• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제32B권12호
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• pp.1565-1571
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• 1995

Misalignment of recording head position results in inter-track interference (ITI), which is a primary factor limiting radial(track) density in current digital magnetic channels. This paper proposes a multi- channel adaptive PRML for digital high-density recording channels, and compares it with the conventional single-channel PRML in the presence of ITI for the per- formance evaluation. Simulation results show that the proposed method removes ITI effectively when heal-misalignment occurs, then improving its performance significantly as compared with the single- channel PRML. As a result, it is confirmed that multi-channel adaptive PRML is well suited for high-density recording in digital magnetic channels.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권4C호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2008

수직자기기록 채널에서는 PRML(Partial-Response Maximum Likelihood) 검출방법이나 NPML(Noise-Predictive Maximum Likelihood) 검출방법을 이용한 방식으로 더 이상의 성능 향상을 기대하기 힘들게 되었다. 따라서 LDPCO(Low-Density Parity-Check) 부호를 이용한 성능의 향상을 기대하게 되었는데, 본 논문에서는 메시지 전달 방식을 이용한 채널 검출기와 LDPC 부호를 결합시켜 병렬적으로 채널 반복복호를 수행하여 수직자기기록 채널에서의 성능을 보았다. 또한 메시지 전달 방식의 채널 검출기의 구현 복잡도를 근사화 방식을 이용하여 간단히 하였다.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1999년도 학술발표회 진행표 및 논문초록
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• pp.56-56
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• 1999

Change of membrane property can affect the activity of membrane proteins. In this work, we investigated the single channel properties of large conductance $Ca^{2+}$-activated $K^{+}$(BK) channels in planar lipid bilayers of different thickness. First, we recorded the activity of single BK channels from rat skeletal muscle incorporated into the control bilayer, then increased the bilayer thickness by perfusing the recording solution with the one saturated with n-pentane, or reduced the thickness by adding diheptanoylphosphatidylcholine (di$C_{7:0}$PC) to the recording soluton.(omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-100
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• 1998

The conductance change evoked by step depolarization was studied in primarily cultured rat adrenal chromaffin cells using patch-clamp and capacitance measurement techniques. When we applied a depolarizing pulse to a chromaffin cell, the inward calcium current was followed by an outward current and depolarization-induced exocytosis was accompanied by an increase in conductance trace. The slow inward tail current which has the same time course as the conductance change was observed in current recording. The activation of slow tail current was calcium-dependent. Reversal potentials agreed with Nernst equation assuming relative permeability of $Cs^+\;to\;K^+$ is 0.095. The outward current and tail current were blocked by apamin (200 nM) and d-tubocurarine (2 mM). The conductance change was blocked by apamin and did not affect membrane capacitance recording. We confirmed that conductance change after depolarization comes from the activation of the SK channel and can be blocked by application of the SK channel blockers. Consequently, it is necessary to consider blocking of the SK channel during membrane capacitance recording.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.146-146
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• 2002

We present a new technique for achieving source separation when given only a single channel recording. The main idea is based on exploiting the inherent time structure of sound sources by learning a priori sets of time-domain basis functions that encode the sources in a statistically efficient manner. We derive a learning algorithm using a maximum likelihood approach given the observed single channel data and sets of basis functions. For each time point we infer the source parameters and their contribution factors. This inference is possible due to the prior knowledge of the basis functions and the associated coefficient densities. A flexible model for density estimation allows accurate modeling of the observation, and our experimental results exhibit a high level of separation performance for simulated mixtures as well as real environment recordings employing mixtures of two different sources. We show separation results of two music signals as well as the separation of two voice signals.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.131-142
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• 2003

We have studied mutant forms of Kir2.1 in which an aspartate residue (D172), important for gating by intracellular polyamines, is replaced by one of three basic residues (Arg, Lys or His). Such channels are highly selective for $K^+$, but show inward rectification that is a shallow function of voltage compared with that found in wild type. This inward rectification occurs with a reduced affinity for spermine and persists in the absence of polyamines. Though the unitary current-voltage relation shows some inward rectification, it is insufficient to account for that seen under whole cell recording. Channels open and shut under single channel recording, and changes of $P_{open}$ appear to generate inward rectification. In D172H, the reduction in affinity for spermine is greater when His is protonated at low $pH_i$. The effective valency for spermine is reduced from $3.09{\pm}0.07$ in wild type to $1.95{\pm}0.09$ in D172H at $pH_i$ 6.3. In the presence of dual mutants of Kir2.1, where E224 is also replaced, spermine affinity becomes undetectable. However, channels still show inward rectification and open and shut under hyper- and depolarisation, respectively. We suggest that Kir2.1 channel are able to undergo conformation changes; these changes may be important physiologically in generating inward rectification, the normal parameters of which are set by the binding of polyamines such as spermine.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.17-26
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• 1991

Single smooth muscle cells of the rabbit pulmonary artery were isolated by treatment with collagenase and elastase. Using the patch clamp technique, potassium channel activity was recorded from the inside-out membrane patch. The channel had a sin히e channel conductance of about 360 pS in symmetrical concentration of K on both sides of the patch, 150 mM, and had a linear current-voltage relationship. During the application of 10 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) to the intracellular membrane surface, the amplitude of single channel current was reduced and very rapid flickering appeared. The open probability $(P_0)$ of this channel was increased by increasing positivity of the potential across the patch membrane, with e-fold increase by 20 mV depolarization, and by increasing the internal $Ca^{2+}$ concentration. These findings are consistent with those of large conductance Ca-activated K channels reported in other tissues. But the shortening of the mean open time by increasing $[Ca^{2+}]_i$, was an unexpected result and one additional closed state which might be arisen from a block of the open channel by Ca binding was suggested. The $P_0-membrane$ potential relationship was modulated by internal pH. Decreasing pH reduced $P_0$. Increasing pH not only increased $P_0$ but also weakened the voltage dependency of the channel opening. The modulation of Ca-activated K channel by pH was thought to be related to the mechanism of regulation of vascular tone by the pH change.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.504-510
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• 2015

This paper presents a power and area efficient SAR ADC for multi-channel near threshold-voltage (NTV) applications such as neural recording systems. This work proposes a split dual-capacitive-array (S-DCA) structure with shifted input range for ultra low-switching energy and architecture of multi-channel single-ended SAR ADC which employs only one comparator. In addition, the proposed ADC has the same amount of equivalent capacitance at two comparator inputs, which minimizes the kickback noise. Compared with conventional SAR ADC, this work reduces the total capacitance and switching energy by 84.8% and 91.3%, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.151-157
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• 1994

Intracellular free $Ca^{2+}$ contributes to regulation of various events occurring in vascular smooth muscle cells. One of these events is modulating the membrane iou currents. Single smooth muscle cells were isolated from rabbit mesenteric artery. Three kinds of $Ca^{2+}-activated\;current$ were studied with the patch clamp method. $Ca^{2+}-activated\;K^+\;current$ with a large oscillation was recorded in the depolarized potential range. The single channel conductance of this current was about 250 pS. It was abolished by replacing intracellular $K^+\;with\;Cs^+$. A $Ca^{2+}-activated$ nonselective cation current was observed in both the depolarized and hyperpolarized potential ranges. And it was blocked by replacement of extracellular $Na^+$ with N-methylglucamine (NMG) or extracellular application of $Cd^{2+}$. $Ca^{2+}-activated\;Cl^-\;current$ was revealed in the whole voltage range and was blocked by niflumic acid. These results indicate that at least three kinds of $Ca^{2+}-activated$ ionic currents exist in smooth muscle cells from rabbit superior mesenteric artery.

• 한국생물물리학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물물리학회 1998년도 학술발표회
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• pp.38-38
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• 1998

Resting membrane potential of atrial myocytes is less negative than K+ equilibrium potential, suggesting the presence of ion channels carrying inward currents. We investigated the background Na$\^$＋/ current in rat atrial myocytes using both conventional whole cell voltage clamp technique and single channel recording.(omitted)