• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1286-1295
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• 2020

It has been increasingly difficult to predict the amounts of Acer mono sap to be collected due to droughts and cold waves caused by recent climate changes with few studies conducted on the prediction of its collection volume. This study thus set out to propose a Big Data prediction system based on meteorological information for the collection of Acer mono sap. The proposed system would analyze collected data and provide managers with a statistical chart of prediction values regarding climate factors to affect the amounts of Acer mono sap to be collected, thus enabling efficient work. It was designed based on Hadoop for data collection, treatment and analysis. The study also analyzed and proposed an optimal prediction model for climate conditions to influence the volume of Acer mono sap to be collected by applying a multiple regression analysis model based on Hadoop and Mahout.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Maple tree is a useful medical plant for obtaining bioactive materials such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food additive, etc., and there are 16 species of native maple trees in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of sap and crude extracts of Acer mono Max, a representative maple species. The crude extracts were obtained by solvent extraction (water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) from its branches (bark and xylem). The phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacities of the extracts and the sap were evaluated in terms of half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) and kinetics by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanol extracts showed the highest extraction yield, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, and bark extracts showed better antioxidant activity than xylem extracts. The antioxidant activity of the sap was very low, but the $EC_{50}$ of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 68 to $79{\mu}g/mL$, similar to that ($60{\mu}g/mL$) of the control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The DPPH radical scavenging rate ($220{\sim}760{\mu}M/min$) and the second-order reaction rate constant ($6.48{\sim}7.04L/g{\cdot}min$) of these extracts were better than those of BHT ($55{\sim}370{\mu}M/min$ and $3.60L/g{\cdot}min$). These results suggest that A. mono Max. is one of the useful bioresources for obtaining antioxidant biologically active substances, and it is possible to obtain physiologically active substances from by-product of its pruning while minimizing the effect on the growth of the tree.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.3
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• pp.391-403
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• 1998

The study was carried out to devise a proper measure to increase the income of mountain villagers by producing sap water of Acer mono, and to make the most of sap water as local specialty to contribute to the local economy of mountain villages. All the processes from collecting to marketing of sap water of Acer mono was investigated. The survey was done from mid-January to mid-February in the 3 major sap water collecting regions, Toji-myon Kurey-gun(Piagol area of Mt. Chiri), Okryong-myon Kwangyang city(Mt. Baekun), and Jookhack-ri Sunchon(Mt. Chokey). A total of 90 householders who collect sap water, to say again, 30 householders in each region, were interviewed personally to make up questionnaires. The habitual or general practices about collecting sap water, the selling price, the sales process, labor power to collect and carry down, carrying distance and facilities, sales income and side income, and family income were investigated and examined. Spots of collecting sap water were not concentrated but scattered all over the collecting area. Collecting method, collecting amount, sales process, and selling price varied with the village and region. Sap water was collected by tapping or boring method, the latter of which was widely used in lots of regions except in Sunchon. Although the amount of sap production per family varied with region, the average amount was about 1,350 liters. Of all the sap water collected, 44% was consumed by drinking of on-the-spot visitors and 36% was sold by order, etc. Sap water was sold at the price varying from 10,000 won to 60,000 won per 18 liters. The average selling price was 41,000 won, but selling prices of 43,000 won and 45,000 wan amounted to 38% and 25%, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.262-267
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to research for anti-oxidation and anti-wrinkle effects of Acar mono Sap (AM). To cosmetic effect of AM, safety effect (MTT assay), anti-wrinkle effect (elastase, MMP-1 inhibition assay) and anti-oxidant effect (DPPH assay) were measured. When water extract of AM was used for cell viability, it was over 100% at 6% (6 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration. AM showed 45.7% elastase inhibition and 23.7% MMP-1 inhibition at 50% (50 ml/100 ml in phosphate buffer) concentration so that it had good anti-wrinkle characteristic. And AM showed 68.9% antioxidation capacity at 50% concentration by using a DPPH assay. Consequently, AM can be used as natural materials or additives for human skin owing to their beneficial biologic functions, including the anti-wrinkle effect, for cosmetic compositions.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.87 no.4
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• pp.510-518
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the drinking patterns of sap water of Acer mono by on-the-spot visitors. The survey was done from late-February to mid-March in the 3 major sap water tapping regions, such as Piagol of Mt. Chiri in Kurey, Okryong of Mt. Baekun in Kwangyang, and Mt. Chokey in Sunchon, Chonnam. A total of 300 visitors over 20 years old, 100 visitors in each region, were interviewed personally to make up questionnaires, irrespective of sex. The purpose of drinking, the frequency of visit, the modes of traffic, the length of stay, drinking amount per person, one's opinions after drinking, drinking plans and patterns, and intention of drinking processed sap were investigated and examined. Wide range of age groups from twenties to sixties drank sap water. Visitors drank sap water in order to keep health, to promote mutual friendship, and so on. 44% of sap drinkers visited for the first time, and 71% visited by private automobiles holding the first place. 59.7% of visitors spent only a day, but 40.3% passed one or two nights to drink sap water. For drinking amount of sap water, $3-6{\ell}$ a was consumed by 31.3% of visitors, under $3{\ell}$ or $9-12{\ell}$ by 22.7% $6-9{\ell}$ by 12.7% and so forth. 74% of visitors felt sap water sweet and favorable, but were doubtful about the efficacy of sap water. 79.0% of visitors had a plan to drink sap water again next year, 40% of whom preferred a day's visit to overnight staying (29%) or 3 days' staying (6%). 45% answered to plan to drink sap water with having meals, and 43% with having meals and passing a night. More than half (54.3%) of the visitors were inclined not to drink processed sap water for the reasons of unreliable quality, unwillingness for process, change in quality, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.691-695
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• 2008

The study was carried out to evaluate the antimutagenic effects in methanol extracts of Korean soybean paste (doenjang) added with various kinds of water (germanium water, painted maple sap) or salt (sun-dried salt, roasted salt, one time bamboo roasted salt, nine times bamboo roasted salt). Methanol extracts of germanium water doenjang (Ge-D) and painted maple sap (Acer mono Max) doenjang (PM-D) exhibited significant inhibitory activity ($56{\sim}62%$) against aflatoxin $B_1$ ($AFB_1$) by adding of 1 mg/plate in Ames test. Also, methanol extracts of Ge-D and PM-D showed stronger antimutagenic activity toward N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in SOS chromotest than traditional doenjang (TD). Methanol extracts of doenjang made with four kinds of salt revealed antimutagenic activity toward MNNG; especially, doenjang extracts using one-time bamboo roasted salt (B1-D) showed 94% inhibition at the concentration of 5 mg/plate. Methanol extracts of B1-D also had the strongest inhibitory effect against MNNG of doenjang made with different salts in SOS chromotest. As the results indicate, the various kinds of water and salt have had separate effects on the antimutagenic activity of doenjang; therefore, further research on various physiological functions of water or salt added traditional doenjang is needed.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.318-326
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• 2006

Soy sauce was prepared with the addition of Gorosoe and Kojesu saps instead of tap water to make ordinary soy sauce, respectively. The changes of free sugar, organic acid, mineral, amino acid and nucleotides and other compounds during the fermentation of soy sauce were assessed. The free sugar were found to be fructose, glucose, galactose and sucrose in soy sauce of saps but sucrose was not detected in ordinary soy sauce. Galactose contents were dominant free sugar in all samples. The contents of butyric acid were dominant among 7 kinds of organic acid while fumaric acid was trace amount during the fermentation of soy sauce. The contents of potassium and phosphorus among 13 kinds of minerals were dominant during the fermentation of soy sauce. In the amino acid composition of soy sauce, dominant amino acid was glutamic acid(185.6${\pm}$1.0 mg/100 ml above), but proline and arginine were not detected. AMP detected above 7.5${\pm}$O.2 ${\mu}$mol/100 ml was dominant while inosine was not detected during the fermentation of soy sauce. The results of sensory evaluation in the fermented soy sauce of Gorosoe was 'liked more' than that of soy sauce of Kojesu and control.