• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.343-350
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• 2001

The box system, composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs, are adopted by many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. In the buildings, one or more relatively large openings are cut in a shear wall for functional reasons. The openings influence the internal stress of the shear wall and also the structural behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to use subdivided plate elements for accurate analysis of the box system with openings. But it would cost tremendous amount of analysis time and computer memory if the shear wall is subdivided into a finer mesh in the analysis of high-rise buildings. So, it is difficult to apply this modeling method to practical procedure. In this study, an efficient method is proposed for the efficient and accurate analysis of shear wall with openings. The proposed method used the super element and matrix condensations, fictitious beam technique.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.365-380
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• 2002

Following a series of experiments on isolated low-rise RC shear walls with openings, a theoretical study on the backbone curve of a perforated shear wall shows that there are some important observations from experimental results that make clear a semi-empirical formula of the backbone curve of a perforated wall. Critical shear zones can be depicted from the configuration of shear walls with openings. Different factors, including the size and location of shear wall openings, the wall's height/width ratio, horizontal and vertical steel bar ratios, and location and amount of diagonal steel bars are involved in the derivation of the backbone curve. Bending and shear effects are also considered in the paper. In addition, a comparison of load and displacement for solid and perforated shear walls is discussed. Generally, the comparison between experimental curves and computed backbone curves is favorable.

• 한국지진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지진공학회 2003년도 춘계 학술발표회논문집
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• pp.329-336
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• 2003

The box system that is composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs are adopted on many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. And the framed structure with shear wall core that can effectively resist horizontal forces is frequently adopted for the structural system for high-rise building structures. In these structures, a shear wall may have one or more openings for functional reasons. It is necessary to use subdivided finite elements for accurate analysis of the shear wall with openings. But it would take significant amount of computational time and memory if the entire building structure is subdivided into a finer mesh. An efficient analysis method that can be used regardless of the number, size and location of openings is proposed in this study. The analysis method uses super element, substructure, matrix condensation technique and fictitious beam technique. Three-dimensional analyses of the box system and the framed structure with shear wall core having various types of openings were peformed to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. It was confirmed that the proposed method have outstanding accuracy with drastically reduced time and computer memory from the analyses of example structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.351-365
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• 2002

현재 국내에서는 벽체와 바닥판으로만 구성된 벽식 구조형식의 아파트 건물이 많이 사용되고 있다. 또한 청력에 대한 저항이 뛰어나기 때문에 전단벽 코어를 갖는 입체골조구조물이 고층 빌딩의 구조시스템으로 자주 이용된다. 기능적인 이유로 인해 이러한 구조물들의 전단벽에는 하나 또는 여러 개의 개구부가 발생하게 된다. 개구부가 있는 전단벽을 정확하게 해석하기 위해서는 여러 개의 유한요소를 사용하여 구조물을 세분모형화하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나, 전체 구조물을 유한요소로 세분하여 모형화하는 것은 막대한 해석시간과 컴퓨터 메모리를 소요하게 된다. 개구부의 수, 크기, 위치에 상관없이 적용할 수 있는 효율적인 해석기법이 본 논문에서 제안되었다. 제안된 해석기법에서는 슈퍼요소와 부분구조, 행렬응축, 가상보 등을 이용하였고 제안된 해석기법의 효율성을 검증하기 위해 벽식구조물과 전단벽 코어를 갖는 입체골조구조물의 3차원 해석이 수행되었다. 예제구조물의 해석을 통해 제안된 해석기법이 해석시간과 컴퓨터메모리를 크게 감소시키고, 정확한 해석결과를 얻을 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전산구조공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-10
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• 2001

The box system that is composed only of reinforced concrete walls and slabs are adopted on many high-rise apartment buildings recently constructed in Korea. And the framed structure with shear wall core that can effectively resist horizontal forces is frequently adopted for the structural system for high-rise building structures. In these structures, a shear wall may have one or more openings for functional reasons. It is necessary to use subdivided finite elements for accurate analysis of the shear wall with openings. But it would take tremendous amount of computational time and memory if the entire building structure is subdivided into a finer mesh . An efficient analysis method that can be used regardless of the number, size and location of openings is proposed in this study, The analysis method uses super element, substructure, matrix condensation technique and fictitious beam technique. Three-dimensional analyses of the box system and the framed structure with shear wall core having various types of openings were performed to verify the efficiency of the proposed method. It was confirmed that the proposed method have outstanding accuracy with drastically reduced time and computer memory from the analyses of example structures.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2002

현재 국내에서는 벽과 슬래브으로만 이루어진 벽식 구조형식의 아파트 건물이 많이 사용되고 있다. 아파트 건물의 전단벽에는 기능적인 필요에 의하여 한 개 혹은 여러 개의 개구부가 존재할 수 있다. 이러한 개구부가 있는 전단벽의 해석에 대해서 기존에 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔으나, 적용하는데 많은 해석시간과 컴퓨터 메모리가 필요하는 등 여러 가지 제한점 때문에 실제 해석 및 설계에는 별로 적용되지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 기존 연구의 제한점들을 개선하여 개구부 크기, 위치 및 개수에 관계없이 적용할 수 있는 해석 방법을 제안하였다. 개구부가 있는 전단벽을 정확하게 해석하기 위해서는 전단벽을 평면응력요소로 세분화하여 모형화하는 것이 필요하다. 그러나 아파트 건물 전체를 평면응력요소로 세분하여 모형화하는 것은 상당한 해석시간과 컴퓨터 메모리가 소요되므로 실무에 적용하기에는 어려운 점이 많다. 따라서, 본 논문에서는 이러한 단점을 개선하고자 슈퍼요소와 행렬응축기법, 그리고 가상보를 사용한 해석기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 해석기법의 효용성을 검증하기 위하여 다양한 크기와 위치의 개구부가 있는 예제구조물을 선택하여 정적 및 동적해석을 수행하였다. 예제해석 결과 제안된 해석기법은 소요되는 해석시간과 컴퓨터 메모리를 대폭 줄이면서도 세분모델과 비슷한 정확성을 가지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.361-373
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• 2018

This paper presents the development of finite element (FE) models to simulate the behavior of diagonally stiffened steel plate shear wall systems (SPSWs) with differently shaped openings subjected to a cyclic load. This walling system has the potential to be used for shear elements that resist lateral loads in steel-framed buildings. A number of $\text\tiny{^1/_2}$-scale one-story buildings that were un-stiffened, stiffened and stiffened with opening SPSWs are modeled and simulated using the finite element method based on experimental data from previous research. After validating the finite element (FE) models, the effects of infill plate thickness on the cyclic behavior of steel shear walls are investigated. Furthermore, triple diagonal stiffeners are added to the steel infill plates of the SPSWs, and the effects are studied. Moreover, the effects of a number of differently shaped openings applied to the infill plate are studied. The results indicate that the bearing capacity and shear resistance are affected positively by increasing the infill plate thickness and by adding triple diagonal stiffeners. In addition, the cyclic behavior of SPSWs is improved, even with an opening in the SPSWs.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제87권5호
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• pp.487-498
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• 2023

Unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings are extensively adopted in many of the growing nations, particularly in India. Window or door openings are required for architectural or functional reasons, which pose a threat to the building's safety. The past earthquakes have shown that the seismic capability of these structures was very weak. Strengthening these unreinforced masonry walls using welded wire mesh (WWM) is one of the most commonly and economical methods. The present experimental study investigates the impact of openings on the shear behaviour of URM walls and the effectiveness of WWM in enhancing the shear performance of masonry wall. In the experimental program 16 specimens were cast, 8 unstrengthen and 8 strengthened specimens, under 8 unstrengthen and strengthened specimens, every 2 specimens had 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% openings and all these walls were tested under diagonal compression. The results show that the shear carrying capacity reduces as the opening percentage increases. However, strengthening the URM specimens using WWM significantly improves the peak load, shear strength, ductility, stiffness, and energy dissipation. Furthermore, the strengthening of the URM walls using WWM compensated the loss of wall capacity caused by the presence of the openings.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2004년도 춘계 학술발표회 제16권1호
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• pp.244-247
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• 2004

This study proposes the design method of the shear walls with openings using strut-and-tie models. Strut-and-tie models are constructed for opening near the middle of the wall and for opening near a wall boundary. These enables an admissible load path for the horizontal earthquake force. These models consider the size and position of opening effectively. Each model is suitable for the seismic response corresponding with lateral forces in a given direction to be considered. The proposed models are good agreements with nonlinear finite element analysis(DIANA) results.

• 대한건축학회논문집:구조계
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to estimate the resistance capacity of a traditional wooden house with shear walls made of wood panel. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, the load - displacement test was carried out and the resistance moment values of the shear walls were proposed. The shear walls were made by placing studs with a nominal dimension of $38mm{\times}89mm$ at intervals of 600 mm, and attaching 12 mm thick plywood with 8-d size pegs at intervals of 150 mm. The type of traditional building wall was classified and showed the moment resistance ability of each wall type. This value is expressed as a proportional value divided by the moment resisting capacity of the standard size shear walls not divided into the divided small frames. Although some frames have proportional values larger than 1.0 even though they have openings, most of them show values smaller than 1.0. Also, even without the openings, it showed a smaller value than 1, such as 0.84 and 0.67.