• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-29
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• 2019

This study examined sanitary education and performance of sanitary management among employees related to cooking in school food services in Sejong. A total of 193 subjects (19.2% for kindergarten, 42.5% for elementary school, and 38.3% for middle and high school) participated in this questionnaire survey. The frequency of sanitary education was highest at 63.7% once a month, and it was higher in the order of middle and high school, elementary school, and kindergarten (P<0.001). The most important contents of sanitary education were personal sanitary management (43.5%), food material management (25.9%), and sanitary and safety management of equipment and utensils (17.6%). The necessity of sanitary education recognized by the subjects was absolutely necessary at 69.9% and necessary at 28.0%. The application of knowledge from sanitary education is high in proper application at 50.8% and absolute application at 40.4%. The improvement effect after sanitary education was higher in kindergarten than in elementary school and middle and high school (P<0.01). The performance of sanitary management was high at 4.7 out of 5. In particular, personal sanitary management was the highest in elementary school at 4.8 followed in order by middle and high school (4.7) and kindergarten (4.6) (P<0.01). The necessity of sanitary education and the application of knowledge obtained from sanitary education to the food service showed a significant and positive correlation with the sanitary management performance (P<0.05, P<0.001). These results highlight that the need for customized sanitary education for institution types and an awareness of sanitary education by employees will enhance sanitary management in school food service.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권1호통권97호
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the perceived importance of kitchen equipment and facilities on the hygienic performance of cooks in deluxe hotels. Cooks and chefs at 7 different deluxe hotels participated in this study. Out of 490 questionnaires administered, 456 (93.1%) were completed and 419 (91.9%) were analyzed using a statistical package SPSS 12.0. The results were as follows. First, the correlation between sanitary equipment, including HACCP system, in the hotel kitchens and the hygienic management performance confirmed the significant effect of the sanitary equipment on the performance of the cooks and chefs. Second, the sanitary facilities in the hotel kitchens greatly affected the hygienic management performance. The results also demonstrated that the sanitary equipment provided the same contribution to the performance irrespective of the job level, management type and HACCP practice. However, the sanitary facilities greatly affected the management type expecially the chain hotels. The hygienic management performance did not affect the cooking stage (before-cooking and during-cooking), but affected the after-cooking stage according to the management type and the HACCP practice, but not the job level.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권10호
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• pp.1653-1662
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• 2021

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of insoluble cellulose supplementation to diets on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, the incidence of diarrhea, nutrients digestibility, and inflammatory responses in altering environmental conditions of animals housing. Methods: A total of 108 male pigs (Duroc×[Yorkshire×Landrace]) were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments (cellulose 0%, 1%, 2%) and two environmental conditions (good sanitary condition vs. poor sanitary condition) to give 6 replicate pens per treatment with three pigs per each pen at 14 days post-weaning. Results: Pigs were in good sanitary condition had higher average daily gain (p<0.01) and improved feed efficiency (p<0.05) from day 1 to 14 after weaning compared to their counterparts. The interactions were found between environmental conditions and dietary treatments (day 7: crypt depth [p<0.01], villous height to crypt depth [p<0.001]; day 14: crypt depth [p<0.001], villous to crypt ratio [p<0.01]) in ileum morphology. Crypt depth was decreased (p<0.05), and villous to crypt ratio was increased (p<0.05) only in poor sanitary conditions. Pigs exposed to the good sanitary condition had higher (p<0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (day 7, gross energy; day 14, dry matter), apparent total tract digestibility (day 14, dry matter and crude protein) compared to pigs housed in the poor sanitary condition. Meanwhile, pigs fed a diet supplemented with 2% cellulose had decreased (p<0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (day 7, dry matter; day 14, crude protein), apparent total tract digestibility (day 7, dry matter; day 14, crude protein, gross energy) compared to pigs fed a diet supplemented with 0% or 1% cellulose. Conclusion: Our results indicated that a diet supplemented with 1% cellulose increased villous to crypt ratio, however feeding a diet containing cellulose (1% or 2%) impaired nutrient digestibility for 14 day after weaning in both good sanitary and poor sanitary conditions.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.30-35
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• 1995

In this research effect of physicochemical parameter on flocculation using PASS-100 were evaluated. pEt flocculant dosage, mixing intensity and detention time were adopted as experimental variables. The physicochemical parameter( p% mixing intensity and mixing time ) were important Parameter on flocculation performance. Effluent pH range for effective flocculation was 4.5-7. Optimum Gt$_{d}$ range was 20,000-30,000 and its range similar to alum flucculation. Rapid mixing was very important parameter to floe formation in PASS- 100 flocculation. Whereas, slow mixing did not affect to the removal efficiency at settling time for 30minute or more.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.13-21
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• 1997

The effect of upflow velocity on size distribution and activity of granular sludge was studied in laboratory-scale Expended Granular Sludge Bed(EGSB) reactor fed with non-fat dry milk and sucrose as sole carbon and energy source. High upflow velocity advanced size and activity of granular sludge by distribution and floatation of granular sludge. Therefore, the reactor operation of an apt upflow velocity was needed and an apt upflow velocity in this experimental was estimated to 1-10m/hr.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권7호
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• pp.1139-1147
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• 2013

본 연구는 학교급식소 조리종사원의 위생지식과 위생관리 수행도 간의 관계를 분석하기 위하여 수행되었다. 2011년 5월 13일부터 6월 10일까지 창원시 진해구에 소재하고 있는 초 중 고등학교 32개 학교의 조리종사원을 대상으로 300부의 설문지를 배부하여 총 276부가 회수(회수율 92%)되어 최종 분석에 사용되었다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 조리종사원의 위생지식의 평균 점수는 16.60점(20점 만점 기준)이었다. 조리사 자격증 유무(P<0.05), 학교형태(P<0.001), 일일 급식횟수(P<0.001)에 따라서는 위생지식이 차이를 보여 조리사 자격증이 있는 집단이 위생지식 수준이 높았으며, 고등학교의 위생지식 수준이 초 중학교의 위생지식 수준보다 높았고 하루 2 3식을 제공하는 학교가 1식 제공하는 학교보다 위생지식 수준이 높았다. 둘째, 전체 위생관리 수행도는 4.77점(5점 척도 기준)이었으며, 영역별로는 교차오염(4.88)> 배식관리(4.83)> 채소소독관리(4.81)> 세척관리(4.77)> 냉장 냉동관리(4.72)> 개인위생 관리(4.69)의 순으로 나타났다. 그리고 조리사 자격증 소지 여부(P<0.05), 1일 학생 급식인원수(P<0.001), 일일 급식횟수(P<0.05)가 전체 위생 관리 수행도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 분석되었다. 즉 조리사 자격증을 소지한 집단이 미소지 집단보다 위생관리 수행도가 높았으며, 1일 학생 급식인원수 701~1,100명인 집단이 700명 이하인 집단보다 수행도가 높았고, 1일 급식회수가 2 3식인 집단이 하루 1식을 제공하는 집단보다 수행도가 높았다. 셋째, 위생지식과 위생관리 수행도의 관계 분석 결과 우선 위생지식 점수 수준이 높은 집단의 위생관리 수행도가 평균 4.85로 나타나 위생지식 점수 수준이 낮은 집단(4.66)에 비해 위생관리 수행도가 더 높음을 알 수 있었다(P<0.001). 또한 위생지식은 위생관리 수행도와 정적인 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타나 위생지식이 높은 조리종사원이 위생관리 수행도가 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위해 회귀분석을 실시한 결과 회귀모형의 설명력은 17.6%로 회귀식은 통계적으로 유의한 것으로 분석되어(P<0.001) 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 즉 학교급식 조리종사원의 위생지식이 높을수록 위생관리 수행도가 높아지는 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 근거로 하여 다음과 같은 제언을 하고자 한다. 첫째, 조리사 자격증이 있는 경우와 일일 배식횟수가 2 3식인 조리종사원의 위생지식이 높게 나타났으므로 조리사 자격증이 없는 경우와 배식횟수 1식인 종사원에 대한 교육이 좀 더 집중적으로 이루어져야 할 것이다. 둘째, 급식위생에 있어 제일 중요하다고 강조한 개인위생 영역이 다른 영역보다 수행도가 낮게 나타났으므로 향후 경남지역 학교급식 조리종사원 대상 위생교육 시 개인위생에 대한 비중을 높여야 할 것이다. 셋째, 조리사 자격증이 없으며, 학생수가 적고 일일 배식횟수가 적을수록 위생관리 수행도가 낮게 조사되었으므로 이들을 위한 반복적인 위생교육이 이루어져야 할 것이며, 동시에 심도 있는 연구를 통해 낮은 수행도의 원인을 밝혀 개선시켜야 할 것이다. 넷째, 위생지식이 위생관리 수행도에 영향 미치는 것이 밝혀졌으므로 향후 지속적이고 반복적인 위생교육의 실시를 통하여 학교급식 조리종사자의 위생지식 수준의 향상이 이루어질 때 궁극적으로 위생관리 수행도의 향상을 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 급식외식위생학회지
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.97-102
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of developing and continuously providing on-line hygiene education programs on the improvement of hygiene conditions in children's cafeterias. As a result of the 2020 sanitation and safety checklist analysis, 6 items (personal hygiene, separate use, clean ventilation, temperature control of refrigerators, country of origin, food distribution) were derived and on-line hygiene education programs for each of 6 items were produced. ① Customized educational materials and self-inspection checklists were provided to 208 children's cafeterias. After that, educational videos were provided through Kakao Talk twice a week for 6 months, and they were made available for viewing at any time through YouTube upload, ③ Kakao Talk Through this, a quiz related to the educational video was conducted to give feedback for interaction with the cook. As a result of analyzing the total hygiene and safety checklist score of all registered facility catering centers by visit order, in 2020 it was 82.8 points/100 points, but in 2021, it was 84.2 points (1st round), 89.3 points (2nd round), 91.4 points (3 points) The score improved significantly (p<0.001) as the on-line hygiene education program continued. As a result, significant (p<0.001) changes were observed in the items of 'Knife, chopping board' and 'Sanitation clothes, sanitary hat, sanitary shoes, apron, and sanitary gloves', confirming a clear improvement effect. Therefore, it is considered that the on-line hygiene education program will play a positive role in showing a lasting effect on improving hygiene management in children's cafeterias.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

To estimate the inhibitory effect of some mushroom extract on melanin biosynthesis, we tested its inhibitory effects of five mushroom extracts on tyrosinase promoter in Bl6 mouse melanoma cells. In five mushroom extracts, Cordyceps militaris and Poria cocos exhibited low repression effect on tyrosinase promoter. However, Ganoderma lucidum, Paecilomyces japonicus, Phellinus linteus showed high repression effect, Especially, Paecilomyces japonicus and Phellinus linteus extracts had very higher repression effect approximately $81{\sim}83%\;at\;100{\mu}g/mL$. In the MTT assay, Paecilomyces japonicus and Phellinus linteus extracts exhibited high cytotoxicity. Therefore, repression effect of the extracts were closely connected with cytotoxicity.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.44-51
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• 2006

To estimate the inhibitory effect of Rubus coreanum extract on melanin biosynthesis, we tested its inhibitory effects on tyrosinase promoter in B16 mouse melanoma cells. Rubus coreanum extract by methanol had inhibitory effect approximately 10% on tyrosinase promoter at $100{\mu}g/mL$. In the MTT assay, the same extract exhibited very low cytotoxicity under $100{\mu}g/mL$. The fractions of methylene chloride, butyl alcohol and water did not showed the inhibitory effect on tyrosinase promoter, but the fraction of ethyl acetate exhibited inhibitory effect approximately 11% at $100{\mu}g/mL$.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the removal effect and variation of contaminated water by various water treatment processes using sediment filter, activated carbon, photocatalysis, reverse osmosis, ultra violet sterilizer and ultra filtration. The removal effect of chloride and trace metal was low by activated carbon and ultra filter but high in reverse osmosis. The removal effect of bacteria and E. coli was low by activated carbon and membrane filter system using activated carbon but high in impregnated activated carbon. The removal effect of TCE was low in sand and ultra filter system as compared with activated carbon. Ultra filtration process was effective for purify agricultural water without E.coli. Reverse osmosis was effective to remove heavy metal and activated carbon was effective to remove halogenated organic chemical compound. The flux and the removal effect of COD in spiral wound ultrafilter were higher than the hollow fiber ultrafilter.