• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.37-43
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of peer tutoring and feedback on academic learning in university mathematics. We compared subject satisfaction and academic achievement between the test group and the control group. We classified the test group(82 participants) and the control group(134 non-participants) and then applied peer tutoring and feedback to the test group. The rest of the environment was the same except for participation in the program. According to results, it was confirmed that the subject satisfaction were significantly higher(significance level .05) in the test group, where the subject satisfaction were learning objectives and expectation, learning satisfaction, and learning effect. Furthermore, in the change of academic achievement, the rate of decrease was lower and the rate of increase was higher in the test group than the control group. The satisfaction of participants was 4.33(Likert scale 5), and this trend tended to be same regardless of gender, high school course, or admission process.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.59-66
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• 2006

A Certification Authority issues X.509 public key certificates to bind a public key to a subject. The subject is specified through one or more subject names in the 'subject' or 'subjectAltName' fields of a certificate. In reality, however, there are individuals that have the same or similar names. This ambiguity can be resolved by including a 'permanent identifier' in all certificates issued to the same subject, which is unique across multiple CAs. But, a person's unique identifier is regarded as a sensitive personal data. Such an identifier cannot simply be included as part of the subject field, since its disclosure may lead to misuse. We present a new method for secure and accurate user authentication through the PEPSI included in the standard certificate extension of a X.509 certificate. The PEPSI can be served not only for user authentication but also for the user anonymity without divulging personal information.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.19 no.2 s.33
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• pp.30-45
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• 2006

Analyzed the subject of ‘To heart' meridian system(向心服系), and 'Circulating' meridian system(備環服系), and considered relativity between the circulating pattern of the channels, the collaterals and the circulating distinction YoungGi (營氣), WiGi(衛氣). The subject of 'To heart' meridian system is WiGi, and this system is similiar to the moving pattern of the fifteen major collaterals(十五絡服). The subject of 'Circulating' meridian system is YoungGi, and this system is same with the moving pattern of the twelve regular channels(十二經脈). YoungGi and WiGi have the same origin, and they are intrinsic one thing with functional ambivalency. It is WiGi, the subject of the movement of Collateral, because it is identical the moving pattern of Collaterals(絡服) and that of WiGi as the subject of the movement of Collateral. It is YoungGi, the subject of movement of Channel because it is identical the moving pattern of Channels(經服) and that of YoungGi. It can be defined that Wigi as the subject of the movement of Collateral, also YoungGi as the subject of movement of Channel, but that is from i 염 function and action, there's no need to be separated within the framework of going through Meridian. YoungSuBosa(迎隨補鴻) in acupuncture, defines its basis not only on the moving direction of YoungGi, but on combinated difference between the directions, moments, and sex. Until now it is under discussion the rights and wrongs, It's not contradictory concept between two basis of YoungSuBoSa, from the thought the distinct movement of WiGi and the circulation pattern of Collaterals have no specified directions.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.291-311
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• 2015

This paper demonstrates the comparative analysis of the similarity and difference between Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and social tags. Both types of metadata have the same purpose - that is, succinctly abstracting content of a given document - but are created from heterogeneous viewpoints. The former MeSH terms show the aspects of publication related professionals, whereas the latter social tags are from the perspectives of general readers. When both types of metadata are assigned to the same publications, do they consist of different nomenclatures reflecting the heterogeneous viewpoints or are they similar, since both metadata types describe the same publications? Social tags are also compared with family terms of MeSH terms in the given MeSH hierarchy, so as to understand the specificity of social tags, related to MeSH terms. Lastly, given the fact that readers assign social tags in casual ways without any restricted vocabulary, we tested how many social tags contain consumer health terms, which are familiar to laypeople. Through these comparisons, we ultimately aim to examine how much the highly controlled publication index reflects general readers' cognitive understandings and stress the necessity of general readers' involvement in the publication indexing process.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

This study suggests an alternative to the conventional collaborative filtering method for predicting consumer choice, using case-based reasoning. The algorithm of case-based reasoning determines the similarity between the alternative sets that each subject chooses. Case-based reasoning uses the inverse of the normalized Euclidian distance as a similarity measurement. This normalized distance is calculated by the ratio of difference between each attribute level relative to the maximum range between the lowest and highest level. The alternative case-based reasoning based on similarity predicts a target subject's choice by applying the utility values of the subjects most similar to the target subject to calculate the utility of the profiles that the target subject chooses. This approach assumes that subjects who deliberate in a similar alternative set may have similar preferences for each attribute level in decision making. The result shows the similarity between comparable alternatives the consumers consider buying is a significant factor to predict the consumer choice. Also the interaction effect has a positive influence on the predictive accuracy. This implies the consumers who looked into the same alternatives can probably pick up the same product at the end. The suggested alternative requires fewer predictors than conjoint analysis for predicting customer choices.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.1083-1090
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• 2016

In clinical studies, different types of outcomes (e.g. repeated measures data and time-to-event data) for the same subject tend to be observed, and these data can be correlated. For example, a response variable of interest can be measured repeatedly over time on the same subject and at the same time, an event time representing a terminating event is also obtained. Joint modelling using a shared random effect is useful for analyzing these data. Inferences based on marginal likelihood may involve the evaluation of analytically intractable integrations over the random-effect distributions. In this paper we propose a joint HGLM approach for analyzing such outcomes using the HGLM (hierarchical generalized linear model) method based on h-likelihood (i.e. hierarchical likelihood), which avoids these integration itself. The proposed method has been demonstrated using various numerical studies.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• no.4
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• pp.53-84
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• 1998

The purposes of the present study were to give the new direction of teaching English based on the 7th English curriculum, and to show some useful insights on English teaching in the 21st century. The 7th English curriculum was developed in two parts: as a required subject and as an elective subject. As a required subject, the English curriculum applies to the third grade of elementary school through to the first grade of high school. The elective subject of the English curriculum applies to the second and third grades of high school. In the 7th curriculum reform, a proficiency-based language program will be applied in the form of intensive and supplementary courses at the same levels irrespective of differences based on students' abilities, schools and regions. Linguistic functions, communicative functions, subject matters are included in the content area in language organization. Limiting the length of sentences is applied at elementary school only and is not applied at higher levels.

• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.575-585
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• 2016

Longitudinal studies repeatedly measure outcomes over time. Therefore, repeated measurements are serially correlated from same subject (within-subject variation) and there is also variation between subjects (between-subject variation). The serial correlation and the between-subject variation must be taken into account to make proper inference on covariate effects (Diggle et al., 2002). However, estimation of the covariance matrix is challenging because of many parameters and positive definiteness of the matrix. To overcome these limitations, we propose autoregressive moving average Cholesky decomposition (ARMACD) for the linear mixed models. The ARMACD allows a class of flexible, nonstationary, and heteroscedastic models that exploits the structure allowed by combining the AR and MA modeling of the random effects covariance matrix. We analyze a real dataset to illustrate our proposed methods.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Environmental Edudation Conference
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.48-55
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• 2004

In Korea almost all subjects in school teach environmental education. In such situation it is difficult that the environmental subject as a regular stand-alone subject for environmental education establishes its own individuality. In many cases it and the other subjects teach identical contents with the nearly same methods. Such redundancy could make students lose their interest in the topics that were already taught by other subject. And the environmental subject and the other subjects might compete with one another rather than cooperate. To avoid such negative effects we need to partition their roles. For example, the other subjects focus on teaching their own knowledge and skills related to environmental problems. And the environmental subject focuses on encouraging students to possess environmental attitude and to participate in environmental activities. Above all, the environmental subject needs to teach the social nature of environmental problems and the social process through which we make a decision on the problems. It should let students experience highly integrated process of environmental decision. In order to establish the individuality of the environmental subject I discussed its goals and contents. I hope that the related persons in all the subjects start to deeply discuss the partitioning of roles, with open mind, in order to effectively achieve the goal of environmental education in school.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.14-23
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• 2009

This study is to analyze the regional differences of sensibility image of wedding dress design for single women of marriageable age in Ulsan and Seoul. The conclusions of this study were as follows. In silhouette, both of two regions were not significant differences but within the same sensibility image there was a bit of differences. In neckline, reminded sweetheart of pure image, yet those of Ulsan reminded sweetheart of feminine image. Both of two regions reminded V of hard image, boat of feminine image, square of hard image, halter of complex image. But within the same sensibility image there was a bit of differences between two regions. Oval was significant differences between two regions. Subject of Ulsan reminded oval of mature image, yet those of Seoul reminded oval of elegance image. It was reminded ruffle of complex image. Subject of Ulsan reminded china of hard image, yet those of Seoul reminded china of calm image. In material, it was not significant differences between two regions, but within the same sensibility image there was a bit of differences between two regions. In detail, subject of Ulsan reminded ruffle of messy image, yet those of Seoul reminded ruffle of complex image. Both of two areas reminded ribbon of pure image, button of pure image. Subject of Ulsan reminded beads of feminine image, yet those of Seoul reminded beads of pure image. In conclusion, it could be said that there was no major differences in sensibility image for wedding dress design between Ulsan and Seoul.