• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1998

This study investigated the effect of regular exercise on serum lipid profiles and carnitine levels in college students. Daily nutrient intake, anthropometry , serum lipid, and carnitine profiles in serum and urine were evaluated prior to beginning the study and after 35 days of treadmill running for 30 minutes per day. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1) Concentrations of total lipid and Triglyceride in serum were decreased by regular exercise in female subjects but unaffected in males. 2) Serum LDL-cholesterol was significantly decreased, but total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol in serum were not affected in both male and female subjects. 3) nonesterified carnitinem, acid-insoluble acylcarnitine, and total carnitine levels in serum were not affected, but acid-soluble acylcarnitine level was increased by regular exercise in both subjects. 4) Urinary excretionof the acid-soluble acylcarnitine level was increased by regular exercise -training. These results suggest that regular exercise -training has different effects on serum lipid oxidation via carnitine metabolism in this condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.149-155
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlations among bone mineral density(BMD), serum lipid levels, and cognitive function in the elderly with dementia. Methods : We recruited seventy elderly with dementia(men=35, women=35) to participate in the Korean mini mental state examination(K-MMSE). Their T-scores and serum lipid levels were analyzed for correlation analysis. Results : The results of this study showed that there are significant correlations between cognitive function and three factors BMD, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) level, and total cholesterol(TC) level. The cognitive function scores increased proportionally with BMD but were inversely proportional to LDL-C and TC levels. There were no significant relations among cognitive function, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) level, and triglyceride(TG) level. Conclusion : These results indicate that there is a direct proportionality between cognitive function and BMD and inverse proportionalities between cognitive function and LDL-C level and between cognitive function and TC level. Therefore, these levels can be indices for preventing and predicting dementia.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.9
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• pp.771-779
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate the effect of dietary $\beta$-carotene supplementation on lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzyme activities in hyperlipidemic rats. Fifty Sprague-Dawley male rats aging 7 weeks were fed the control diet (CD,5% corn oil) and the high fat diet (HFD,15% beef tallow +1% cholesterol) for 4 weeks and then 0.02% $\beta$-carotene was supplemented to CD and HFD group for 8 more weeks. Serum lipid compositions, lipid peroxides and antioxidative enzymes in liver were analyzed at 4, 8 and 12week of the experiment. Serum levels of total lipid, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol were higher in HFD groups than in CD groups (p < 0.001), Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol were higher in CD groups than in HFD groups (p < 0.01) . The effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation was not significant in all groups but tended to be lower in total lipid, total cholesterol and Triglyceride. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels in plasma and liver were showed significantly higher in HFD groups (p < 0.001, p < 0.05). The effects of $\beta$-carotene supplementation on the level of plasma and liver TBARS were not found except HFD groups at 12 week. Liver conjugated diene levels in HFD groups were higher than in CD groups (p < 0.01), but the effect of $\beta$-carotene supplementation did not show any differences. Liver lipofuscin levels were not significantly different among all groups. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase were significantly lower in HFD groups at 8 week (p < 0.001) but were not significantly different at 4 and 12week. The activity of SOD in $\beta$-carotene supplemented HFD group was significantly higher at 8 week (p < 0.01). Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was significantly lower in HFD groups (p < 0.01) and was significantly increased in groups supplemented $\beta$-carotene (p < 0.05). It is suggested that $\beta$-carotene supplementation partly decreases the serum lipid and lipid peroxide levels and increases the activities of antioxidant enzymes in hyperlipidemic rats.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.102-107
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• 2005

In this study, the ameliorating effect of soybean embryos on the impact of alcohol consumption was investigated on rat hepatocytes and in reducing total serum cholesterol levels and total serum lipid levels. Liver histology and two clinically important enzyme markers, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), of rats administered with both alcohol and soybean embryo were compared with a control group. The treatment regimen of soybean embryo significantly reduced the serum ALT and AST levels of the subjects, demonstrating the hepato-protective effects of soybean embryo. Electron microscopy indicated that the administration of soybean embryo preserved the important hepatocyte structures and prevented the presence of lipid droplets and secondary lysosomes. Furthermore, total cholesterol and total lipid levels were significantly reduced. These results indicate that treatment with soybean embryo can positively mediate the effects of alcohol on hepatocytes and general liver functions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.253-261
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• 1984

The effect of fiber sources on lipid metabolism was investigated in relation to the level of dietary fat. After rats were fed each diet for 4 weeks, all animals were sacrificed to collect the liver, and blood samples by heart puncture. Total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipid and HDL- cholesterol were determined in serum. Total lipid and total cholesterol were also determined in liver. These results were compared with the histochemical appearances by the method of Oil red-O staining. Higher level of fat in the diet appeared to increase the total lipid levels in serum and more fat in the liver cells were shown from the high fat diet judging from the E.M. pictures. Phospholipid concentration in serum was greater in the rats of high fat groups than those of the control or non-fat groups. High fat level caused to decrease the HDL- cholesterol concentration in serum. Pectin decreased serum and liver lipids and the deposit of fat in the liver cells. HDL-cholesterol levels in serum was increased by pectin. Whereas the cellulose supplementation had no effect to reduce serum and liver total lipid levels, and cellulose did not decreased the deposit of fat in the liver cells. From these results, it is concluded that dietary fat levels led to changes in the lipid metabolism of rats and pectin may exhibit a lowering total lipid contents in serum and liver. Cellulose may slightly elevate serum and liver levels, or have no lowering effect.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.129-133
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• 1999

This study was designed to observe the effects of T-2 toxin on total cholesterol and lipid concentration in rat serum. T-2 toxin is a secondary metabolite produced by Fusarium sp. which is often found on agricultural products including cereals, and it is a causal material of liver injuries in cattle and humans. When we fed rats with standard diet treated with T-2 toxin, the body weight and feed consumption of rats treated T-2 toxin were decreased. As the results of lipid analysis, the concentrations of total cholesterol and free cholesterol in serum of treated rats were increased compared to non-fed control group, On the other hand, the levels of triglyceride and phospholipid in the serum of T-2 toxin treated experimental groups were declined. In conclusion, T-2 toxin largely influenced on the total cholesterol and lipid levels in rat serum.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.3-11
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• 1994

This study was carried out to examine how dietary protein and calcium levels in rats fed fat-enriched diet affect the total lipid and cholesterol contents of blood and tissues. Male Sprauge-Dawley rats weighing approximately 200g were fed six purified diets which contained 18%(w/w) beef tallow, 1% (w/w) cholesterol, two source of protein, casein or isolated soy protein (ISP) and three levels of dietary calcium, 0.1%, 0.4% and 1.0%, first, for four weeks, and second, for eight weeks. The contents of the total lipid, cholesterol and triglyceride in blood, liver, heart and feces were determined. After four weeks feeding serum lipid and cholesterol concentrations significantly decreased in rats fed 1.0% (w/w) level calcium, regardless of dietrary protein sources. After eight weeks, these concentrations were significantly lower in the rats fed soy protein than in casein-fed rats. As dietary calcium level increased serum and tissue lipid and cholesterol contents were decreased and fecal lipid excretion increased. It is concluded that hypolipidemic and/or hypocholesterolemic effects of soy protein and calcium were partly due to decrease in lipid absorption.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.2 s.30
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• pp.337-347
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• 1995

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pretreatment with Saegchinyanghyoltang(SYT) on the serum lipid composition and atherosclerotic index in streptozotocin(STZ)-induced diabetic rats. SYT pretreatment in STZ-induced diabetic rats inhibited the rise of serum glucose concentration. Serum total lipids and triglyceride levels in the STZ -induced diabetic rats were significantly higher than those in the control group. But in the group pretreated with SYT, triglyceride and lipid levels were significantly lower compared with those of STZ -induced diabetic rat group without STZ. However, the serum phospholipid levels were not statistically different among treatment groups. In the STZ-induced diabetic group, the serum total cholesterol, VLDL-, LDL-cholesterol levels and atherosclerotic index Were higher and HDL-cholesterol level was lower compared to the control group. However, these changes were prevented by SYT pretreatment Pretreatment with SYT significantly increased the activities of serum lipase compared to the STZ-treated group.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.34 no.8
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• pp.843-849
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the effect of n-3 fatty acids and dietary protein levels on renal function. Fifteen-month old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 diet groups. Two-month old rats were used as a control group. The experimental diets contained either a% or 25% casein and lipid levels of the diets were 20% by weight. For the control group, the lipid was composed of beef tallow and corn oil on a 1:1 basis, and fish oil was comprised 75% of the fat mixture for the fish oil group. Rats were fed the diets ad libitum for 8 weeks. GFR and urinary protein excretion were higher in high protein groups, while fish oil exhibited no effects. Renal medulla TXB$_2$and PGE$_2$ concentrations tended to be higher in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Light microscopic examinations showed that glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, tubular cast, interstitial inflammation and interstitial fibrosis fended to be higher in aged rats and in high protein groups and lower in fish oil groups. Serum levels of total lipid, triglyceride and total cholesterol were higher in aged rats and lower in fish oil groups while serum HDL-cholesterol level was higher in young rats and in fish oil groups. However, dietary protein level had no effect on serum lipid levels. Serum TBARS concentration was higher in aged rats and in fish oil groups. In conclusion, fish oil caused changes in serum lipid concentrations and eicosanoids metabolism. The effect of fish oil on renal function was less obvious than dietary protein. However, fish oil seemed to be effective in lessening deterioration of renal function due to aging and/or high protein diets through changes in lipid and eicosanoids metabolism.

• Korean Journal of Rural Living Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.125-134
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• 1994

This study was performed to observe the effects of dietary fat levels and sources on lipids contents and cellularities of liver, brain, and adipose tissue of early weaned rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were prematurely weaned from postnatal 17th day with the experimental diets differ in fat levels : low(5%), medium(10%), high(20%) and fat sources : butter, soybean oil, butter＋ soybean oil. On the postnatal 29th day, contents of total lipid, triglyceride, cholesterol and phospholipid of serum, liver, brain and adipose tissue were determined, and DNA was determined to assess the cell growth. Rats early weaned fed high fat diet showed lower total lipid and triglyceride levels in serum and liver than those fed medium or low fat diet Rats early weaned fed high fat diet had adipocytes of fewer number, but larger size than those of rats fed low or medium fat diets. Rats early weaned fed soybean oil diet had more adipocytes thu those fed butter diet. Rats normally weaned to commercial chow diet showed lower total lipid, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels in serum and liver, had fewer adipocytes than all early weaned rats except for rats fed high fat-butter diet. These results suggest that high fat-butter diet is ideal weaning diet at early weaning.