• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.231-235
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• 2006

This study evaluated the properties of polyvinylsiloxane impression materials: Strain-in-compression, Elastic recovery, Consistency, and Wettability. Four polyvinylsiloxane impression materials(Examixfine, GC, Japan; Aquasilultra, Dentsply, USA; Extrude, Kerr, USA; Perfect-F, Handae, Korea) were used in this study. The measured data were analyzed with SPSSWIN 12.0 program. The results were as follows : 1. The strain-in-compression values showed that Extrude had the lowest value, 4.86% and Examixfine had the highest value, 6.78%. Significant difference between Examixfine and Perfect-F was not found but the other groups had significant differences(p = 0.000). 2. In the elastic recovery test, Extrude had the highest, 99.83% and Perfect-F had the lowest, 96.54%. There is no significant difference between Examixfine and Aquasilultra. The other impression material groups showed significant differences(p = 0.000). 3. The measurement of consistency results that the diameter of Examixfine was the largest, 45.12mm and one of Perfect-F was the smallest, 40.28 mm. No differences were shown between Examixfine and Aquasilultra and between Extrude and Perfect-F(p = 0.001). 4. Aquasilultra had a better hydrophilicity($47.85^{\circ}$) than other materials. Perfect-F had a larger contact angle($94.89^{\circ}$) and was hydrophobic. There were significant differences between groups(p = 0.000). 5. As for correlation among the test types, contact angle correlated with strain-in-compression, elstic recovery and consistency. The strain-in-compression had correlation to contact angle and elastic recovery. The elastic recovery correlated with contact angle and strain-in-compression. And the consistency had correlation to contact angle.

• Korea-Australia Rheology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.269-280
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• 2009

The drop formation dynamics of a shear thinning, elastic, yield stress ($\tau_o$) fluid (Carbopol 980 (poly(acrylic acid)) dispersions) in silicone oil has been investigated in a flow-focusing microfluidic channel. The rheological character of each solution investigated varied from Netwonian-like through to highly non-Newtonian and was varied by changing the degree of neutralization along the poly (acrylic acid) backbone. We have observed that the drop size of these non-Newtonian fluids (regardless of the degree of neutralisation) showed bimodal behaviour. At first we observed increases in drop size with increasing viscosity ratio (viscosity ratio=viscosity of dispersed phase (DP)/viscosity of continuous phase (CP)) at low flowrates of the continuous phases, and thereafter, decreasing drop sizes as the flow rate of the CP increases past a critical value. Only at the onset of pinching and during the high extensional deformation during pinch-off of a drop are any differences in the non-Newtonian characteristics of these fluids, that is extents of shear thinning, elasticity and yield stress ($\tau_o$), apparent. Changes in these break-off dynamics resulted in the observed differences in the number and size distribution of secondary drops during pinch-off for both fluid classes, Newtonian-like and non-Newtonian fluids. In the case of the Newtonian-like drops, a secondary drop was generated by the onset of necking and breakup at both ends of the filament, akin to end-pinching behavior. This pinch-off behavior was observed to be unaffected by changes in viscosity ratio, over the range explored. Meanwhile, in the case of the non-Newtonian solutions, discrete differences in behaviour were observed, believed to be attributable to each of the non-Newtonian properties of shear thinning, elasticity and yield stress. The presence of a yield stress ($\tau_o$), when coupled with slow flow rates or low viscosities of the CP, reduced the drop size compared to the Newtonian-like Carbopol dispersions of much lower viscosity. The presence of shear thinning resulted in a rapid necking event post onset, a decrease in primary droplet size and, in some cases, an increase in the rate of drop production. The presence of elasticity during the extensional flow imposed by the necking event allowed for the extended maintenance of the filament, as observed previously for dilute solutions of linear polymers during drop break-up.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.152-163
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• 2018

Purpose: To determine whether the swelling and mechanical properties of osmotic self-inflating expanders allow or not the induction of intraoral soft tissue expansion in dogs. Methods: Three different volumes (0.15, 0.25, and 0.42 mL; referred to respectively as the S, M, and L groups) of soft tissue expanders (STEs) consisting of a hydrogel core coated with a silicone-perforated membrane were investigated in vitro to assess their swelling behavior (volume swelling ratio) and mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile strain). For in vivo investigations, the STEs were subperiosteally inserted for 4 weeks in dogs (n=5). Soft tissue expansion was clinically monitored. Histological analyses included the examination of alveolar bone underneath the expanders and thickness measurements of the surrounding fibrous capsule. Results: The volume swelling ratio of all STEs did not exceed 5.2. In tensile mode, the highest mean strain was registered for the L group ($98.03{\pm}0.3g/cm$), whereas the lowest mean value was obtained in the S group ($81.3{\pm}0.1g/cm$), which was a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). In addition, the S and L groups were significantly different in terms of tensile strength ($1.5{\pm}0.1g/cm$ for the S group and $2.2{\pm}0.1g/cm$ for the L group, P<0.05). Clinical monitoring showed successful dilatation of the soft tissues without signs of inflammation up to 28 days. The STEs remained volumetrically stable, with a mean diameter in vivo of 6.98 mm, close to the in vitro post-expansion findings (6.69 mm). Significant histological effects included highly vascularized collagen-rich fibrous encapsulation of the STEs, with a mean thickness of $0.67{\pm}0.12mm$. The bone reaction consisted of resorption underneath the STEs, while apposition was observed at their edges. Conclusions: The swelling and mechanical properties of the STEs enabled clinically successful soft tissue expansion. A tissue reaction consisting of fibrous capsule formation and bone loss were the main histological events.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.327-333
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• 2016

Tourette's syndrome is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the presence of vocal and multiple motor tics. Tics are defined as brief, intermittent, repetitive, unpredictable, purposeless, and stereotyped movements or sounds. Some patients experience physical pain from intense and complex tics. In addition, motor tics can result in self-injury which is a common feature of Tourette's syndrome. A 9-year-old boy was referred by the department of neuropsychiatry because of a severe tongue laceration. His parents reported that he had been biting his tongue irregularly for 2 months before referral and suffered from an intense burning sensation. The repeated biting resulted in ulcers on the tongue, which quickly worsened and led to progressive difficulty chewing and swallowing food. We offered to give him a two-piece removable appliance to limit tongue biting; it was made of soft silicone and fitted to both the maxillary and mandibular arches. As we emphasized that the device could help alleviate his pain, he agreed to accept it and adapted well. Just 3 weeks later, his tongue lesions had healed significantly.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.62-68
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• 2005

Background : The clinical results of a Natural stent in patients with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were examined by comparing the clinical outcomes and complications of those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting in the management of benign airway stenosis. Methods : The medical records of 94 patients (39 Dumon and 55 Natural stent) with a benign tracheobronchial stenosis were reviewed and analyzed. Results : Post-tuberculous stenosis was the leading indication for airway stenting (74%), which was followed by post-intubation stenosis (21%). After intervention, the dyspnea had improved among those patients who underwent Dumon (90%) and Natural (86%) stenting. After stabilizing the dyspnea, the stent could be successfully removed in half of the patients who underwent both Dumon (54%) and Natural (49%) stenting. During the 42 month follow-up period, the complication rate was similar in those patients who underwent Dumon and Natural stenting: migration (46% vs 53%), granulation tissue formation (36% vs 49%), mucostasis (21% vs 16%) and restenosis (51% vs 36%). Conclusion : The clinical results of Natural airway stent was similar to those of Dumon stent in the management of benign tracheobronchial stenosis.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

Purpose: This study provided the basic data for selection the zirconia block and CAM by means of marginal fitness observations, flexural strength test and hardness test. Methods: Three dental zirconia blocks(ABCera, NaturaZ, ST98) and two dental milling machines(CAD/CAM MS, DWX-50) were used in this study. Metal abutment(diameter 10 mm, height 5 mm, inclined angle $3^{\circ}$ taper, 1 mm chamfer margin) was fabricated by Ti customized abutment, and then zirconia copings were fabricated for each ten specimens. Silicone replica technique was used to observe the marginal fitness of cross-sections with a stereomicroscope at ${\times}50$ magnification. The dental zirconia blocks was cut into 10 pieces each having a size of $25mm{\times}5mm{\times}1mm$, and fabricated according to the manufacturer's instructions, and flexural strength was measured using a universal testing machine. For hardness test, a micro Vickers hardness tester was used as it was in the flexural strength test. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA and post-test was performed by Scheffe test. Results: For marginal fitness of bucco-lingual axial, ZU group($59.7{\pm}10.3{\mu}m$) was the lowest, followed by RA, ZA, ZD, RD, RU. For marginal fitness of mesio-distal axial, ZU group($59.3{\pm}10.2{\mu}m$) was the lowest, followed by RA, ZA, RD, ZD, RU. One-way ANOVA showed statistically significant difference between groups(p<0.05). For flexural strength, ABCera block($718.0{\pm}57.2MPa$) was the highest, followed by NaturaZ, ST98. For hardness, ABCera block($1550.3{\pm}19.8Hv$) was the highest, followed by ST98, NaturaZ. There was no significant difference in flexural strength and hardness between blocks(p>0.05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the type of dental zirconia block did influence the marginal fitness, and all dental zirconia blocks are expected to be suitable for clinical application. The highest flexural strength and hardness were ABCera block, and no statistically significant difference was observed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.607-614
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• 1996

Nasal bone fracture is common in mid-facial trauma patients. In these patients, facial bone and nasal bone fracture are reducted at same time, but definite nasal reduction is difficulty in these patients because of nasotracheal intubation during general anesthesia and facial swelling in early facial trauma patients. If nasal packing and MMF are needed, there are difficult to maintain the reducted nasal bone because of some difficulty in airway maintenance after nasal packing and increasing the patient discomfort. So postoperative nasal deformity is more common in these combined patients. Secondary rhinoplasty is necessary in these patients who have deformed nasal bone, and there are many methods and materials for secondary rhinoplasty. But if primary nasal bone was reducted symmetrically, it is easy in secondary rhinoplasty. We present 7 cases of secondary rhinoplasty in mid-facial trauma patients who had combined nasal bone fracture. In these patients, primary nasal bone reduction carried with closed reduction method during primary facial bone reduction. About 6 months later, we performed secondary rhinoplasty with iliac bone and alloplastic materials. So we report these cases with literatures.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.250-255
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• 2011

In this study, by using the polymeric membrane separation process, the $CO_{2}/CH_{4}$ separation and $H_{2}S$ removal from biogas were performed in order to $CH_{4}$ purification and enrichment for the fuel cell energy source application. Fibers were spun by dry/wet phase inversion method. The module was manufactured by fabricating fibers after surface coating with silicone elastomer. The scanning electron microscopy(SEM) studies showed that the produced fibers typically had an asymmetric structure; a dense top layer supported by a porous, sponge substructure. The permeance of $CO_{2}$ and $CO_{2}/CH_{4}$ selectivity increased with pressure and temperature. Mixture gas with increasing pressure and temperature, removal efficiency of the $CO_{2}$ and $H_{2}S$ were decreased while concentration of $CH_{4}$ was increased up to 100%. When retentate flow rate was increased with the decreasing of pressure and temperature the $CH_{4}$ recovery ratio in retentate side was increased while the $CH_{4}$ purity in retentate side was decreased.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.26 no.7
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• pp.668-673
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• 2005

To collect or transfer samples of gaseous pollutants, various types of tubing are used. Hence, to analyze the uncertainties associated with the use of tubings, a series of comparative test were designed and conducted using the RSC standards with different concentration ranges. For the purpose of this study, we prepared tubings made of six different types of material which include: [1] silco-steel (S1), [2] stainless steel (S2), [3] silicone (S3), [4] PTFE Teflon (T1), [5] tygon (T2), and [6] brass (B). The patterns of RSC loss on to tubing walls, when compared on the basis of the least reactive material S1, exhibited that the extent of RSC loss varied dynamically. It was found that Teflon is highly stable. However, other materials tend to exhibit contrasting patterns of loss. S2 and B show significant loss of light RSC $(H_2S\;and\;CH_3SH)$, while S3 and T2 experience notable loss of heavy RSC (DMS and DMDS).

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.351-365
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• 2001

For accurate impression taking, accurate impression material, solid individual tray, and bond strength between impression materials and resin tray are important factors. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tensile bond strength of rubber impression materials to various tray resin materials. This study tested the time dependent tensile bond strength between commercial brands or poly ether, polysulfide, additional silicone impression materials and commercial brands of self curing tray resin. light activited tray resin when applying adhesive Resin specimens were made with 20mm in diameter, 2mm in thickness. 1 made total 360 specimens, 10 per each group and the tensile bond strength was measured by using the Instron($M100EC^{(R)}$, Mecmesin Co., England). The results were as follows ; Comparisons of various impression materials. 1. In case of Impregum $F^{(R)}$, the bond strength of tray resin was decreased in order of SR $Ivolen^{(R)}$, Ostron $100^{(R)}$ Instant tray $mix^{(R)}$, $Lightplast^{(R)}$. All groups excluding Ostron $100^{(R)}$, Instant tray $mix^{(R)}$ are significant difference (p<0.05). Drying time after applying adhesive, the tensile bond strength of tray resin was insignificantly decreased in order of 10 min drying time group. 1 min drying time group. 5 min drying time group. 2. In case of Permlastic $regular^{(R)}$ the bond strength of tray resin was insignificantly decreased in order of Ostron $100^{(R)}$. SR $Ivolen^{(R)}$, Instant tray $mix^{(R)}$ $Lightplast^{(R)}$. About drying time after applying adhesive, the tensile bond strength of tray resin was significantly decreased in order of 5 min drying time group, 10 min drying time group, 1 min drying time group(p<0.05). 3. In case of Exaflex $regular^{(R)}$. the bond strength of tray resin was decreased in order of $Lightplast^{(R)}$, SR $Ivolen^{(R)}$, Instant tray $mix^{(R)}$, Ostron $100^{(R)}$. $Lightplast^{(R)}$ was significant difference(p<0.05). About drying time after applying adhesive, the tensile bond strength of tray resin was decreased in order of 5 min drying time group, 10 min drying time group, 1 min drying time group(p<0.05). Especially 5 min ding time group was significant difference(p<0.05). According to the results of this study, we can see the greatest tensile bond strength when using Impregrm $F^{(R)}$ and Permlastic $regular^{(R)}$ with self curing tray resin, when using Exaflex $regular^{(R)}$ with light activated tray resin In my opinion, adhesive should be dried more than 5 min before impression taking to achieve the greatest tensile bond strength.