rut resistance characteristics better than existing methods. It is especially effective to distinguish the mixtures with high DR(depth of rut) but stable slope at the end of curve from the mixture with lower DR and continuous slope. The field evaluation must be followed to prove whether the mixture which shows a high DS value this method perform well in the filed.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.8 no.1 s.27
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• pp.1-13
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• 2006

This paper is one of the studies for developing new methodologies for improving performance of hot-mix recycled asphalt mixtures. The objective of this study is to evaluate rut-resistance characteristics of recycled asphalt mixture which was prepared by newly developed mixing method. The new mixing method provided more sufficient rejuvenation of old binder of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), making homogeneous binder viscosity level in a recycled mixture. Two aggregates (gneiss and granite), two RAP contents (15% and 30%) and two contents (none and 6%) of polymer modifier (LDPE) were used. Recycled mixture was prepared with two methods; method A and method F. To examine difference of binder oxidation level by type of material within a recycled mixture, Gel-permeation chromatography(GPC) analysis was performed on the binders mixed with coarse aggregates and matrix separately. Laboratory tests were performed for evaluation of rut resistance characteristics of each recycled mixture and these includes wheel tracking (WT) test and Kim test. Rut depth and dynamic stability were obtained from WT test and deformation strength $(S_D)$ was obtained from Kim test. The results of regression analysis was shown that correlation $(R^2)$ of F mixing mixtures was higher than one of A mixing mixtures. Therefore, F mixing mixtures showed more consistent rut resistance than h mixing mixtures.

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.165-172
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• 2001

• 한국도로학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2010.03a
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• pp.63-71
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• 2010

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.25-31
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• 2009

In general, it is well known fact that the stone mastic asphalt (SMA) pavement has a high resistance against rutting. However, performance of SMA is not well measured by general method used in the laboratory. The objective of this study is to investigate an applicability of deformation strength ($S_D$) for performance estimation of SMA, and to find out the correlation between rut depth and dynamic stability, and $S_D$ of SMA. This study carried out wheel tracking test and Kim-test with optimum asphalt content (OAC) determined by mix design. The results indicated that the $S_D$ of SMA was very poorer than those of dense-graded asphalt mixtures. $S_D$ showed similar WT dynamic stability and rut-depth level. It was found that Kim-test was not reflected higher rutting resistance of SMA like as indirect tensile strength (ITS) test and Marshall stability test. Also, it was revealed that dynamic stability and rut-depth of WT had some problems to estimate rutting resistance of SMA mixtures.