• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.281-289
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• 1984

The present studies were designed to observe the effects of both dietary fat levels and P/S ratio on lipid components in plasma and tissues of young rats when cholesterol was supplemented at 1%(w/w) to four dietary groups providing total fat as 10%( LF ) or 45% ( HF ) of calories and P/S ratio as 0.2 or 4.0, Low Fat-0.2 : Low Fat-4.0 : High Fat-0.2 : High Fat-4.0. Plasma total cholesterol was increased almost to the same level in all dietary groups after the cholesterol supplement but the value of HF -0.2 was slightly higher than that of LF -0.2. Plasma TG was also increased in all dietary groups when cholesterol was supplemented but was more significantly increased in LF group than in HF group. HDL-cholesterol was slightly increased by cholesterol supplement but there was no effect by the total dietary fat level of previous diet. However, plasma HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol and TG levels were slightly reduced in high fat diet of P/S 4.0. Total cholesterol per g -liver was higher in HF group than in LF group before and after cholesterol supplement even though it was increased more in LF group with cholesterol addition. Liver cholesterol was also higher in rats fed diets of P/S 4.0 at high fat level before and after cholesterol supplement. In contrast, total cholesterol per g-muscle was reduced by cholesterol supplement in all groups and it was significantly higher in LF than in HF. There was no significant effect in liver TG by total fat level and P/S ratio when cholesterol was supplemented. Muscle TG was lowered in all groups by cholesterol supplement but no effect by total fat level and P/S ratio.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.200-208
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• 1983

The present studies were designed to compare the effects of both dietary fat levels and P / S ratio on lipid components in plasma and tissues. Changes in plasma HDL-cholesterol, cholesterol and TG, and also in tissue cholesterol and TG were determined in young rats fed diets providing total dietary fat as 10%, 25% or 45% of calories and P / S ratio as 0.2 or 4.0. Plasma cholesterol levels were getting higher as dietary fat levels increased at P / S 0.2. Plasma cholesterol was lower in rats fed dietary fat either 25% or 45 %, each with P / S 4.0. But at 10% no change in plasma cholesterol were observed by P / S 4.0 because of a possible insufficiency of the absolute amount of PUFA. HDL-cholesterol was rather less sensitive to the modification of dietary fat level, but was reduced in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at either 25% or 45% fat, even though HDL-cholesterol were increased in the group of 10% with P / S 0.2. Total cholesterol per g- liver were significantly increased as dietary fat levels increased. Liver cholesterol levels were higher in rats fed diets of P / S 4.0 at higher fat levels (25% or 45%) which possibly suggested that a reduction of plasma cholesterol by high PUFA diet was not at least from a decreased synthesis of cholesterol in liver. However, in muscle no significant differences were found by feeding high P / S ratio at each levels of fat. At 10% fat level, compared to 25% or 45%, cholesterol level was lower in g-liver but higher in g- muscle. Plasma TG was decreased as more dietary fat were supplied at P / S ratio, but no consistant response obtained at low P / S ratio. TG per g-liver were reduced by feeding P / S 4.0 diet at 10% or 45% fat level but no differences were found in muscle. P / S 4.0 diet was more efficient in lowering plasma cholesterol TG and HDL-cholesterolt levels only if fat level was more than 25% of the total calories And young rats were more resistant to dietary fat modification.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.13-21
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• 1971

The effects of alcohol. extract of acacia on total cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum of rabbit were examined. Rabbits were divided into four groups. A : Control group B : Cholesterol group C : Cholesterol+aca. alc. ex. (A) group D : Cholesterol+aca. alc. ex. (B) group Each group had four rabbits. A Group was fed with the stock diet only for the experimental period of 28 days. B Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol. C Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol and 300mg of acacia alcohol extract. D Group was fed with the stock diet containing 500mg of cholesterol and 500mg of acacia aocohol extract. Total cholesterol ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum was determined with spectrophotometer, spectronic 20. It was confirmed that the extract of acacia alcohol inhibits the increase of total cholesterol, ${\beta}-lipoprotein$ content and S-GOT activity in serum but the statistical probability was not significant.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.183-189
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• 1991

This study aimed to find out the effect of freeze-drying leek against cholesterol feeding rats on the cholesterol and lipid in serum, hemolysis in erythrocyte and blood pressure in rats tall. In this experiment, male rats of Wistar strain were used. The rats were divided into 3 groups in 8 weeks : basal diet, 1% cholesterol and 1% cholesterol and 1% leek. The followings are the results of this experiment. 1. In vitro, leek-ext, reduced the hemolysis. 2. Leek reduced VLDL, LDL/HDL-cholesterol in serum. 3. Leek reduced the blood pressure in rat's tail. 4. Leek reduced the fatty change in liver caused by cholesterol treatment. This experiment showed that leek-addition group had portective effect against cholesterol fed and decresed VLDL, LDL/HDL-cholesterol in serum, Leek alleviated hemolysis in erythrocyte, blood pressure in rat's tail and fatty change in liver. Therefore, this experiment concluded that leek has defensive power against cholesterol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.625-631
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• 1999

A study was carried out to investigate the effects of safflower seed powder on the improvement of lipid metabolism in high fat and high cholesterol fed rats. Male Sprague Dawley rats of 10 weeks old, weighing 325$\pm$5g, were divided into two groups; the control group(C group, high fat(10% lard) and high cholesterol(1% cholesterol)) and safflower seed group(S group, 10% safflower seed powder), they were fed experimental diets for 6 weeks. Food intake, body weight gains and organ weight had little differences between the groups. Concentration of lipoprotein in serum was remarkably lower in S group than in C group. Serum cholesterol levels were significantly lower in S group(72.94$\pm$4.08 mg/dl) than in C group(89.41$\pm$4.19mg/dl). The level of serum HDL cholesterol was higher in S group than in C group. The level of serum LDL C was significantly lower in S group than in C group. The ratio of HDL cholesterol to total cholesterol were higher in the S group than in the C group, too. The value of atherogenic index(AI) was determined to be low in S group. The content of liver triglyceride and cholesterol in the S group was lower than that of C group. ACAT activities which involves in cholesterol esterification in liver, was not significantly different between two groups.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.93-95
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• 1970

In this study, total cholesterol was determined in three kinds of Korean snake wine (50V% alcohol extracts of Salmo-Sa, Dok-Sa and Nung-Sa) by Zak's method and was discussed as follows: 1. The snake wines extracted from snakes after winter sleeping were lower content of cholesterol than those extracted from snakes before winter sleeping. 2. The higher content of original snake's lipid was, the higher content of cholesterol isolated into snake wines.

• 한국유가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.61-74
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• 2003

담즙산은 cholesterol의 대사산물로 체내에서 cholesterol을 제거하는 주경로로서, 체내 cholesterol 대사를 조절하는 중요한 수단이다. 최근에 복합담즙산 분해활력이 높은 L. acidophilus에 의한 혈중 cholesterol 저하효과에 관한 많은 연구들이 보고되고 있으며, 이것은 복합담즙산의 분해로 생성되는 유리 담즙산의 분 배출 증가와 장내 cholesterol 흡수에 필요한 복합 micelle 형성의 방해에 의한 것으로 알려져 있다. 즉, 유리 담즙산은 장내에서 복합담즙산보다 용해성이 낮아서 흡수되지 않고 분으로 배출되기 쉬워, 간에서는 분으로 배출된 양만큼의 부족한 복합담즙산을 보충하기 위해 cholesterol을 이용하여 새로운 복합담즙산을 생성하기 때문에 결국은 체내의 혈중cholesterol 수준을 감소시키는 것으로 생각된다. 또한 담즙으로 분비되는 복합담즙산은 소장내에서 cholesterol의 용해 흡수에 도움을 주지만 유리 담즙산은 cholesterol 용해성이 낮기 때문에, 장내 cholesterol 흡수에 영향을 미치는 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.14-19
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• 1976

Influence of deer horn on serum cholesterol level as well as growth rate of experimental cholesterol-fed rabbit were observed. The cholesterol level rose progressively in all cholesterol-fed rabbit and only after 17th day of experiment, cholesterol-level in animal treated with deer horn significantly increased at much lower rate than control group. Above results suggested that deer horn might decrease the abnormally elevated serum cholesterol.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 1982

The study was designed to observe the effects of dietary intake of three different levels of polyunsaturated to saturated fatty acid (P/S) ratio on plasma HDL - cholesterol and triglyceride in plasma and tissues of adult rats. Rats were assigned into the three diet groups, composed of protein 24%, carbohydrate 46%, and fat 30% of total caloric intake. However, the P/S ratio of fat was adjusted by using beef tallow, corn oil and perilla oil to give 0.2, 1.1 and 6.0. All groups were fed ad libitum for 4 week. Plasma cholesterol level was decreased but net significantly with increasing P/S ratio of dietary fat, and showed significant negative correlation coefficient. Plasma TG level was also decreased with increasing PUFA level of dietary fat. However, the effect of P/S ratio (6.0) was not greater than that of P/S ratio (1.1) on plasma TG concentration. This implied that high level of PUFA was not required to change plasma TG level as much in the case of HDL-cholesterol. Plasma HDL-cholesterol was significantly increased only in the group of P/S ratio 6.0 which suggested that high level of dietary PUFA was required to increase HDL level. There was a decreasing trend in the levels of total cholesterol and TG per g liver with increasing P/S ratio of dietary fat. There was no effect in the levels of TG per g skeletal muscle by P/S ratio but the level of cholesterol per unit skeletal muscle was rather increased with increased P/S ratio.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-25
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• 2004

High concentration of cholesterol in the blood streams of humans has been recognized as a risk factor in the coronary heart disease. Recently, lactobacilli having high bile salt hydrolase activity have been claimed to decrease the concentration of the blood stream cholesterol in humans. In particular, many studies have been reported on the hypocholesterolemic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus, a normal component of the microflora of the small intestine. Bile salts are excreted as bile into duodenum in the form of N-acyl compounds conjugated with glyine or taurine. Bile excretion is the major route of eliminating cholesterol from the body as well as one of the important pathways of cholesterol metabolism. Since conjugated bile salts are necessary to emulsify cholesterol, deconjugation of bile salts by lactobacilli could decrease intestinal absorption of cholesterol. Free bile salts as well as cholesterol are less soluble than the conjugated bile salts. Therefore, few free bile salts and cholesterol are absorbed through the enterohepatic circulation and most of them are easily excreted via feces. Thus, serum cholesterol could be removed from the body pool by synthesizing new conjugated bile salts to replace the excreted ones.